History
History of the Christian Church, Volume 5: The Middle Ages, AD 1049–1294
Philip Schaff and David S. Schaff · 1907
The Hildebrandine popes, the Crusades, monastic orders, the scholastics and the mediaeval church at its height.
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Contents
Chapter I. The Hildebrandian Popes. A.D. 1049-10736 pages
CHAPTER II. GREGORY VII, 1073-1085. See literature in § 38 pages
- § 10. Hildebrand elected Pope. His Views on the Situation
- § 11. The Gregorian Theocracy
- § 12. Gregory VII. as a Moral Reformer. Simony and Clerical Marriage
- § 13. The Enforcement of Sacerdotal Celibacy
- § 15. Gregory VII. and Henry IV
- § 16. Canossa. 1077
- § 17. Renewal of the Conflict. Two Kings and Two Popes
- § 18. Death of Gregory VII
Chapter III. The Papacy from the Death of Gregory VII. To the Concordat of Worms. A.D. 1085-112217 pages
- § 19. Victor III. and Urban II. 1086-1099
- § 20. Pascal II. and Henry V. 1099-1118
- § 21. The Concordat of Worms. 1122
- § 22. The Conflict of the Hierarchy in England. William the Conqueror and Lanfranc
- § 23. William Rufus and Anselm
- § 24. Anselm and Henry I
- Chapter IV
- § 25. Innocent II., 1130-1143, and Eugene III., 1145-1153
- § 26. Arnold of Brescia
- § 27. The Popes and the Hohenstaufen
- § 28. Adrian IV. and Frederick Barbarossa
- § 29. Alexander III. in Conflict with Barbarossa
- § 30. The Peace of Venice. 1177
- § 31. Thomas Becket and Henry II of England
- § 32. The Archbishop and the King
- § 33. The Martyrdom of Thomas Becket. Dec. 29, 1170
- § 34. The Effects of Becket's Murder
Chapter V. Innocent III. And His Age. A.D. 1198-121628 pages
- § 35. Literature
- § 36. Innocent's Training and Election
- § 37. Innocent's Theory of the Papacy
- § 38. Innocent and the German Empire
- § 39. Innocent and King John of England
- § 40. Innocent and Magna Charta
- § 41. The Fourth Lateran Council, 1215
- Chapter VI
- § 42. The Papal Conflict with Frederick II Begun
- § 43. Gregory IX. and Frederick II. 1227-1241
- § 44. The First Council of Lyons and the Close of Frederick's Career. 1241-1250
- § 45. The Last of the Hohenstaufen
- § 46. The Empire and Papacy at Peace. 1271-1294
- Chapter VII
- § 47. Literature on the Crusades as a Whole
- § 48. Character and Causes of the Crusades
- § 49. The Call to the Crusades
- § 50. The First Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem
- § 51. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1099-1187
- § 52. The Fall of Edessa and the Second Crusade
- § 53. The Third Crusade. 1189-1192
- § 54. The Children's Crusades
- § 55. The Fourth Crusade and the Capture of Constantinople. 1200-1204
- § 56. Frederick II. and the Fifth Crusade. 1229
- § 57. St. Louis and the Last Crusades. 1248, 1270
- § 58. The Last Stronghold of the Crusaders in Palestine
- § 59. Effects of the Crusades
- § 60. The Military Orders
Chapter VIII. The Monastic Orders11 pages
- § 61. The Revival of Monasticism
- § 62. Monasticism and the Papacy
- § 63. The Monks of Cluny
- § 64. The Cistercians
- § 65. St. Bernard of Clairvaux
- § 66. The Augustinians, Carthusians, Carmelites, and other Orders
- § 67. Monastic Prophets
- § 68. The Mendicant Orders
- § 69. Franciscan Literature
- § 71. The Franciscans
- § 72. St. Dominic and the Dominicans
Chapter IX. Missions3 pages
Chapter X. Heresy and Its Suppression10 pages
- § 78. Literature for the Entire Chapter
- § 79. The Mediaeval Dissenters
- § 80. The Cathari
- § 81. Peter de Bruys and Other Independent Leaders
- § 82. The Amaurians and Other Isolated Sects
- § 83. The Beguines and Beghards
- § 84. The Waldenses
- § 85. The Crusades against the Albigenses
- § 86. The Inquisition. Its Origin and Purpose
- § 87. The Inquisition. Its Mode of Procedure and Penalties
Chapter XI. Universities and Cathedrals7 pages
Chapter XII. Scholastic and Mystic Theology11 pages
- § 95. Literature and General Introduction
- § 96. Sources and Development of Scholasticism
- § 97. Realism and Nominalism
- § 98. Anselm of Canterbury
- § 99. Peter Abaelard
- § 100. Abaelard's Teachings and Theology
- § 101. Younger Contemporaries of Abaelard
- § 102. Peter the Lombard and the Summists
- § 103. Mysticism
- § 104. St. Bernard as a Mystic
- § 105. Hugo and Richard of St. Victor
Chapter XIII. Scholasticism at Its Height6 pages
Chapter XIV. The Sacramental System18 pages
- § 112. Literature on the Sacraments
- § 113. The Seven Sacraments
- § 114. Baptism and Confirmation
- § 115. The Eucharist
- § 116. Eucharistic Practice and Superstition
- § 117. Penance and Indulgences
- § 118. Penance and Indulgences
- § 119. Extreme Unction, Ordination, and Marriage
- § 120. Sin and Grace
- § 121. The Future State
- Chapter XV. Pope and Clergy
- § 123. The Papal Supremacy in Church and State
- § 124. The Pope and the Curia
- § 125. Bishops
- § 126. The Lower Clergy
- § 127. The Councils
- § 128. Church and Clergy in England
- § 129. Two English Bishops
Philip Schaff and David S. Schaff, History of the Christian Church, Volume 5: The Middle Ages, AD 1049–1294 (1907). Public domain. Text from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.