History
History of the Christian Church, Volume 4: Mediaeval Christianity, AD 590–1073
Philip Schaff · 1885 (revised 1889–1910)
The conversion of Europe, the rise of the papacy and of Islam, and the division of East and West.
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Contents
CHAPTER I. General Introduction to Mediaeval Church History5 pages
Chapter II. Conversion of the Northern and Western Barbarians43 pages
- § 6. Character of Mediaeval Missions
- § 7. Literature
- § 8. The Britons
- § 9. The Anglo-Saxons
- § 10. The Mission of Gregory and Augustin. Conversion of Kent, a.d. 595-604
- § 11. Antagonism of the Saxon and British Clergy
- § 12. Conversion of the Other Kingdoms of the Heptarchy
- § 13. Conformity to Row Established. Wilfrid, Theodore, Bede
- § 14. The Conversion of Ireland. St. Patrick and St. Bridget
- § 15. The Irish Church after St. Patrick
- § 16. Subjection of Ireland to English and Roman Rule
- § 17. The Conversion of Scotland. St. Ninian and St. Kentigern
- § 18. St. Columba and the Monastery of Iona
- § 19. The Culdees
- § 20. Extinction of the Keltic Church, and Triumph of Rome under King David I
- § 21. Arian Christianity among the Goths and other German Tribes
- § 22. Conversion of Clovis and the Franks
- § 23. Columbanus and the Irish Missionaries on the Continent
- § 24. German Missionaries before Boniface
- § 25. Boniface, the Apostle of Germany
- § 26. The Pupils of Boniface. Willibald, Gregory of Utrecht, Sturm of Fulda
- § 27. The Conversion of the Saxons. Charlemagne and Alcuin. The Heliand, and the Gospel-Harmony
- § 28. Scandinavian Heathenism
- § 29. The Christianization of Denmark. St. Ansgar
- § 30. The Christianization of Sweden
- § 31. The Christianization of Norway and Iceland
- § 32. General Survey
- § 33. Christian Missions among the Wends
- § 34. Cyrillus and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs. Christianization of Moravia, Bohemia and Poland
- § 35. The Conversion of the Bulgarians
- § 36. The Conversion of the Magyars
- § 37. The Christianization of Russia
- Chapter III
- § 38. Literature
- § 39. Statistics and Chronological Table
- § 40. Position of Mohammedanism in Church History
- § 41. The Home, and the Antecedents of Islâm
- § 42. Life and Character of Mohammed
- § 43. The Conquests of Islâm
- § 44. The Koran, and the Bible
- § 45. The Mohammedan Religion
- § 46. Mohammedan Worship
- § 47. Christian Polemics against Mohammedanism. Note on Mormonism
Chapter IV. The Papal Hierarchy and the Holy Roman Empire16 pages
- § 48. General Literature on the Papacy
- § 49. Chronological Table of the Popes, Anti-Popes, and Roman Emperors from Gregory I. to Leo XIII
- § 51. Gregory and the Universal Episcopate
- § 52. The Writings of Gregory
- § 53. The Papacy from Gregory I to Gregory II a.d. 604-715
- § 54. From Gregory II to Zacharias. a.d. 715-741
- § 55. Alliance of the Papacy with the New Monarchy of the Franks. Pepin and the Patrimony of St. Peter. a.d. 741-755
- § 57. Founding of the Holy Roman Empire, a.d. 800. Charlemagne and Leo III
- § 58. Survey of the History of the Holy Roman Empire
- § 59. The Papacy and the Empire from the Death of Charlemagne to Nicolas I a.d. 814-858). Note on the Myth of the Papess Joan
- § 60. The Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals
- § 61. Nicolas I., April, 858-Nov. 13, 867
- § 62. Hadrian II. and John VIII a.d. 867 to 882
- § 63. The Degradation of the Papacy in the Tenth Century
- § 64. The Interference of Otho the Great
- § 65. The Second Degradation of the Papacy from Otho I to Henry III. a.d. 973-1046
Chapter V. The Conflict of the Eastern and Western Churches and Their Separation6 pages
CHAPTER VII. MONASTICISM. See the Lit. on Monasticism in vol. II. 387, and III. 147 sq3 pages
CHAPTER VIII. CHURCH DISCIPLINE. Comp. vol. II. § 57, and vol. III. § 688 pages
CHAPTER X. WORSHIP AND CEREMONIES. Comp. vol. III. ch. VII., and Neander III. 123-140; 425-455 (Boston ed.)14 pages
- § 92. The Mass
- § 93. The Sermon
- § 94. Church Poetry. Greek Hymns and Hymnists
- § 95. Latin Hymnody. Literature
- § 96. Latin Hymns and Hymnists
- § 97. The Seven Sacraments
- § 98. The Organ and the Bell
- § 99. The Worship of Saints
- § 100. The Worship of Images. Literature. Different Theories
- § 101. The Iconoclastic War, and the Synod of 754
- § 102. The Restoration of Image-Worship by the Seventh Oecumenical Council, 787
- § 103. Iconoclastic Reaction, and Final Triumph of Image-Worship, a.d. 842
- § 104. The Caroline Books and the Frankish Church on Image-Worship
- § 105. Evangelical Reformers. Agobardus of Lyons, and Claudius of Turin
Chapter XI. Doctrinal Controversies24 pages
- § 106. General Survey
- § 107. The Controversy on the Procession of the Holy Spirit
- § 108. The Arguments for and against the Filioque
- § 109. The Monotheletic Controversy
- § 110. The Doctrine of Two Wills in Christ
- § 111. History of Monotheletism and Dyotheletism
- § 112. The Sixth Oecumenical Council. a.d. 680
- § 113. The Heresy of Honorius
- § 115. Reaction of Monotheletism. The Maronites
- § 116. The Adoptionist Controversy. Literature
- § 117. History of Adoptionism
- § 118. Doctrine of Adoptionism
- § 119. The Predestinarian Controversy
- § 120. Gottschalk and Babanus Maurus
- § 121. Gottschalk and Hincmar
- § 122. The Contending Theories on Predestination, and the Victory of Semi-Augustinianism
- § 123. The Doctrine of Scotus Erigena
- § 124. The Eucharistic Controversies. Literature
- § 125. The Two Theories of the Lord's Supper
- § 126. The Theory of Paschasius Radbertus
- § 127. The Theory of Ratramnus
- § 128. The Berengar Controversy
- § 129. Berengar's Theory of the Lord's Supper
- § 130. Lanfranc and the Triumph of Transubstantiation
Chapter XII. Heretical Sects3 pages
Chapter XIII. The State of Learning50 pages
- § 134. Literature
- § 135. Literary Character of the Early Middle Ages
- § 136. Learning in the Eastern Church
- § 137. Christian Platonism and the Pseudo-Dionysian Writings
- § 138. Prevailing Ignorance in the Western Church
- § 139. Educational Efforts of the Church
- § 140. Patronage of Letters by Charles the Great, and Charles the Bald
- § 141. Alfred the Great, and Education in England
- Chapter XIV
- § 142. Chronological List of the Principal Ecclesiastical Writers from the Sixth to the Twelfth Century
- § 143. St. Maximus Confessor
- § 144. John of Damascus
- § 145. Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople
- § 146. Simeon Metaphrastes
- § 147. Oecumenius
- § 148. Theophylact
- § 149. Michael Psellus
- § 150. Euthymius Zigabenus
- § 151. Eustathius of Thessalonica
- § 152. Nicetas Acominatos
- § 153. Cassiodorus
- § 154. St. Gregory of Tours
- § 155. St. Isidore of Seville
- § 156. The Venerable Bede (Baeda)
- § 157. Paul the Deacon
- § 158. St. Paulinus of Aquileia
- § 159. Alcuin
- § 160. St. Liudger
- § 161. Theodulph of Orleans
- § 162. St. Eigil
- § 163. Amalarius
- § 164. Einhard
- § 165. Smaragdus
- § 166. Jonas of Orleans
- § 167. Rabanus Maurus
- § 168. Haymo
- § 169. Walahfrid Strabo
- § 170. Florus Magister, of Lyons
- § 171. Servatus Lupus
- § 172. Druthmar
- § 173. St. Paschasius Radbertus
- § 174. Patramnus
- § 175. Hincmar of Rheims
- § 176. Johannes Scotus Erigena
- § 177. Anastasius
- § 178. Ratherius of Verona
- § 179. Gerbert (Sylvester II.)
- § 180. Fulbert of Chartres
- § 181. Rodulfus Glaber. Adam of Bremen
- § 182. St. Peter Damiani
Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church, Volume 4: Mediaeval Christianity, AD 590–1073 (1885). Public domain. Text from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.