Antiochus Vi – Apocalypse Of Baruch

Antiochus Vi

(Surnamed Theos (Theos), or, according to coins, Dionysus Epiphanes): Was the son of Alexander Balas, who claimed to be the son of Antiochus Epiphanes. Alexander left the throne to his son in 146 BC. The young king retired to Arabia--perhaps through compulsion. The shrewd diplomatist and skillful general, Tryphon, succeeded first in winning over to his side the two leaders of the Jews, Jonathan and Simon, and then, by force of arms, in making the Syrians recognize his protege. As soon as the monarchy had been firmly established, Tryphon unmasked his projects: he had been ambitious only for himself; Antiochus had been only an instrument in his hands. In 143; after a reign of a little more than three years, Antiochus was assassinated by Tryphon, who ascended the throne himself (1 Macc 13:31; Ant, XIII, vii, 1; Livy Epit. 55).

J. E. Harry

Antiochus Vii

(Surnamed Sidetes, Sidetes, after Sida in Pamphylia, where he was educated): Younger son of Demetrius Soter and brother of Demetrius Nicator, whose wife, Cleopatra, he married when Demetrius was taken prisoner by the Parthians. Antiochus overthrew the usurper, Tryphon, and ascended the throne himself and reigned from 139 to 130 BC. He defeated John Maccabeus and besieged Jerusalem (Ant., XIII, viii, 2), but concluded a favorable peace (Ant., XIII, viii, 3) from fear of Rome. Later he waged war with the Parthians and was slain in battle (1 Macc 15:2-9,28-31).

J. E. Harry

Antipas

an'-ti-pas (Antipas): The name is an abbreviation of Antipater:

(1) A name of Herod "the tetrarch" (in Jos), son of Herod the Great, the brother of Archelaus (Matthew 14:1; Luke 3:1; Luke 9:7; Acts 13:1). See HEROD.

(2) A martyr of the church of Pergamum, described as "my witness, my faithful one" (Revelation 2:13).

Antipater

an-tip'-a-ter (Antipatros): One of two envoys sent by the senate of the Jews to the Romans and Spartans (1 Macc 12:16; 14:22).

Antipatris

an-tip'-a-tris (Antipatris): Is mentioned in Scripture only once, in connection with the descent of Paul from Jerusalem to Caesarea (Acts 23:31). References will be found in Ant, XIII, xv 1; XVI, v, 2; BJ, I, xxi, 9. It was a town built by Herod the Great, and called after his father Antipater. It is probably identical with the modern Ras el-`Ain, "fountain head," a large mound with ruins at the source of Nahr el`Aujeh, in the plain to the Northeast of Jaffa. There are remains of a crusading castle which may be the Mirabel of those times.

W. Ewing

Antonia

an-to'-ni-a. See JERUSALEM.

Antothijah

an-to-thi'-ja. See ANTHOTHIJAH.

Antothite

an'-toth-it: the King James Version form of ANATHOTHITE (which see) (thus the Revised Version (British and American)) (1 Chronicles 11:28; 1 Chronicles 12:3).

Anub

a'-nub (`anubh, "ripe"): A descendant of Judah and son of Hakkoz (the King James Version Coz) 1 Chronicles 4:8.

Anus

a'-nus. See ANNUS (Apocrypha).

Anvil

an'-vil (pa`am): The word is used only once to mean anvil. The passage (Isaiah 41:7) refers to the custom still very common of workmen encouraging each other at their work. See CRAFTS. Just how pretentious the anvil of the ancients was we do not know. Most work requiring striking or beating, from the finest wrought jewelry to the largest copper vessels, is now done on an anvil shaped like an inverted letter L which is driven into a block of wood, or into the ground, or into a crack between two of the stone slabs of the workman's floor. The only massive anvils seen in the country today are modern and of foreign make.

James A. Patch

Apace

a-pas' ("at a pace"): With "come," 2 Samuel 18:25; "flee," Jeremiah 46:5, for "rapidly," "hastily," "fast," corresponding to a Hebrew idiom that adds emphasis or intensity to an idea by repetition of the word or its equivalent.

Apame

a-pa'-me, ap'-a-me (Apame): A concubine of Darius and a daughter of Bartacus the Illustrious, whose behavior to the king is referred to in a speech of Zerubbabel before the king to prove to him the great power of women (1 Esdras 4:29).

See BARTACUS; ILLUSTRIOUS.

Apart

a-part' (badh, "separation," i.e. alone, by oneself; niddah, "uncleanness" i.e. something put away: "an abomination"): In Zechariah 12:12–14 the former word is used eleven times with powerful effect to indicate the separation of families and the isolation of wives through excessive grief in Jerusalem on account of the slain Messiah. The latter word signifies removal from ceremonial uncleanness (Leviticus 15:19; Leviticus 18:19; Ezekiel 22:10). In Greek, kat' idian, "by themselves," of marked significance as expressing Christ's desire for privacy in prayer, alone or with His disciples; either in a desert (Matthew 14:13); a mountain (Matthew 14:23); or a high mountain, at the time of the transfiguration (Matthew 17:1,Matthew 17:19), thus suggestive of the secrecy of prayer and communion with God. Used with reference also to Christ's disclosures of His purpose and of the purport of His teaching in private to His disciples (Matthew 20:17).

Dwight M. Pratt

Ape

ap (qoph): The word occurs only in the two parallel passages (1 Kings 10:22; 2 Chronicles 9:21) in which the magnificence of Solomon is illustrated by the things which are brought to him from foreign countries. Apes are mentioned with gold, silver, ivory and peacocks. Peacocks are natives of India and Ceylon. Apes and ivory may have been brought from India or Africa. Gold and silver may have come from these or other quarters. An Indian origin may be inferred from the fact that the Hebrew qoph, the Greek kebos and the English "ape" are akin to the Sanskrit "kapi", which is referred to the root kap, kamp, "to tremble"; but the question of the source of these imports depends upon what is understood by TARSHISH and OPHIR (which see). Canon Cheyne in Encyclopedia Biblica (s.v. "Peacock") proposes a reading which would give "gold, silver, ivory and precious stones" instead of "gold, silver, ivory, apes and peacocks." Assuming, however, that animals are here referred to, the word ape should be understood to mean some kind of monkey. The word "ape" is sometimes used for the tail-less apes or anthropoids such as the gorilla, the chimpanzee and the orangutang, as opposed to the tailed kinds, but this distinction is not strictly held to, and the usage seems formerly to have been freer than now.

Alfred Ely Day

Apelles

a-pel'-ez (Apelles): A Christian at Rome to whom Paul sends greetings (Romans 16:10). He is described by Paul as "the, approved in Christ," i.e. "that approved Christian" (Denney). In some way unknown to us Apelles had been tested and he had proved faithful (compare James 1:12; 2 Timothy 2:15). It is a common name. Many commentators refer to Horace (Satires, i.5.100): "Credat Judaeus Apella, non ego."

Aphaerema

a-fer'-e-ma (Aphairema and Apherema; the King James Version Apherema). One of three districts taken from Samaria and added to Judea by Demetrius Nicator (1 Macc 11:34). Compare Ant., XIII, iv, 9.

Apharsathchites; Apharsachites

af-ar-sath'-kits, a-far'-sak-its ('apharcathkhaye'): A tribe living in Samaria that protested against the rebuilding of the Temple, and brought their complaint to Darius (Ezra 4:9; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6). The tribe has not yet been recognized with any certainty in the inscriptions. Rawlinson identifies them with the Persians; other scholars deny that any Assyrian king was ever so situated as to have been able to obtain colonists from Persia. Some maintain with Marquardt that the term is not the name of a tribe, but the title of certain officers under Darius. Fred. Delitzsch suggests the inhabitants of one of the two great Medean towns "Partakka" and "Partukka" mentioned in Esarhaddon's inscriptions. Andreas plausibly connects it with the Assyrian suparsak (Muss-Arnolt, Assyrian Dict., 1098), saqu (3) "general"; Scheft takes it from an old Iranian word aparasarka, "lesser ruler."

H. J. Wolf

Apharsites

a-far'-sits ('apharcaye'): A tribe transferred to Samaria by Asnappar of Assyria (Ezra 4:9). Rawlinson identifies them with the APHARSACHITES (which see), taking Apharsites to be an accidental repetition of the same word. He understands "the Persians" to be meant in both cases. Others identify them with a Median tribe mentioned in the inscriptions of Sennacherib as dwellers in the district of Parsua.

Aphek

a'-fek ('apheq, "fortress"; Aphek):

(1) In Joshua 12:18 we should probably read with the Septuagint "the king of Aphek in Sharon." This may correspond to Aphek in 1 Samuel 4:1. It was a royal city of the Canaanites whose king was slain by Josh. Probably it is the Aphek mentioned by Josephus as being near to Antipatris (BJ, II, xix, 1). Kakon, a strong position commanding the main entrance to Samaria might suit; but the name has perished.

(2) (Greek Taphek or Apheka): A city in the lot of Asher (Joshua 13:4). The inhabitants were not ejected by Asher, nor is it said that they became tributary (Judges 1:31). In this passage it is written 'aphiq (Hebrew). It may be represented by 'Afqa on Nahr Ibrahim, although this is probably farther north than we should expect.

(3) To this place the Philistines gathered their hosts, while the Israelites pitched by the fountain which is in Jezreel (1 Samuel 29:1). It has been generally supposed that these two positions were over against each other, and that therefore Aphek must be sought in the plain of Esdraelon. No place answering this description has been found here. Fuqu`ah on Mount Gilboa is plainly impossible. If, however, this was only the rallying point of the Philistines from which they went up to Jezreel (1 Samuel 29:11), it may be identical with the Aphek in the plain of Sharon (compare 1 Samuel 29:1 above).

(4) A city on the plateau east of the Jordan, where disaster befell Benhadad (1 Kings 20:26,1 Kings 20:30). The same place may be intended in 2 Kings 13:17. The modern Fiq or Afiq (for both forms are heard) on the brow of the hill beyond Qal`at el-Chucn, east of the Sea of Galilee, probably represents this ancient city.

W. Ewing

Aphekah

a-fe'-ka ('apheqah, "force" or "strength"): An unidentified city in the hill country of Judah (Joshua 15:53).

Apherema

a-fer'-e-ma. See APHAEREMA (Apocrypha).

Apherra

a-fer'-a (Apherra): Head of a family of children of Solomon's servants in the post-exilic list, one of eight listed in 1 Esdras 5:34 after Pochereth-hazzebaim of Ezra 2:57 = Nehemiah 7:59.

Aphiah

a-fi'-a ('aphiach): A Benjaminate and an ancestor of King Saul (1 Samuel 9:1).

Aphik

a'-fik: Variant of APHEK (which see).

Aphrah

af'-ra: the King James Version form for the Revised Version (British and American) BETH-LEAPHRAH (Micah 1:10).

Aphses

af'-sez: the King James Version form for the Revised Version (British and American) HAPPIZZEZ (1 Chronicles 24:15).

Apocalypse

a-pok'-a-lips. See APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE; REVELATION OF JOHN.

Apocalypse Of Baruch

ba'-ruk. See APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE.