S
Shemaiah – Shur
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Shemaiah
(heard by Jehovah).
1. A prophet in the reign of Rehoboam. (; ) (B.C. 972.) He wrote a chronicle containing the events of Rehoboam’s reign. (,)
2. The son of Shechaniah, among the descendants of Zerubbabel. (; )
3. A prince of the tribe of Simeon. ()
4. Son of Joel, Reubenite. () (B.C. after 1706.)
5. Son of Hasshub, a Merarite Levite. (; )
6. Father of Obadiah or Abda, a Levite. ()
7. Son of Elizaphan, and chief of his house in the reign of David. (,) (B.C. 1043.)
8. A Levite, son of Nethaneel and also a scribe in the time of David. () (B.C. 1014.)
9. The eldest son of Obed-edom the Gittite. (,,) (B.C. 1014.)
10. A descendant of Jeduthun the singer who lived in the reign of Hezekiah ()
11. One of the sons of Adonikam who returned with Ezra. ()
12. One of Ezra’s messengers. ()
13. A priest of the family of Harim, who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s bidding. () (B.C. 455.)
14. A layman of Israel son of another Harim, who had also married a foreigner. () (B.C. 458.)
15. Son of Delaiah the son of Mehetabeel, a prophet in the time of Nehemiah. () (B.C. 446.)
16. The head of a priestly house who signed the covenant with Nehemiah. (; ,) (B.C. 410.)
17. One of the princes of Judah at the time of the dedication of Jerusalem. ()
18. One of the choir on the same occasion. ()
19. A priest. ()
20. A false prophet in the time of Jeremiah. ()
21. A Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat. () (B.C. 909.)
22. A Levite in the reign of Hezekiah. () (B.C. 726.)
23. A Levite in the reign of Josiah. () (B.C. 628.)
24. The father of Urijah of Kirjath-jearim. () (B.C. before 608.)
25. The father of Delaiah. () (B.C. before 605.)
Shemariah
(kept by Jehovah).
1. A Benjamite warrior who came to David at Ziklag. () (B.C. 1054.)
2. One of the family of Harim, a lay man of Israel who put away his foreign wife in the time of Ezra. () (B.C. 658.)
3. Another who did the same. ()
Shemeber
(lofty flight), king of Zeboim, and ally of the king of Sodom when he was attacked by Chedorlaomer. (B.C. 1912.)
Shemer
(preserved), the owner of the hill on which the city of Samaria was built. () (B.C. 917.) [SAMARIA]
Shemida
(wise), a son of Gilead. (; ) (B.C. after 1690.)
Shemidah
Shemida the son of Gilead. ()
Shemidaites, The
the descendants of Shemida the son of Gilead. ()
Sheminith
(eighth), a musical term found in the title of () A similar direction is found in the title of () Comp. It seems most probable that Sheminith denotes a certain air known as the eighth, or a certain key in which the psalm was to be sung.
Shemitic Languages
the family of languages spoken by the descendants of Shem, chiefly the Hebrew, Chaldaic, Assyrian, Arabic Phoenician and Aramaic or Syriac. The Jews in their earlier history spoke the Hebrew, but in Christ’s time they spoke the Aramaic, sometimes called the Syro-Chaldaic.
Shemuel
(heard by God).
1. A commissioner appointed from the tribe of Simeon to divide the land of Canaan. () (B.C. 1450.)
2. Samuel the prophet. ()
3. Son of Tola, and one of the chiefs of the tribe of Issachar, () (B.C. 1014.)
Shen
(tooth), a place mentioned only in () Nothing is known of it.
Shenazar
(splendid leader), son of Salathiel or Shealtiel. () (B.C. after 606.)
Shenir
[SENIR]
Shepham
(fruitful), a place on the eastern boundary of the promised land. (,)
Shephathiah
a Benjamite, father of Meshullam 6. ()
Shephatiah
(judged by Jehovah).
1. The fifth son of David. (; ) (B.C. about 1050.)
2. The family of Shephatiah, 372 in number, returned with Zerubbabel. (; ) see also (B.C. 536.)
3. The family of another Shephatiah, who came up with Zerubbabel. ()
4. A descendant of Judah. ()
5. One of the princes of Judah who counselled Zedekiah to put Jeremiah in the dungeon. () (B.C. 589.)
6. One of the Benjamite warriors who joined David in his retreat at Ziklag. () (B.C. 1054.)
7. Chief of the Simeonites in the reign of David. (1 Chronicles 37:16)
8. Son of Jehoshaphat. () (B.C. 887.)
Shepherd
In a nomadic state of society every man, from the sheikh down to the slave, is more or less a shepherd. The progenitors of the Jews in the patriarchal age were nomads, and their history is rich in scenes of pastoral life. The occupation of tending the flocks was undertaken,not only by the sons of wealthy chiefs, () ff.; Genesis37:12 ff., but even by their daughters. (,; ) The Egyptian captivity did march to implant a love of settled abode, and consequently we find the tribes which still retained a taste for shepherd life selecting their own quarters apart from their brethren in the transjordanic district. () ff. Thenceforward in Palestine proper the shepherd held a subordinate position. The office of the eastern shepherd, as described in the Bible, was attended with much hardship, and even danger. He was exposed to the extremes of heat and cold, () his food frequently consisted of the precarious supplies afforded by nature, such as the fruit of the "sycamore" or Egyptian fig, () the "husks" of the carob tree, () and perchance the locusts and wild honey which supported the Baptist, () he had to encounter the attacks of wild beasts, occasionally of the larger species, such as lions, nerves, panthers and bears, (; ; ; ) nor was he free from the risk of robbers or predators hordes. () To meet these various foes the shepherd’s equipment consisted of the following articles: a mantle, made probably of sheep skin with the fleece on, which he turned inside out in cold weather, as implied in the comparison in () (cf. Juv. xiv. 187.); a scrip or wallet, containing a small amount of food () a sling, which is still the favorite weapon of the Bedouin shepherd, () and lastly, a which served the double purpose of a weapon against foes and a crook for the management of the flock. (; ; ) If the shepherd was at a distance from his home, he was provided with a light tent, (Solomon 1:8; ) the removal of which was easily effected. () In certain localities, moreover, towers were erected for the double purpose of spying an enemy at a distance and of protecting the flock; such towers were erected by Uzziah and Jotham, (; ) while their existence in earlier times is testified by the name Migdal-edar () Authorized Version "a tower of Edar;" () Authorized Version "tower of the flock." The routine of the shepherd’s duties appears to have been as follows: In the morning he led forth his flock from the fold () which he did by going before them and calling to them, as is still usual in the East; arrived at the pasturage he watched the flock with the assistance of dogs, () and should any sheep stray, he had to search for it until he found it, (; ) he supplied them with water, either at a running stream or at troughs attached to wells, (; ; ; ) at evening he brought them back to the fold, and reckoned them to see that none were missing, by passing them "under the rod" as they entered the door of the enclosure (; ) checking each sheep, as it passed, by a motion of the hand, () and, finally, he watched the entrance of the fold throughout the night, acting as porter. () [See Sheepfold, under SHEEP] The shepherd’s office thus required great watchfulness, particularly by night. () cf. It also required tenderness toward the young and feeble, () particularly in driving them to and from the pasturage. () In large establishments there are various grades of shepherds, the highest being styled "rulers," () or "chief shepherds," () in a royal household the title of abbir "mighty," was bestowed on the person who held the post. () [SHEEP]
Shephi
(bareness), son of Shobal. of the sons of Seir. () Called also SHEPHO. ()
Shepho
() [SHEPHI]
Shephuphan
(an adder), one of the sons of Bela the first-born of Benjamin. () His name is also written SHEPHUPNAM (authorized Version "Shupham"), () SHUPPIM (,) and MUPPIM. () [MUPPIM]
Sherah
(kinswoman), daughter of Ephraim, () and foundress of the Beth-horons and of a town called after her Uzzen-sherah, (B.C. about 1445.)
Sherebiah
(heat of Jehovah) a Levite in the time of Ezra. (,) (B.C. 459.) When Ezra read the law to the people, Sherebiah was among the Levites who assisted him. () He signed the covenant with Nehemiah. ()
Sheresh
(root), son of Machir the son of Manasseh by his wife Manchah. () (B.C. before 1419.)
Sherezer
(prince of fire), one of the people’s messengers mentioned in ()
Sheshach
(from the goddess Shach , reduplicated) is a term which occurs only in (; ) where it is evidently used as a synonym for either Babylon or Babylonia.
Sheshai
(noble), one of the three sons of Anak who dwelt in Hebron. () (B.C. 1445.)
Sheshan
(Noble), a descendant of Jerahmeel the son of Hezron. (,,) (B.C. after 1690.)
Sheshbazzar
(worshipper of fire), the Chaldean or Persian name given to Zerubbabel in (,; ,) [ZERUBBABEL]
Sheth
(compensation).
1. The patriarch Seth. ()
2. In the Authorized Version of () not a proper name, but there is reason to regard it as an appellative. Read instead of "the sons of Sheth." "the suns of tumult." Comp. ()
Shethar
(Pers. a star), one of the seven princes of Persia and Media. () (B.C. 483.)
Shetharboznai
(Pers. star of splendor), a Persian officer of rank in the reign of Darius Hystaspes. (,; ,) (B.C. 320.)
Sheva
(Jehovah contends).
1. The scribe or royal secretary of David. () He is called elsewhere MERAIAH, () SHISHA, () And SHANSHA. () (B.C. 1015.)
2. Son of Caleb ben-Hezron by his concubine Maachah. () (B.C. about 1445.)
Shewbread
(; ; ) etc. literally "bread of the face" or "faces." Shew-bread was unleavened bread placed upon a table which stood in the sanctuary together with the seven-branched candlestick and the altar of incense. See () for description of this table. Every Sabbath twelve newly baked loaves, representing the twelve tribes of Israel, were put on it in two rows, six in each, and sprinkled with incense, where they remained till the following Sabbath. Then they were replaced by twelve new ones, the incense was burned, and they were eaten by the priests in the holy place, out of which they might not be removed, The title "bread of the face" seems to indicate that bread through which God is seen, that is, with the participation of which the seeing of God is bound up, or through the participation of which man attains the sight of God whence it follows that we have not to think of bread merely as such as the means of nourishing the bodily life, but as spiritual food as a means of appropriating and retaining that life which consists In seeing the face of God.
Shibboleth
(a stream), () is the Hebrew word which the Gileadites under Jephthah made use of at the passage of the Jordan, after a victory over the Ephraimites, to test the pronunciation of the sound sh by those who wished to cross over the river. The Ephraimites, it would appear, in their dialect substituted for sh the simple sound s ; and the Gileadites, regarding every one who failed to pronounce sh as an Ephraimite and therefore an enemy, put him to death accordingly. In this way there fell 42,000 Ephraimites. There is no mystery in this particular word. Any word beginning with the sound sh would have answered equally well as a test.
Shibmah
(properly SIBMAH). [SHEBAM]
Shicron
(drunkenness), one of the landmarks at the western end of the north boundary of Judah. () only. It lay between Ekron (Akir) and Jabneel (Yebna).
Shield
The ordinary shield consisted of a framework of wood covered with leather; it thus admitted of being burnt. () It was frequently cased with metal, either brass or copper; its appearance in this case resembled gold when the sun shone on it, 1 Macc. 6:39 and to this, rather than to the practice of smearing blood on the shield we may refer the redness noticed by. Nahum. () The surface of the shield was kept bright by the application of oil as implied in () The shield was worn on the left arm, to which it was attached by a strap. Shields of state were covered with beaten gold. Shields were suspended about public buildings for ornamental purposes. () In the metaphorical language of the Bible the shield generally represents the protection of God: e.g. (; ) but in () it is applied to earthly rulers and in () to faith. [ARMS, ARMOR]
Shiggaion
() a particular kind of psalm, the specific character of which is now not known perhaps a "wild, mournful ode."
Shihon
(ruin), a town of Issachar, named only in () Eusebius mentions it as then existing "near Mount Tabor."
Shihor Of Egypt
[SIHOR]
Shihorlibnath
(black of whiteness), named only in () as one of the landmarks of the boundary of Asher. (probably the little stream called on the map of Pal. Ord. Survey Wady en Nebra , "which enters the Mediterranean a little south of Athlit." The name would come from the turgid character of the stream contrasted with the white and glistening sands of its shore. --ED.)
Shilhi
(armed), the father of Azubah the mother of Jehoshaphat (; ) (B.C. before 946.)
Shilhim
(fountains), one of the cities in the southern portion of the tribe of Judah. ()
Shillem
(requital), son of Naphtali and an ancestor of the family of the Shillemites. (; )
Shillemites, The
[SHILLEM]
Shiloah, The Waters Of
a certain soft-flowing stream, () better known under the later name of Siloam -the only perennial spring of Jerusalem.
Shiloh
(place of rest), a city of Ephraim. In () it is said that Shiloh is "on the north side of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel to Shechem and on the south of Lebonah." In agreement with this the traveller of our own city, going north from Jerusalem, lodges the first night at Beitin , the ancient Bethel; the next day, at the distance of a few hours, turns aside to the right, in order to visit Seilun , the Arabic for Shiloh; and then passing through the narrow wady which brings him to the main road, leaves el-Lebban , the Lebonah of Scripture, on the left, as he pursues "the highway" to Nublus , the ancient Shechem. [SHECHEM] Shiloh was one of the earliest and most sacred of the Hebrew sanctuaries. The ark of the covenant, which had been kept at Gilgal during the progress of the conquest, () seq., was removed thence on the subjugation of the country, and kept at Shiloh from the last days of Joshua to the time of Samuel. (; ; ) It was here the Hebrew conqueror divided among the tribes the portion of the west Jordan region which had not been already allotted. (; ) In this distribution, or an earlier one, Shiloh fell within the limits of Ephraim. () The ungodly conduct of the sons of Eli occasioned the loss of the ark of the covenant, which had been carried into battle against the Philistines, and Shiloh from that time sank into insignificance. It stands forth in the Jewish history as a striking example of the divine indignation. ()
Shiloh
In the Authorized Version of the Bible Shiloh is once used as the name of a person, in a very difficult passage, in () "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be." Supposing that the translation is correct, the meaning of the word is peaceable or pacific , and the allusion is either to Solomon, whose name has a similar signification, or to the expected Messiah, who in () is expressly called the Prince of Peace. [MESSIAH] Other interpretations, however, of the passage are given, one of which makes it refer to the city of this name. [See the following article] It might be translated "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, till he shall go to Shiloh." In this case the allusion would be to the primacy of Judah in war, (,; ; ; ) which was to continue until the promised land was conquered and the ark of the covenant was solemnly deposited at Shiloh.
Shiloni
This word occurs in the Authorized Version only in () where it should be rendered --as it is in other cases-- "the Shilonite," that is the descendant of Sheluh the youngest son of Judah.
Shilonite, The
that is, the native or resident of Shiloh; a title ascribed only to Ahijah. (; ; ; ; )
Shilonites, The
are mentioned among the descendants of Judah dwelling in Jerusalem at a date difficult to () They are doubtless the members of the house of Shelah, who in the Pentateuch are more accurately designated Shelanites.
Shilshah
(strong), son of Zophah of the tribe of Asher. () (B.C. before 1015.)
Shimea
(fame).
1. Son of David by Beth-shean. () (B.C. 1045.)
2. A Merarite Levite. () (15).
3. A Gershonite Levite, ancestor of Asaph the minstrel. () (24). (B.C. before 1200.)
4. The brother of David, () elsewhere called Shamma, Shimma and Shimeah.
Shimeah
1. Brother of David, and father of Jonathan and Jonadab, () called also Shammah, Shimea, and Shimma. (B.C. about 1060.)
2. A descendant of Jehiel, the father or founder of Gibeon. () (B.C. perhaps 536.)
Shimeam
(their fame), a descendant of Jehiel, the founder or prince of Gibeon. () Called SHIMEAH in ()
Shimeath
(feminine of Shimeah), an Ammonitess, mother of Jozachar or Zabad, one of the murderers of King Joash. () (22); (B.C. 809.)
Shimei
(renowned).
1. Son of Gershon the son of Levi, (; ,; ,,; ) called SHIMI in () (B.C. after 1706.)
2. Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of the house of Saul, who lived at Bahurim. (B.C. 1023.) When David and his suite were seen descending the long defile, on his flight from Absolom, () the whole feeling of the clan of Benjamin burst forth without restraint in the person of Shimei. He ran along the ridge, cursing and throwing stones at the king and is companions. The next meeting was very different. The king was now returning from his successful campaign. Just as he was crossing the Jordan, () the first person to welcome him was Shimei who threw himself at David’s feet in abject penitence. But the king’s suspicions were not set at rest by this submission; and on his death-bed he recalls the whole scene to the recollection of his son Solomon. Solomon gave Shimei notice that from henceforth he must consider himself confined to the walls of Jerusalem, on pain of death. (1 Kings 3:36,37) For three years the engagement was kept. At the end of that time for the purpose of capturing two slaves who had escaped to Gath, he went out on his ass, and made his journey successfully. Ibid. () On his return the king took him at his word, and he was slain by Benaiah. Ibid. ()
3. One of the adherents of Solomon at the time of Adonjah’s usurpation. () (B.C.1015.)
4. Solomon’s commissariat officer in Benjamin. ()
5. Son of Pedaiah, and brother of Zerubbabel. () (B.C. 536.)
6. A Simeonite, son of Zacchur. (,)
7. Son of Gog, a Reubenite. ()
8. A Gershonite Levite, son of Jahath. ()
9. Son of Jeduthun, and chief of the tenth division of the singers. ()
10. The Ramathite who was over David’s vineyards. ()
11. A Levite of the sons of Heman, who took part in the purification of the temple under Zedekiah. () (B.C. 726.)
12. The brother of Cononiah the Levite, in the reign of Hezekiah. (,) Perhaps the same as the preceding.
13. A Levite in the time of Ezra who had married a foreign wife. ()
14. One of the family of Hashum, who put away his foreign wife at Ezra’s command. ()
15. A son of Bani, who had also married a foreign wife, and put her away. () (B.C. 459.)
16. Son of Kish, a Benjamite, and ancestor of Mordecai. () (B.C. before 479).
Shimeon
(hearing (prayer), a lay man of Israel, of the family of Harim, who had married a foreign wife, and divorced her in the time of Ezra. () (B.C. 458.)
Shimhi
(renowned), a Benjamite, apparently the same as Shema the son of Elpaal. ()
Shimi
= SHIMEI, 1. ()
Shimites, The
the descendants of Shimei the son of Gershon. ()
Shimon
(desert). The four sons of Shimon are enumerated in an obscure genealogy of the tribe of Judah. ()
Shimrath
(guard), a Benjamite, of the sons of Shimhi. ()
Shimri
(vigilant).
1. A Simeonite son of Shemaiah. () (B.C. after 1450.)
2. The father of Jediael, one of David’s guard. () (B.C. before 1043.)
3. A Kohathite Levite in the reign of Hezekiah. () (B.C. 726.)
Shimrith
(feminine of Shimri, vigilant), a Moabitess, mother of Jehozabad, one of the assassins of King Joash. () In () she is called SHOMER. (B.C. 839.)
Shimrom
() [SHIMRON]
Shimron
(watch-height).
1. A city of Zebulun. (; ) Its full appellation was perhaps Shimron-meron.
2. The fourth son of Issachar according to the lists of Genesis, () and Numbers, () and the head of the family of the Shimronites.
Shimronites, The
[SHIMRON]
Shimronmeron
(watch-height of Meron). The king of Shimron-meron is mentioned as one of the thirty-one kings vanquished by Joshua. () It is probably the complete name of the place elsewhere called Shimron, a city of Zebulun. (; )
Shimshai, Or Shimshai
(sunny), the scribe or secretary of Kehum, who was a kind of satrap of the conquered province of Judea and of the colony of Samaria, supported by the Persian court. (,,,) He was apparently an Aramaean, for the letter which he wrote to Artaxerxes was in Syriac. () (B.C. 529.)
Shinab
(splendor of the father , i.e. God), the king of Admah in the time of Abraham. () (B.C. 1912.)
Shinar
(country of two rivers), the ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the sea --the tract known in later times as Chaldaea or Babylonia. It was a plain country, where brick had to be used for stone and slime for mortar. () Among the cities were Babel (Babylon), Erech or Orech (Orchoe), Calneh or Calno (probably Niffer), and Accad, the site of which is unknown. It may be suspected that Shinar was the name by which the Hebrews originally knew the lower Mesopotamian country where they so long dwelt, and which Abraham brought with him from "Ur of the Chaldees."
Ship
No one writer in the whole range of Greek and Roman literature has supplied us with so much information concerning the merchant-ships of the ancients as St. Luke in the narrative of St. Paul’s voyage to Rome. . It is important to remember that he accomplished it in three ships: first, the Adramyttian vessel which took him from Caesarea to Myra, and which was probably a coasting-vessel of no great size, () secondly, the large Alexandrian corn-ship, in which he was wrecked on the coast of Malta () :1; and thirdly, another large Alexandrian corn-ship, in which he sailed from Malta by Syracuse and Rhegium to Puteoli. ()
1. Size of ancient ships . --The narrative which we take as our chief guide affords a good standard for estimating this. The ship, in which St. Paul was wrecked had persons on board, () besides a cargo of wheat, ibid. (,) and all these passengers seem to have been taken on to Puteoli in another ship, ibid, () which had its own crew and its own cargo. Now, in modern transport-ships, prepared far carrying troops, it is a common estimate to allow a toll and a half per man. On the whole, if we say that an ancient merchant-ship might range from 500 to 1000 tons, we are clearly within the mark.
2. Steering apparatus . --Some commentators have fallen into strange perplexities from observing that in () ("the fastenings of the rudders") St. Luke uses the plural. Ancient ships were in truth not steered at all by rudders fastened or hinged to the stern, but by means of two paddle-rudders one on each quarter, acting in a rowlock or through a port-hole as the vessel might be small or large.
3. Build and ornaments of the hull. --It is probable that there was no very marked difference between the bow and the stern. The "hold," () would present no special peculiarities. That personification of ships which seems to be instinctive led the ancients to paint an eye on each side of the bow. Comp. () An ornament of the ship which took Paul from Malta to Pozzuoli is more explicitly referred to. The "sign" of that ship, () was Castor and Pollux; and the symbols of those heroes were doubtless painted or sculptured on each side of the bow.
4. Under-girders . --The imperfection of the build, and still more (see below, 6) the peculiarity of the rig, in ancient ships, resulted in a greater tendency than in our times to the starting of the pranks and consequently to leaking and foundering. Hence it was customary to take on board peculiar contrivances, suitable called helps," () as precautions against such dangers. These were simply cables or chains, which in case of necessity could be passed round the frame of the ship, at right angles to its length, and made tight.
5. Anchors. --Ancient anchors were similar in form to those which we use now. except that they were without flukes. The ship in which Paul was sailing had four anchors on board. The sailors on this occasion anchored by the stern. ()
6. Masts, sails, ropes and yards . -The rig of an ancient ship was more simple and clumsy than that employed in modern times. Its great feature was one large mast, with one large square sail fastened to a yard of great length. Hence the strain upon the hull, and the danger of starting the planks, were greater than under the present system, which distributes the mechanical pressure more evenly over the whole ship. Not that there were never more masts than one, or more sails than one on the same mast, in an ancient merchantman; but these were repetitions, so to speak, of the same general unit of rig. Another feature of the ancient, as of the modern , feature of the ancient, as of ship is the flag at the top of the mast. Isai l.c., and () We must remember that the ancients had no compass, and very imperfect charts and instruments, if any at all.
7. Rate of sailing . --St. Paul’s voyages furnish excellent data for approximately estimating this; and they are quite in harmony with what we learn from other sources. We must notice here, however--what commentators sometimes curiously forget-that winds are variable. That the voyage between Troas and Philippi, accomplished on one occasion, (,) in two days, occupied on another occasion, () five days. With a fair wind an ancient ship would sail fully seven knots an hour.
8. Sailing before the wind. --The rig which has been described is, like the rig of Chinese junks, peculiarly favorable to a quick run before the wind. (; ) It would, however, be a great mistake to suppose that ancient ships could not work to windward. The superior rig and build, however, of modern ships enable them to sail nearer to the wind than was the case in classical times. A modern ship, if the weather is not very boisterous, will sail within six points of the wind. To an ancient vessel, of which the hull was more clumsy and the yards could not be braced so tight, it would be safe to assign seven points as the limit. Boats on the Sea Of Galilee . --In the narrative of the call of the disciples to be "fishers of men," (; ,; ) there is no special information concerning the characteristics of these. With the large population round the Lake of Tiberias, there must have been a vast number of both fighting-boats and pleasure-boats, and boat-building must have been an active trade on its shores.
Shiphi
(abundant), a Simeonite, father of Ziza, a prince of the tribe in the time of Hezekiah. () (B.C. 726.)
Shiphmite The
probably, though not certainly, the native of Shepham. ()
Shiphrah
(brightness), () the name of one of the two midwives of the Hebrews who disobeyed the command of Pharaoh to kill the mule children. vs. () (B.C. 1570.)
Shiphtan
(judicial), father of Kemuel, a prince of the tribe of Ephraim. () (B.C. before 1450.)
Shiramoth
(name of heights , i.e. Jehovah).
1. A Levite of the second degree in the choir formed by David. (,; ) (B.C. 104.)
2. A Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat. () (B.C. 909.)
Shisha
(Jehovah contends), father of Elihoreph and Ahiah, the royal secretaries in the reign of Solomon. () He is apparently the same as Shavsha, who held the same position under David. (B.C. 1000.)
Shishak
king of Egypt, the Sheshonk I. of the monuments, first sovereign of the Bubastite twenty-second dynasty. His reign offers the first determined syncronism of Egyptian and hebrew history. The first year of Shishak would about correspond to the 26th of Solomon (B.C. 989), and the 20th of shishak to the 5th of Rehoboam. Shishak at the beginning of his reign received the fugitive Jeroboam, () and it was probably at the instigation of Jeroboam that he attacked Rehoboam. "He took the fenced cities which [pertained] to Judah, and came to Jerusalem." he exacted all the treasures of his city from Rehoboam, and apparently made him tributary. (,; ) Shishak has left a record of this expedition sculptured on the wall of the great temple of El-Karnak. It is a list of the countries, cities and tribes conquered or ruled by him, or tributary to him.
Shittah Tree, Shittim
(Heb. shittah, the thorny), is without doubt correctly referred to some species of Acacia , of which three or four kinds occur in the Bible lands. The woof of this tree --perhaps the Acacia seyal is more definitely signified --was extensively employed in the construction of the tabernacle. See ,,,. (This tree is sometimes three or four feet in diameter (Tristram). The wood is close-grained and hard, of a fine orange-brown color, and admirably adapted to cabinet work. --ED.) The A. seyal is very common in some parts of the peninsula of Sinai. It yields the well-known substance called gum arabic, which is obtained by incisions in the bark, but it is impossible to say whether the ancient Jews were acquainted with its use. From the tangled thicket into which the stem of this tree expands, Stanley well remarks that hence is to be traced the use of the plural form of the Heb. noun shittim , the singular number occurring once only in the Bible. This acacia must not be confounded with the tree (Robinia pseudo-acacia) popularly known by this name in England, which is a North American plant, and belongs to a different genus and suborder. The true acacias belong to the order Leguminosae , sub-order Mimoseae .
Shittim
(the acacias), the place of Israel’s encampment between the conquest of the transjordanic highlands and the passage of the Jordan. (; ; ; ; ) Its full name appears to be given in the first of these passage --Abel has-Shittim, "the meadow, or moist place, of the acacias." it was "in the Arboth-moab, by Jordan-Jericho," (; ; ; ,49 That is to say, it was in the Arabah or Jordan valley, opposite Jericho.
Shiza
(splendor), a Reubenite, father of Adina, () one of David’s warriors. (B.C. 1043.)
Shoa
(rich), a proper name which occurs only in () in connection with Pekod and Koa. The three apparently designate districts of Assyria with which the southern kingdom of Judah has been intimately connected, and which were to be arrayed against it for punishment.
Shobab
(rebellious).
1. Son of David by Bath-sheba. (; ; ) (B.C. about 1046.)
2. Apparently the son of Caleb the son of Hezron by his wife Azubah. () (B.C. after 1706.)
Shobach
(expansion), the general of Hadarezer king of the Syrians of Zoba, who was defeated by David. () In () he is called SHOPHACH. (B.C. 1034.)
Shobai
(glorious). The children of Shobai were a family of the door-keepers of the temple, who returned with Zerubbabel. (; ) (B.C. before 536.)
Shobal
(flowing).
1. Second son of Seir the Horite, (; ) and one of the "dukes" of the Horites ()
2. Son of Caleb the son of Hur and founder or prince of Kirjath-jearim. (,) (B.C. about 1445.)
3. In (,) Shobal appears with Hur among the sons of Judah. He is possibly the same as the preceding.
Shobek
(free), one of the heads of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah. () (B.C. 446.)
Shobi
(glorious) son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon. () He was one of the first to meet David at Mahanaim on his flight from Absalom. (B.C. 1023.)
Shocho
() one of the four varieties of the name Socoh.
Shochoh
() same as Socoh.
Shoco
() a variation in the Authorized Version of the name Socoh.
Shoe
[SANDAL]
Shoham
(onyx), a Merarite Levite, son of Jaaziah. () (B.C.1043.)
Shomer
(keeper).
1. An Asherite, () also called Shamer. ver. ()
2. The father (mother ?) of Jehozabad who slew King Joash. () In the parallel passage in () the name is converted into the feminine form Shimrith, who is further described as a Moabitess. [SHIMRITH] (B.C. 839.)
Shophach
(expansion), Shobach, the general of Hadarezer. (,) (B.C. 1034.)
Shophan
(bareness), one of the fortified towns on the east of Jordan which were taken possession of and rebuilt by the tribe of Gad. ()
Shoshannim
(lilies). "To the chief musician upon Shoshannim" is a musical direction to the leader of the temple choir which occurs in (; ) and most probably indicates the melody "after" or "in the manner of" (Authorized Version upon") which the psalms were to be sung. Shoshannim-eduth occurs in the same way in the title of () ... As the words now stand they signify "lilies, a testimony," and the two are separated by a large distinctive accent. In themselves they have no meaning in the present text, and must therefore be regarded as probably a fragment of the beginning of an older psalm with which the choir were familiar.
Shuah
(wealth).
1. Son of Abraham by Keturah. (; ).) (B.C. before 1820.)
2. Properly Shuchah brother of Chelub. ()
3. The father of Judah’s wife, (,) called also Shua in the Authorized Version. (B.C. before 1725.)
Shual
(a jackal), son of Zophah, an Asherite. () (B.C. after 1445.)
Shual, The Land Of
a district named in () only. It is pretty certain from the passage that it lay north of Michmash. If therefore it be identical with the "land of Shalim" () --as is not impossible --we have the first and only clue yet obtained to Saul’s journey in quest of the asses. The name Shual has not yet been identified.
Shubael
1. Shebuel the son of Gershon. ()
2. Shebuel the son of Heman the minstrel. ()
Shuham
(pit-digger) son of Dan and ancestor of the Shuhamites. ()
Shuhamites, The
[SHUHAM]
Shuhite
(decendant of Shuah). This ethnic appellative "Shuhite" is frequent in the book of Job, but only as the apithet of one person, Bildad The local indications of this book point to a region on the western side of Chaldea, bordering on Arabia; and exactly in this locality, above Hit and on both sides of the Euphrates, are found, in the Assyrian inscriptions, the Tsahi , a powerful people. It is probable that these were the Shuhites.
Shulamite, The
one of the personages in the poem of Solomon’s (Solomon 6:13) The name denotes a woman belonging to a place called Shulem, which is probably the same as Shunem. [SHUNEM] If, then, Shulamite and Shunammite are equivalent, we may conjecture that the Shunammite who was the object of Solomon’s passion was Abishag, the most lovely girl of her day, and at the time of David’s death the most prominent person at Jerusalem.
Shumathites, The
one of the four families who sprang from Kirjath-jearim. ()
Shunammite, The
i.e. the native of Shunem , is applied to two persons: Abishag, the nurse of King David, (,; ,,) and the nameless hostess of Elisha. (,; 36)
Shunem
(double resting-place), one of the cities allotted to the tribe of Issachar. () It is mentioned on two occasions -- (; ) It was besides the native place of Abishag. () It is mentioned by Eusebius as five miles south of Mount Tabor, and then known us Sulem. This agrees with the position of the present Solam , a village three miles north of Jezreel and five from Gilboa.
Shuni
(fortunate), son of Gad, and founder of the family of the Shunites. (; ) (B.C. 1706.)
Shunites, The
the descendants of Shuni.
Shupham
[SHUPPIM]
Shuphamites, The
the descendants of Shupham or Shephupham, the Benjamite. ()
Shuppim
(serpents). In the genealogy of Benjamin "Shuppim and Huppim, the children of Ir," are reckoned in () It is the same as Iri the son of Bela the son of Benjamin, so that Shuppim was the great-grandson of Benjamin.
Shur
(a wall), a place just without the eastern border of Egypt. Shur is first mentioned in the narrative of Haggar’s flight from Sarah. () Abraham afterward "dwelled between Kadesh and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar." () It is also called Ethami. The wilderness of Shur was entered in the Israelites after they had crossed the Red Sea. (,) It was also called the wilderness of Etham. () Shur may have been a territory town east of the ancient head of the Red Sea; and from its being spoken of as a limit, it was probably the last Arabian town before entering Egypt.
William Smith, A Dictionary of the Bible (1884 edition). Public domain. Text from the CrossWire Bible Society.