Erroneous – Ethel

Erroneous

ERRO'NEOUS, adjective [Latin erroneus, from erro, to err.]

1. Wandering; roving; unsettled.

They roam

Erroneous and disconsolate.

2. Deviating; devious; irregular; wandering from the right course.

Erroneous circulation of blood.

[The foregoing applications of the word are less common.]

3. Mistaking; misled; deviating, by mistake, from the truth. Destroy not the erroneous with the malicious.

4. Wrong; false; mistaken; not conformable to truth; erring from truth or justice; as an erroneous opinion or judgment.

Erroneously

ERRO'NEOUSLY, adverb By mistake; not rightly; falsely.

Erroneousness

ERRO'NEOUSNESS, noun The state of being erroneous, wrong or false; deviation from right; inconformity to truth; as the erroneousness of a judgement or proposition.

Error

ER'ROR, noun [Latin error from erro, to wander.] A wandering or deviation from the truth; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or believe what is not true. error may be voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary, when men neglect or pervert the proper means to inform the mind; involuntary, when the means of judging correctly are not in their power. An error committed through carelessness or haste is a blunder.

Charge home upon error its most tremendous consequences.

1. A mistake made in writing or other performance. It is no easy task to correct the errors of the press. Authors sometimes charge their own errors to the printer.

2. A wandering; excursion; irregular course.

Driv'n by the winds and errors of the sea.

[This sense is unusual and hardly legitimate.]

3. Deviation from law, justice or right; oversight; mistake in conduct.

Say not, it was an error Ecclesiastes 5:6.

4. In scripture and theology, sin; iniquity; transgression.

Who can understand his errors? Cleanse thou me from secret faults. Psalms 19:12.

5. In law, a mistake in pleading or in judgment. A writ of error is a writ founded on an alleged error in judgment, which carries the suit to another tribunal for redress. Hence the following verb,

ER'ROR, verb transitive To determine a judgment of court to be erroneous.

[The use of this verb is not well authorized.]

Erse

ERSE, noun The language of the descendants of the Gaels or Celts, in the highlands of Scotland.

Erst

ERST, adverb [See Ere.]

1. First; at first; at the beginning.

2. Once; formerly; long ago.

3. Before; till then or now; hitherto.

[This word is obsolete, except in poetry.]

Erstwhile

ERSTWHILE, adverb Till then or now; formerly.

Erubescence

ERUBES'CENCE, noun [Latin erubescens, erubesco, from rubeo, to be red.]

A becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of any thing; a blushing.

Erubescent

ERUBES'CENT, adjective Red, or reddish; blushing.

Eruct

ERUCT'

ERUCT'ATE, verb transitive [Latin eructo, ructor, coinciding in elements with Heb. to spit.]

To belch; to eject from the stomach, as wind. [Little used.]

Eructate

ERUCT'ATE, v.t. [L. eructo, ructor, coinciding in elements with Heb. to spit.]

To belch; to eject from the stomach, as wind. [Little used.]

Eructation

ERUCTA'TION, noun [Latin eructatio.] The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.

1. A violent bursting forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth.

Erudite

ER'UDITE, adjective [Latin eruditus, from erudio, to instruct.

Instructed; taught; learned.

Erudition

ERUDI'TION, noun Learning; knowledge gained by study, or from books and instruction; particularly, learning in literature, as distinct from the sciences, as in history, antiquity and languages. The Scaligers were men of deep erudition

The most useful erudition for republicans is that which exposes the causes of discords.

Eruginous

ERU'GINOUS, adjective [Latin aeruginosus, from aerugo, rust.]

Partaking of the substance or nature of copper or the rust of copper; resembling rust.

Erupt

ERUPT', verb intransitive To burst forth. [Not used.]

Eruption

ERUP'TION, noun [Latin eruptio, from erumpo, erupi; e and rumpo, for rupo.

1. The act of breaking or bursting forth from inclosure or confinement; a violent emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from a volcano. The eruptions of Hecla in 1783, were extraordinary for the quantity of lava discharged.

2. A sudden or violent rushing forth of men or troops for invasion; sudden excursion.

Incensed at such eruption bold.

3. A burst of voice; violent exclamation. [Little [used.]

4. In medical science, a breaking out of humors; a copious excretion of humors on the skin, in pustules; also, an efflorescence or redness on the skin, as in scarlatina; exanthemata; petechiae; vibices; as in small pox, measles and fevers.

Eruptive

ERUP'TIVE, adjective Bursting forth.

The sudden glance

Appears far south eruptive through the cloud.

1. Attended with eruptions or efflorescence, or producing it; as an eruptive fever.

Eryngo

ERYN'GO, noun [Gr.] The sea-holly, Eryngium, a genus of plants of several species. The flowers are collected in a round head; the receptacle is paleaceous or chaffy. The young shoots are esculent.

Erysipelas

ERYSIP'ELAS, noun [Gr.] A disease called St.Anthony's fire; a diffused inflammation with fever of two or three days, generally with coma or delirium; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor, on some part of the body, but chiefly on the face. One species of erysipelas is called shingles, or eruption with small vesicles.

Erysipelatous

ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, adjective Eruptive; resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.

Escalade

ESCALA'DE, noun [Latin scala, a ladder. See Scale.] In the military art, a furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.

Sin enters, not by escalade but by cunning or treachery.

ESCALA'DE, verb transitive To scale; to mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; as, to escalade a wall.

Escalop

ESCAL'OP, noun skal'lup. A family of bivalvular shell-fish, whose shell is regularly indented. In the center of the top of the shell is a trigonal sinus with an elastic cartilage for its hinge.

1. A regular curving indenture in the margin of any thing. [See Scallop and Scollop.]

Escapade

ESCAPA'DE, noun The fling of a horse. In Spanish, flight, escape.

Escape

ESCA'PE, verb transitive [Latin capio, with a negative prefix, or from a word of the same family.]

1. To flee from and avoid; to get out of the way; to shun; to obtain security from; to pass without harm; as, to escape danger.

A small number, that escape the sword, shall return. Jeremiah 44:14.

Having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. 2 Peter 1:4.

2. To pass unobserved; to evade; as, the fact escaped my notice or observation.

3. To avoid the danger of; as, to escape the sea. Acts 28:1.

Note. This verb is properly intransitive, and in strictness should be followed by from; but usage sanctions the omission of it.

ESCA'PE, verb intransitive To flee, shun and be secure from danger; to avoid an evil.

Escape for thy life to the mountains. Genesis 19:17.

1. To be passed without harm. The balls whistled by me, my comrades fell, but I escaped.

ESCA'PE, noun Flight to shun danger or injury; the act of fleeing from danger.

I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Psalms 55:8.

1. A being passed without receiving injury, as when danger comes near a person, but passes by, and the person is passive. Every soldier who survives a battle has had such an escape

2. Excuse; subterfuge; evasion.

3. In law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the sheriff, without due course of law. Escapes are voluntary or involuntary; voluntary, when an officer permits an offender or debtor to quit his custody, without warrant; and involuntary, or negligent, when an arrested person quits the custody of the officer against his will, and is not pursued forthwith and retaken before the pursuer hath lost sight of him.

4. Sally; flight; irregularity. [Little used.]

5. Oversight; mistake. [Little used, or improper.]

Escapement

ESCA'PEMENT, noun That part of a clock or watch, which regulates its movements, and prevents their acceleration.

Escaping

ESCA'PING, participle present tense Fleeing from and avoiding danger or evil; being passed unobserved or unhurt; shunning; evading; securing safety; quitting the custody of the law, without warrant.

ESCA'PING, noun Avoidance of danger. Ezra 9:14.

Escargatoire

ESC'ARGATOIRE, noun A nursery of snails.

Escarp

ESC'ARP, verb transitive To slope; to form a slope; a military term.

Escarpment

ESC'ARPMENT, noun A slope; a steep descent or declivity.

Eschalot

ESCHALOT, noun shallo'te. A species of small onion or garlic, belonging to the genus Allium; the ascalonicum.

Eschar

ES'CHAR, noun [Gr.] In surgery, the crust or scab occasioned by burns or caustic applications.

1. A species of Coralline, resembling a net or woven cloth.

Escharotic

ESCHAROT'IC, adjective Caustic; having the power of searing or destroying the flesh.

ESCHAROT'IC, noun A caustic application; a medicine which sears or destroys flesh.

Escheat

ESCHE'AT, noun [Latin cado, cadere.]

1. Any land or tenements which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, through failure of heirs. It is the determination of the tenure or dissolution of the mutual bond between the lord and tenant, from the extinction of the blood of the tenant, by death or natural means, or by civil means, as forfeiture or corruption of blood.

2. In the U. States, the falling or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner is found.

3. The place or circuit within which the king or lord is entitled to escheats.

4. A writ to recover escheats from the person in possession.

5. The lands which fall to the lord or state by escheat

6. In Scots law, the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a rebel.

ESCHE'AT, verb intransitive In England, to revert, as land, to the lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood of the tenant.

1. In America, to fall or come, as land, to the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeiture for treason. In the feudal sense, no escheat can exist in the United States; but the word is used in statutes confiscating the estates of those who abandoned their country, during the revolution, and in statutes giving to the state the lands for which no owner can be found.

ESCHE'AT, verb transitive To forfeit. [Not used.]

Escheatable

ESCHE'ATABLE, adjective Liable to escheat.

Escheatage

ESCHE'ATAGE, noun The right of succeeding to an escheat.

Escheated

ESCHE'ATED, participle passive Having fallen to the lord through want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by forfeiture.

Escheating

ESCHE'ATING, participle present tense Reverting to the lord through failure of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by forfeiture.

Escheator

ESCHE'ATOR, noun An officer who observes the escheats of the king in the county whereof he is escheator and certifies them into the treasury.

Eschew

ESCHEW', verb transitive To flee from; to shun; to avoid.

He who obeys, destruction shall eschew

Job--feared God and eschewed evil. Job 1:8.

Eschewed

ESCHEW'ED, participle passive Shunned; avoided.

Eschewing

ESCHEW'ING, participle present tense Shunning; avoiding. [This word is nearly obsolete, or at least little used.]

Escocheon

ESCO'CHEON, noun The shield of the family.

Escort

ES'CORT, noun A guard; a body of armed men which attends an officer, or baggage; provisions or munitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect them from an enemy, or in general, for security. [This word is rarely, and never properly used for naval protection or protectors; the latter we call a convoy. I have found it applied to naval protection, but it is unusual.]

ESCORT', verb transitive To attend and guard on a journey by land; to attend and guard any thing conveyed by land. General Washington arrived at Boston, escorted by a detachment of dragoons. The guards escorted Lord Wellington to London.

Escorted

ESCORT'ED, participle passive Attended and guarded by land.

Escorting

ESCORT'ING, participle present tense Attending and guarding by land.

Escot

ESCOT. [See Scot.]

Escouade

ESCOUADE. [See Squad.]

Escout

ESCOUT. [See Scout.]

Escritoir

ESCRITO'IR, noun [Latin scribo; Eng. to scrape.] A box with instruments and conveniences for writing; sometimes, a desk or chest of drawers with an apartment for the instruments of writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir.

Escrow

ES'CROW, noun In law, a deed of lands or tenements delivered to a third person, to hold till some condition is performed by the grantee, and which is not to take effect till the condition is performed. It is then to be delivered to the grantee.

Escuage

ES'CUAGE, noun [Latin scutum, a shield.] In feudal law, service of the shield, called also scutage; a species of tenure by knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war; afterwards exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction.

Esculapian

ESCULA'PIAN, adjective [from Aesculapius, the physician.]

Medical; pertaining to the healing art.

Esculent

ES'CULENT, adjective [Latin esculentus, from esca, food.] Eatable; that is or may be used by man for food; as esculent plants; esculent fish.

ES'CULENT, noun Something that is eatable; that which is or may be safely eaten by man.

Escurial

ESCU'RIAL, noun The palace or residence of the King of Spain, about 15 miles North West of Madrid. This is the largest and most superb structure in the kingdom, and one of the most splendid in Europe. It is built in a dry barren spot, and the name itself is said to signify a place full of rocks.

The escurial is a famous monastery built by Philip II in the shape of a gridiron, in honor of St. Laurence. It takes its name from a village near Madrid. It contains the king's palace, St. Laurence's church, the monastery of Jerenomites, and the free schools.

Escutcheon

ESCUTCH'EON, noun [Latin scutum, a shield.] The shield on which a coat of arms is represented; the shield of a family; the picture of ensigns armorial.

Escutcheoned

ESCUTCH'EONED, adjective Having a coat of arms or ensign.

Esloin

ESLOIN', verb transitive To remove. [Not in use.]

Esophagotomy

ESOPHAGOT'OMY, noun [esophagus and a cutting.] In surgery, the operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage.

Esophagus

ESOPH'AGUS, noun [Gr.] The gullet; the canal through which food and drink pass to the stomach.

Esopian

ESO'PIAN, adjective [from Aesop.] Pertaining to AEsop; composed by him or in his manner.

Esoteric

ESOT'ERIC, adjective [Gr. interior, from within.] Private; an epithet applied to the private instructions and doctrines of Pythagoras; opposed to exoteric, or public.

Esotery

ESOT'ERY, noun Mystery; secrecy. [Little used.]

Espalier

ESPAL'IER, noun [Latin palus, a stake or pole.] A row of trees planted about a garden or in hedges, so as to inclose quarters or separate parts, and trained up to a lattice of wood-work, or fastened to stakes, forming a close hedge or shelter to protect plants against injuries from wind or weather.

ESPAL'IER, verb transitive To form an espalier or to protect by an espalier

Espand

ESPAND', verb intransitive To open; to spread. Flowers expand in spring.

1. To dilate; to extend in bulk or surface. Metals expand by heat. A lake expands, when swelled by rains.

2. To enlarge; as, the heart expands with joy.

Esparcet

ESPAR'CET, noun A kind of sainfoin.

Especial

ESPE'CIAL, adjective [Latin specialis, from specio, to see, species, kind.]

Principal; chief; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree.

Especially

ESPE'CIALLY, adverb Principally; chiefly; particularly; in an uncommon degree; in reference to one person or thing in particular.

Especialness

ESPE'CIALNESS, noun The state of being especial.

Esperance

ES'PERANCE, noun [Latin spero, to hope.] Hope. [Not English.]

Espial

ESPI'AL, noun [See Spy.] A spy; the act of espying.

Espinel

ES'PINEL, noun A kind or ruby. [See Spinel.]

Espionage

ES'PIONAGE, noun The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others and attempting to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; the practice of watching others without being suspected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made.

Esplanade

ESPLANA'DE, noun [Latin planus, plain.]

1. In fortification, the glacis of the counter scarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the covered-way towards the country; or the void space between the glacis of a citadel, and the first houses of the town.

2. In gardening, a grass-plat.

Espousal

ESPOUS'AL, adjective espouz'al. [See Espouse.] Used in or relating to the act of espousing or betrothing.

ESPOUS'AL, noun The act of espousing or betrothing.

1. Adoption; protection.

Espousals

ESPOUS'ALS, noun plural The act of contracting or affiancing a man and woman to each other; a contract or mutual promise of marriage.

I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thine espousals

Espouse

ESPOUSE, verb transitive espouz'. [Latin spondeo, sponsus, the letter n, in the latter, must be casual, or the modern languages have lost the letter. The former is most probable; in which case, spondeo was primarily spodeo, sposus.]

1. To betroth.

When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph. Matthew 1:18.

2. To betroth; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in writing, or by some pledge; as, the king espoused his daughter to a foreign prince. Usually and properly followed by to, rather than with.

3. To marry; to wed.

4. To unite intimately or indissolubly.

I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ. 2 Corinthians 11:2.

5. To embrace; to take to one's self, with a view to maintain; as, to espouse the quarrel of another; to espouse a cause.

Espoused

ESPOUS'ED, participle passive Betrothed; affianced; promised in marriage by contract; married; united intimately; embraced.

Espouser

ESPOUS'ER, noun One who espouses; one who defends the cause of another.

Espousing

ESPOUS'ING, participle present tense Betrothing; promising in marriage by covenant; marrying; uniting indissolubly; taking part in.

Espy

ESPY', verb intransitive [Latin specio.]

1. To see at a distance; to have the first sight of a thing remove. Seamen espy land as they approach it.

2. To see or discover something intended to be hid, or in a degree concealed and not very visible; as, to espy a man in a crowd, or a thief in a wood.

3. To discover unexpectedly.

As one of them opened his sack, he espied his money. Genesis 42:27.

4. To inspect narrowly; to examine and make discoveries.

Moses sent me to espy out the land, and I brought him word again. Joshua 14:7.

ESPY', verb intransitive To look narrowly; to look about; to watch.

Stand by the way and espy Jeremiah 48:19.

[This word is often pronounced spy, which see.]

ESPY', noun A spy; a scout.

Esquire

ESQUI'RE, noun [Latin scutum, a shield; Gr. a hide, of which shields were anciently made.], a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, scutifer; an attendant on a knight. Hence in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below a knight. In England, this title is given to the younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king's courts and of the household, to counselors at law, justices of the peace, while in commission, sheriffs, and other gentlemen. In the United States, the title is given to public officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices and attorneys. Indeed the title, in addressing letters, is bestowed on any person at pleasure, and contains no definite description. It is merely an expression or respect.

ESQUI'RE, verb transitive To attend; to wait on.

Essay

ESSA'Y, verb transitive [Latin sequor. See Seek. The radical sense is to press, drive, urge, strain, strive.]

1. To try; to attempt; to endeavor; to exert one's power or faculties, or to make an effort to perform any thing.

While I this unexampled task essay

2. To make experiment of.

3. To try the value and purity of metals. In this application, the word is now more generally written assay, which see.

ES'SAY, noun A trial; attempt; endeavor; an effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of any thing. We say, to make an essay

Fruitless our hopes, though pious our essays.

1. In literature, a composition intended to prove or illustrate a particular subject; usually shorter and less methodical and finished than a system; as an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils; an essay on commerce.

2. A trial or experiment; as, this is the first essay

3. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities of a metal.

[In this sense, see Assay.]

4. First taste of any thing.

Essayed

ESSA'YED, participle passive Attempted; tried.

Essayer

ESSA'YER, noun One who writes essays.

Essaying

ESSA'YING, participle present tense Trying; making an effort; attempting.

Essayist

ESSA'YIST, noun A writer of an essay, or of essays.

Essence

ES'SENCE, noun [Latin essentia, esse, to be.]

1. That which constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others.

Mr. Locke makes a distinction between nominal essence and real essence The nominal essence for example, of gold, is that complex idea expressed by gold; the real essence is the constitution of its insensible parts, on which its properties depend, which is unknown to us.

The essence of God bears no relation to place.

2. Formal existence; that which makes any thing to be what it is; or rather, the peculiar nature of a thing; the very substance; as the essence of christianity.

3. Existence; the quality of being.

I could have resigned my very essence

4. A being; an existent person; as heavenly essences.

5. Species of being.

6. Constituent substance; as the pure essence of a spirit. [Locke's real essence supra.]

7. The predominant qualities or virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined or rectified from grosser matter; or more strictly, a volatile essential oil; as the essence of mint.

8. Perfume, odor, scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume.

Nor let th' imprisoned essences exhale.

ES'SENCE, verb transitive To perfume; to scent.

Essenced

ES'SENCED, participle passive Perfumed; as essenced fops.

Essenes

ESSE'NES, noun Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.

Essential

ESSEN'TIAL, adjective [Latin essentialis.] Necessary to the constitution or existence of a thing. Piety and good works are essential to the christian character. Figure and extension are essential properties of bodies.

And if each system in gradation roll,

Alike essential to the amazing whole--

1. Important in the highest degree.

Judgment is more essential to a general than courage.

2. Pure; highly rectified. essential oils are such as are drawn from plants by distillation in an alembic with water, as distinguished from empyreumatic oils, which are raised by a naked fire without water.

ESSEN'TIAL, noun Existence; being. [Little used.]

1. First or constituent principles; as the essentials of religion.

2. The chief point; that which is most important.

Essentiality

ESSENTIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being essential; first or constituent principles.

Essentially

ESSEN'TIALLY, adverb By the constitution of nature; in essence; as, minerals and plants are essentially different.

1. In an important degree; in effect. The two statements differ, but not essentially

Essentiate

ESSEN'TIATE, verb intransitive To become of the same essence.

ESSEN'TIATE, verb transitive To form or constitute the essence or being of.

Essoin

ESSOIN', noun [Law Latin exonia, sonium.]

1. An excuse; the alleging of an excuse for him who is summoned to appear in court and answer, and who neglects to appear at the day. In England, the three first days of a term are called essoin-days, as three days are allowed for the appearance of suitors.

2. Excuse; exemption.

3. He that is excused for non-appearance in court, at the day appointed.

ESSOIN', verb transitive To allow an excuse for non-appearance in court; to excuse for absence.

Essoiner

ESSOIN'ER, noun An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.

Establish

ESTAB'LISH, verb transitive [Latin stabilio; Heb. to set, fix, establish ]

1. To set and fix firmly or unalterably; to settle permanently.

I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant. Genesis 17:7.

2. To found permanently; to erect and fix or settle; as, to establish a colony or an empire.

3. To enact or decree by authority and for permanence; to ordain; to appoint; as, to establish laws, regulations, institutions, rules, ordinances, etc.

4. To settle or fix; to confirm; as, to establish a person, society or corporation, in possessions or privileges.

5. To make firm; to confirm; to ratify what has been previously set or made.

Do we then make void the law through faith?

God forbid; yea, we establish the law. Romans 3:31.

6. To settle or fix what is wavering, doubtful or weak; to confirm.

So were the churches established in the faith. Acts 16:5.

To the end he may establish your hearts unblamable in

holiness. l Thess.3.

7. To confirm; to fulfill; to make good.

Establish thy word to thy servant. Psalms 119:90

8. To set up in the place of another and confirm.

Who go about to establish their own righteousness. Romans 10:3.

Established

ESTAB'LISHED, participle passive Set; fixed firmly; founded; ordained; enacted; ratified; confirmed.

Establisher

ESTAB'LISHER, noun He who establishes, ordains or confirms.

Establishing

ESTAB'LISHING, participle present tense Fixing; settling permanently; founding; ratifying; confirming; ordaining.

Establishment

ESTAB'LISHMENT, noun The act of establishing, founding, ratifying or ordaining.

1. Settlement; ; fixed state.

2. Confirmation; ratification of what has been settled or made.

3. Settled regulation; form; ordinance; system of laws; constitution of government.

Bring in that establishment by which all men should be contained in duty.

4. Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence; income; salary.

His excellency--might gradually lessen your establishment

5. That which is fixed or established; as a permanent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government, an agency, a factory, etc. The king has establishments to support, in the four quarters of the globe.

6. The episcopal form of religion, so called in England.

7. Settlement or final rest.

We set up our hopes and establishment here.

Estafet

ESTAFET', noun A military courier. [See Staff.]

Estate

ESTA'TE, noun [Latin status, from sto, to stand. The roots stb, std and stg, have nearly the same signification, to set, to fix. It is probable that the Latin sto is contracted from stad, as it forms steti.

1. In a general sense, fixedness; a fixed condition; now generally written and pronounced state.

She cast us headlong from our high estate

2. Condition or circumstances of any person or thing, whether high or low. Luke 1:48.

3. Rank; quality.

Who hath not heard of the greatness of your estate?

4. In law, the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, tenements, or other effects. Estates are real or personal. Real estate consists in lands or freeholds, which descent to heirs; personal estate consists in chattels or movables, which go to executors and administrators. There are also estates for life, for years, at will, etc.

5. Fortune; possessions; property in general. He is a man of a great estate He left his estate unincumbered.

6. The general business or interest of government; hence, a political body; a commonwealth; a republic. But in this sense, we now use State.

Estates, in the plural, dominions; possessions of a prince.

1. Orders or classes of men in society or government. Herod made a supper for his chief estates. Mark 6:21.

In Great Britain, the estates of the realm are the king, lords and commons; or rather the lords and commons.

ESTA'TE, verb transitive To settle as a fortune. [Little used.]

1. To establish. [Little used.]

Estated

ESTA'TED, participle passive or adjective Possessing an estate.

Esteem

ESTEE'M, verb transitive [Latin estimo; Gr. to honor or esteem ]

1. To set a value on, whether high or low; to estimate; to value.

Then he forsook God who made him, and lightly esteemed the rock of his salvation. Deuteronomy 32:15.

They that despise me shall be lightly esteemed. 1 Samuel 2:30.

2. To prize; to set a high value on; to regard with reverence, respect or friendship. When our minds are not biased, we always esteem the industrious, the generous, the brave, the virtuous, and the learned.

Will he esteem thy riches? Job 36:19.

3. To hold in opinion; to repute; to think.

One man esteemeth one day above another; another esteemeth every day alike. Romans 14:5.

4. To compare in value; to estimate by proportion. [Little used.]

ESTEE'M, noun Estimation; opinion or judgment of merit or demerit. This man is of no worth in my esteem

1. High value or estimation; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth.

Both those poets lived in much esteem with good and holy men in orders.

Esteemable

ESTEE'MABLE, adjective Worthy of esteem; estimable.

Esteemed

ESTEE'MED, participle passive Valued; estimated; highly valued or prized on account of worth; thought; held in opinion.

Esteemer

ESTEE'MER, noun One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.

A proud esteemer of his own parts.

Esteeming

ESTEE'MING, participle present tense Valuing; estimating; valuing highly; prizing; thinking; deeming.

Estimable

ES'TIMABLE, adjective

1. That is capable of being estimated or valued; as estimable damage.

2. Valuable; worth a great price.

A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man,

Is not so estimable or profitable.

3. Worthy of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.

A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable

ES'TIMABLE, noun That which is worthy of regard.

Estimableness

ES'TIMABLENESS, noun The quality of deserving esteem or regard.

Estimate

ES'TIMATE, verb transitive [Latin oestimo. See Esteem.]

1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of; to rate by judgment or opinion, without weighing or measuring either value, degree, extent or quantity. We estimate the value of cloth by inspection, or the extend of a piece of land, or the distance of a mountain. We estimate the worth of a friend by his known qualities. We estimate the merits or talents of two different men by judgment. We estimate profits, loss and damage. Hence,

2. To compute; to calculate; to reckon.

ES'TIMATE, noun A valuing or rating in the mind; a judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quantity of any thing, without ascertaining it. We form estimates of the expenses of a war, of the probable outfits of a voyage, of the comparative strength or merits of two men, of the extent of a kingdom or its population. Hence estimate may be equivalent to calculation, computation, without measuring or weighing.

1. Value.

Estimated

ES'TIMATED, participle passive Valued; rated in opinion or judgment.

Estimating

ES'TIMATING, participle present tense Valuing; rating; forming an opinion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity, or degree of worth of any object; calculating; computing.

Estimation

ESTIMA'TION, noun [Latin oestimatio.] The act of estimating.

1. Calculation; computation; an opinion or judgment of the worth, extent or quantity of any thing, formed without using precise data. We may differ in our estimations of distance, magnitude or amount, and no less in our estimation of moral qualities.

1. Esteem; regard; favorable opinion; honor.

I shall have estimation among the multitude, and honor with the elders.

Estimative

ES'TIMATIVE, adjective Having the power of comparing and adjusting the worth or preference. [Little used.]

1. Imaginative.

Estimator

ES'TIMATOR, noun One who estimates or values.

Estival

ES'TIVAL, adjective [Latin oestivus, from oestas, summer. See Heat.]

Pertaining to summer, or continuing for the summer.

Estivate

ES'TIVATE, verb intransitive To pass the summer.

Estivation

ESTIVA'TION, noun [Latin oestivatio, from oestas, summer, oestivo, to pass the summer.]

1. The act of passing the summer.

2. In botany, the disposition of the petals within the floral gem or bud; Latin convolute, when the petals are rolled together like a scroll; 2. imbricate, when they lie over each other like tiles on a roof; 3. conduplicate, when they are doubled together at the midrib; 4. valvate, when as they are about to expand they are placed like the glumes in grasses.

Estop

ESTOP', verb transitive In law, to impede or bar, by one's own act.

A man shall always be estopped by his own deed, or not permitted to aver or prove any thing in contradiction to what he has once solemnly avowed.

Estopped

ESTOP'PED, participle passive Hindered; barred; precluded by one's own act.

Estoppel

ESTOP'PEL, noun In law, a stop; a plea in bar, grounded on a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes him from averring any thing to the contrary.

If a tenant for years levies a fine to another person, it shall work as an estoppel to the cognizor.

Estopping

ESTOP'PING, participle present tense Impeding; barring by one's own act.

Estovers

ESTO'VERS, noun In law, necessaries, or supplies; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for the use of a tenant; such as sustenance of a felon in prison, and for his family, during his imprisonment; alimony for a woman divorced, out of her husband's estate.

Common of estovers is the liberty of taking the necessary wood for the use or furniture of a house or farm, from another's estate. In Saxon, it is expressed by bote, which signifies more or supply, as house-bote, plow-bote, fire-bote, cart-bote, etc.

Estrade

ESTRA'DE, noun An even or level place.

Estrange

ESTRANGE, verb transitive

1. To keep at a distance; to withdraw; to cease to frequent and be familiar with.

Had we estranged ourselves form them in things indifferent.

I thus estrange my person from her bed.

2. To alienate; to divert from its original use or possessor; to apply to a purpose foreign from its original or customary one.

They have estranged this place, and burnt incense in it to other gods. Jeremiah 19:4.

3. To alienate, as the affections; to turn from kindness to indifference or malevolence.

I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me.

4. To withdraw; to withhold.

We must estrange our belief from what is not clearly evidenced.

Estranged

ESTRANGED, participle passive Withdrawn; withheld; alienated.

Estrangement

ESTRANGEMENT, noun Alienation; a keeping at a distance; removal; voluntary abstraction; as an estrangement of affection.

An estrangement of desires from better things.

Estranging

ESTRANGING, participle present tense Alienating; withdrawing; keeping at or removing to a distance.

Estrapade

ESTRAPA'DE, noun The defense of a horse that will not obey, and which, to get rid of his rider, rises before and yerks furiously with his hind legs.

Estray

ESTRA'Y, verb intransitive To stray. [See Stray.]

ESTRA'Y, noun A tame beast, as a horse, ox or sheep, which is found wandering or without an owner; a beast supposed to have strayed from the power or inclosure of its owner. It is usually written stray.

Estreat

ESTRE'AT, noun [Latin extractum, extraho, to draw out.]

In law, a true copy or duplicate of an original writing, especially of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff or other officer, on every offender.

ESTRE'AT, verb intransitive To extract; to copy.

Estreated

ESTRE'ATED, participle passive Extracted; copied.

Estrepement

ESTRE'PEMENT, noun [Eng. to strip.] In law, spoil; waste; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice of the owner.

Estrich

ES'TRICH, noun The ostrich, which see.

Estuance

ES'TUANCE, noun [Latin oestus.] Heat. [Not in use.]

Estuary

ES'TUARY, noun [Latin oestuarium, from oestuo, to boil or foam, oestus, heat, fury, storm.]

1. An arm of the sea; a frith; a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs.

2. A vapor-bath.

Estuate

ES'TUATE, verb intransitive [Latin oestuo, to boil.] To boil; to swell and rage; to be agitated.

Estuation

ESTUA'TION, noun A boiling; agitation; commotion of a fluid.

Esture

ES'TURE, noun [Latin oestuo.] Violence; commotion. [Not used.]

Esurient

ESU'RIENT, adjective [Latin esuriens, esurio.] Inclined to eat; hungry.

Esurine

ES'URINE, adjective Eating; corroding. [Little used.]

ET CAETERA, and the contraction etc., denote the rest, or others of the kind; and so on; and so forth.

Etch

ETCH, verb transitive

1. To make prints on copper-plate by means of lines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten or corroded by nitric acid. The plate is first covered with a proper varnish or ground, which is capable of resisting the acid, and the ground is then scored or scratched by a needle or similar instrument, in the places where the hatchings or engravings are intended to be; the plate is then covered with nitric acid, which corrodes or eats the metal in the lines thus laid bare.

2. To sketch; to delineate. [Not in use.]

Etched

ETCH'ED, participle passive Marked and corroded by nitric acid.

Etching

ETCH'ING, participle present tense Marking or making prints with nitric acid.

ETCH'ING, noun The impression taken from an etched copper-plate.

Eteostic

ETEOS'TIC, noun [Gr. true, and a verse.]

A chronogrammatical composition.

Eter

BAROM, 'ETER, noun [Gr.weight, and measure.]

An instrument for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, consisting of a glass tube, hermetically sealed at one end, filled with quicksilver, well defecated and purged of air, and inverted in a basin of quicksilver. A column of quicksilver is then supported in the tube, of equal weight with the incumbent

atmosphere. This instrument was invented by Torricelli, of Florence, in 1643. Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to determine the altitude of mountains, by the falling and rising of the mercury. For this purpose, the tube is fixed to a graduated scale, so that the smallest variation in the column is visible.

Etern

ETERN', adjective Eternal; perpetual; endless. [Not used.]

Eternal

ETER'NAL, adjective [Latin oeternus, composed of oevum and ternus, oeviternus, Varro. The origin of the last component part of the word is not obvious. It occurs in diuturnus, and seems to denote continuance.]

1. Without beginning or end of existence.

The eternal God is thy refuge. Deuteronomy 33:27.

2. Without beginning of existence.

To know whether there is any real being, whose duration has been eternal

3. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal.

That they may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 2 Timothy 2:10.

What shall I do, that I may have eternal life? Matthew 19:16.

Suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude 1:7.

4. Perpetual; ceaseless; continued without intermission.

And fires eternal in thy temple shine.

5. Unchangeable; existing at all times without change; as eternal truth.

ETER'NAL, noun An appellation of God.

Eternalist

ETER'NALIST, noun One who holds the past existence of the world to be infinite.

Eternalize

ETER'NALIZE, verb transitive To make eternal; to give endless duration to. [We now use eternize.]

Eternally

ETER'NALLY, adverb Without beginning or end of duration, or without end only.

1. Unchangeably; invariably; at all times.

That which is morally good must be eternally and unchangeably so.

2. Perpetually; without intermission; at all times.

Where western gales eternally reside.

Eternity

ETER'NITY, noun [Latin oeternitas.] Duration or continuance without beginning or end.

By repeating the idea of any length of duration, with the endless addition of number, we come by the idea of eternity

The high and lofty one who inhabiteth eternity Isaiah 57:15.

We speak of eternal duration preceding the present time. God has existed from eternity We also speak of endless or everlasting duration in future, and dating from present time or the present state of things. Some men doubt the eternity of future punishment, though they have less difficulty in admitting the eternity of future rewards.

Eternize

ETER'NIZE, verb transitive [Low Latin oeterno.]

1. To make endless.

2. To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely; to perpetuate; as, to eternize woe.

So we say, to eternize fame or glory.

3. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize a name; to eternize exploits.

Eternized

ETER'NIZED, participle passive Made endless; immortalized.

Eternizing

ETER'NIZING, participle present tense Giving endless duration to; immortalizing.

Etesian

ETE'SIAN, adjective ete'zhan. [Latin etesius; Gr. a year.]

Stated; blowing at stated times of the year; periodical. etesian winds are yearly or anniversary winds, answering to the monsoons of the East Indies. The wind is applied, in Greek and Roman writers, to the periodical winds in the Mediterranean, from whatever quarter they blow.

Ethe

ETHE, adjective Easy.

Ethel

E'THEL, adjective Noble.