Joinder – Justifiableness

Joinder

JOIN'DER, noun A joining; as a joinder in demurrer.

Joined

JOIN'ED, participle passive Added; united; set or fastened together; associated; confederated.

Joiner

JOIN'ER, noun One whose occupation is to construct things by joining pieces of wood; but appropriately and usually, a mechanic who does the wood-work in the covering and finishing of buildings. This is the true and original sense of the word in Great Britain and in New England. This person is called in New York, a carpenter. [See Carpenter.

Joinery

JOIN'ERY, noun The art of fitting and joining pieces of timber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building, so as to form one entire piece.

Joinhand

JOIN'HAND, noun Writing in which letters are joined in words; as distinguished from writing in single letters.

Joining

JOIN'ING, participle present tense Adding; making contiguous; uniting; confederating.

Joint

JOINT, noun [Latin junctura. See Join.]

1. The joining of two or more things.

2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones; an articulation; as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle.

3. A knot; the union of two parts of a plant; or the space between two joints; an internode; as the joint of a cane, or of a stalk of maiz.

4. A hinge; a juncture of parts which admits of motion.

5. The place where two pieces of timber are united.

6. In joinery, straight lines are called a joint when two pieces of wood are planed.

7. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the butcher.

Out of joint luxated; dislocated; as when the head of a bone is displaced from its socket. Hence figuratively, confused; disordered; misplaced.

JOINT, adjective Shared by two or more; as joint property.

1. United in the same profession; having an interest in the same thing; as a joint-heir or heiress.

2. United; combined; acting in concert; as a joint force; joint efforts; joint vigor.

JOINT stock, the capital or fund of a company or partnership in business.

JOINT, verb transitive To form with joints or articulations; used mostly in the participle; as the fingers are jointed; a cane has a jointed stalk.

1. To form many parts into one; as jointed wood.

2. To cut or divide into joints or quarters.

Joint-Heir

JOINT'-HEIR, noun [joint and heir.] A heir having a joint interest with another. Romans 8:1.

Joint-Tenancy

JOINT-TEN'ANCY, noun [joint and tenant.] A tenure of estate by unity of interest, title, time and possession.

Joint-Tenant

JOINT-TEN'ANT, noun [joint and tenant.] One who holds an estate by joint-tenancy.

Jointed

JOINT'ED, participle passive Formed with articulations, as the stem of a plant.

1. Separated into joints or quarters.

Jointer

JOINT'ER, noun A long plane, a joiner's utensil.

Jointly

JOINT'LY, adverb Together; unitedly; in concert; with cooperation.

1. With union of interest; as, to be jointly concerned in a voyage.

Jointress

JOINT'RESS, noun A woman who has a jointure.

Jointstool

JOINT'STOOL, noun A stool consisting of parts inserted in each other.

Jointure

JOINT'URE, noun An estate in lands or tenements, settled on a woman in consideration of marriage, and which she is to enjoy after her husband's decease.

JOINT'URE, verb transitive To settle a jointure upon.

Jointured

JOINT'URED, participle passive Endowed with a jointure.

Joist

JOIST, noun A small piece of timber, such as is framed into the girders and summers of a building to support a floor.

JOINT, verb transitive To fit in joists; to lay joists.

Joke

JOKE, noun [Latin jocus.]

1. A jest; something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or sportive; raillery. A jealous person will rarely bear a joke

2. An illusion; something not real, or to no purpose.

Inclose whole downs in walls, 'tis all a joke!

In joke in jest; for the sake of raising a laugh; not in earnest.

JOKE, verb intransitive [Latin jocor.] To jest; to be merry in words or actions.

JOKE, verb transitive To rally; to cast jokes at; to make merry with.

Joker

JO'KER, noun A jester; a merry fellow.

Joking

JO'KING, participle present tense Jesting; making merry with.

Jole

JOLE, noun [sometimes written jowl.]

1. The cheek; used in the phrase, cheek by jole that is, with the cheeks together, close, tete a tete.

2. The head of a fish.

JOLE, verb transitive To strike the head against any thing; to clash with violence. [Not used.]

Jollily

JOL'LILY, adverb [See Jolly.] With noisy mirth; with a disposition to noisy mirth.

Jolliment

JOL'LIMENT, noun Mirth; merriment.

Jolliness

JOL'LINESS

JOL'LITY, noun [from jolly.] Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity.

All was now turned to jollity and game.

1. Elevation of spirit; gayety.

He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel for him who was only worthy to enter into it.

[This word in America is not now applied to respectable company.]

Jollity

JOL'LITY, n. [from jolly.] Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity. All was now turned to jollity and game.1. Elevation of spirit; gayety. He with a proud jollity commanded him to leave that quarrel for him who was only worthy to enter into it. [This word in America is not now applied to respectable company.]

Jolly

JOL'LY, adjective

1. Merry; gay; lively; full of life and mirth; jovial. It expresses more life and noise than cheerful; as a jolly troop of huntsmen.

[It is seldom applied in colloquial usage to respectable company. We rarely say of respectable persons, they are jolly It is applied to the young and the vulgar.]

2. Expressing mirth or inspiring it.

And with his jolly pipe delights the groves.

The coachman is swelled into jolly dimensions by frequent potations of malt liquors.

3. Exciting mirth and gayety; as jolly May.

4. Like one in high health; pretty.

Jolly-Boat

JOL'LY-BOAT, noun A small boat belonging to a ship.

Jolt

JOLT, verb intransitive To shake with short abrupt risings and fallings; as a carriage moving on rough ground. The carriage jolts.

JOLT, verb transitive To shake with sudden jerks, as in a carriage on rough ground, or on a high trotting horse; as the horse or carriage jolts the rider.

JOLT, noun A shock or shake by a sudden jerk, as in a carriage.

Jolter

JOLTER, noun He or that which jolts.

Jolthead

JOLTHEAD, noun A greathead; a dunce; a blockhead.

Jolting

JOLTING, participle present tense Giving sudden jerks or shakes.

Jonquil

JON'QUIL, noun [Latin juncus, a rush.] A plant of the genus Narcissus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers, of various colors, yellow and white.

Jorden

JOR'DEN, noun A vessel for chamber uses.

Joso

JO'SO, noun A small fish of the gudgeon kind.

Jostle

JOS'TLE, verb transitive jos'l. To run against; to push.

Jostled

JOS'TLED, participle passive Run against; pushed. We say, a thing is jostled out of its place.

Jostling

JOS'TLING, participle present tense Running against; pushing.

JOS'TLING, noun A running against; a crowding.

Jot

JOT, noun [ Heb. yod.] An iota; a point; a tittle; the least quantity assignable.

Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one title shall in no wise pass from the law till all shall be fulfilled. Matthew 5:18.

A man may read much, and acquire not a jot of knowledge, or be a jot the wiser.

JOT, verb transitive To set down; to make a memorandum of.

Jotting

JOT'TING, noun A memorandum.

Jouissance

JOUIS'SANCE, noun Jollity; merriment. [Not in use.]

Journal

JOURNAL, noun jur'nal. [Latin diurnum. This was originally an adjective, signifying daily, as in Spenser and Shakespeare; but the adjective is obsolete.]

1. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events; or the book containing such account.

2. Among merchants, a book in which every particular article or charge is fairly entered from the waste book or blotter.

3. In navigation, a daily register of the ship's course and distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences.

4. A paper published daily, or other newspaper; also, the title of a book or pamphlet published at stated times, containing an account of inventions, discoveries and improvements in arts and sciences; as the journal de Savans; the journal of Science.

Journalist

JOURNALIST, noun jur'nalist. The writer of a journal or diary.

Journalize

JOURNALIZE, verb transitive jur'nalize. To enter in a journal.

Journey

JOURNEY, noun jur'ny. [Latin diurnus, dies.]

1. The travel of a day.

2. Travel by land to any distance and for any time, indefinitely; as a journey from London to Paris, or to Rome; a journey to visit a brother; a week's journey; we made two journeys to Philadelphia.

3. Passage form one place to another; as a long journey from the upper regions.

4. It may sometimes include a passing by water.

JOURNEY, verb intransitive jur'ny. To travel form place to place; to pass from home to a distance.

Abram journeyed, going on still towards the south. Genesis 12:9.

Journey-Work

JOUR'NEY-WORK, noun Work done for hire by a mechanic in his proper occupation. [This word is never applied to farming.]

Journeying

JOUR'NEYING, participle present tense Traveling; passing from place to place.

JOUR'NEYING, noun A traveling or passing from one place to another; as the journeyings of the children of Israel.

Journeyman

JOUR'NEYMAN, noun [jounrey and man.] Strictly, a man hired to work by the day, but in fact, any mechanic who is hired to work for another in his employment, whether by the month, year or other term. It is applied only to mechanics in their own occupations.

Joust

JOUST. [See Just.]

Jove

JOVE, noun [Latin Jovis.]

1. The name of the Supreme Deity among the Romans.

2. The planet jupiter.

Or ask of yonder argent fields above.

Why Jove's satellites are less than jove

3. The air or atmosphere, or the god of the air.

And jove descends in showers of kindly rain.

Jovial

JO'VIAL, adjective [from Jove, supra.] Under the influence of Jupiter, the planet.

--The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or jovial according to the colors whereby they answer these planets.

JO'VIAL, adjective

1. Gay; merry; airy; joyous; jolly; as a jovial youth; a jovial throng.

2. Expressive of mirth and hilarity.

His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral, the rest are jovial or bacchanalian.

Jovialist

JO'VIALIST, noun One who lives a jovial life.

Jovially

JO'VIALLY, adverb Merrily; gayly; with noisy mirth.

Jovialness

JO'VIALNESS, noun Noisy mirth; gayety.

Jowl

JOWL, noun The cheek. [See Jole.]

Jowler

JOWL'ER, noun The name of a hunting dog, beagle or other dog.

Jowter

JOW'TER, noun A fish driver.

Joy

JOY, noun

1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; that excitement of pleasurable feelings which is caused by success, good fortune, the gratification of desire or some good possessed, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exultation; exhilaration of spirits.

JOY is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good.

Bring heavenly balm to heal my country's wounds,

JOY to my soul and transport to my lay.

2. Gayety; mirth; festivity.

The roofs with joy resound.

3. Happiness; felicity.

Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy

4. A glorious and triumphant state.

--Who for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross. Hebrews 12:2.

5. The cause of joy or happiness.

For ye are our glory and joy 1 Thessalonians 2:19.

6. A term of fondness; the cause of you.

JOY, verb intransitive To rejoice; to be glad; to exult.

I will joy in the God of my salvation. Habakkuk 3:18.

JOY, verb transitive To give joy to; to congratulate; to entertain kindly.

1. To gladden; to exhilarate.

My soul was joyed in vain.

2. To enjoy; to have or possess with pleasure, or to have pleasure in the possession of. [Little used. See Enjoy.]

Joyance

JOY'ANCE, noun Gayety; festivity.

Joyed

JOY'ED, participle passive Gladdened; enjoyed.

Joyful

JOY'FUL, adjective Full of joy; very glad; exulting.

My soul shall be joyful in my God. Isaiah 61:10.

Rarely, it has of before the cause of joy.

Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.

Joyfully

JOY'FULLY, adverb With joy; gladly.

Never did men more joyfully obey.

Joyfulness

JOY'FULNESS, noun Great gladness; joy. Deuteronomy 28:47.

Joyless

JOY'LESS, adjective Destitute of joy; wanting joy.

With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat.

Rarely followed by of; as joyless of the grove.

1. Giving no joy or pleasure.

A joyless dismal, black and sorrowful issue.

Joylessly

JOY'LESSLY, adverb Without joy.

Joylessness

JOY'LESSNESS, noun State of being joyless.

Joyous

JOY'OUS, adjective Glad; gay; merry; joyful.

Joyous the birds; fresh gales and gentle airs

Whispered it.

1. Giving joy.

They, all as glad as birds of joyous prime--

It has of, before the cause of joy.

And joyous of our conquest early won.

Joyously

JOY'OUSLY, adverb With joy or gladness.

Joyousness

JOY'OUSNESS, noun The state of being joyous.

Jub

JUB, noun A bottle or vessel.

Jubilant

JU'BILANT, adjective [Latin jubilans. See Jubilee.] Uttering songs of

triumph; rejoicing; shouting with joy.

While the bright pomp ascended jubilant

Jubilation

JUBILA'TION, noun [Latin jubilatio. See Jubilee.]

The act of declaring triumph.

Jubilee

JU'BILEE, noun [Latin jubilum, from jubilo, to shout for joy; Heb. the blast of a trumpet, coinciding with Eng. bawl, peal, Latin pello.]

1. Among the Jews, every fiftieth year, being the year following the revolution of seven weeks of years, at which time all the slaves were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period, reverted to their former owners. This

was a time of great rejoicing. Hence,

2. A season of great public joy and festivity.

3. A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants plenary indulgence to sinners, or to as many as visit the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome.

Jucundity

JUCUND'ITY, noun [Latin jucunditas, from jucundus, sweet, pleasant.

Pleasantness; agreeableness. [Little used.]

Judaic

JUDA'IC

JUDA'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the Jews.

Judaically

JUDA'ICALLY, adverb After the Jewish manner.

Judaism

JU'DAISM, noun

1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews, as enjoined

in the laws of Moses. judaism was a temporary dispensation.

2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.

Judaize

JU'DAIZE, verb intransitive To conform to the religious doctrines and rites of the Jews.

They--prevailed on the Galatians to judaize so far as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances.

Judaizer

JU'DAIZER, noun One who conforms to the religion of the Jews.

Judaizing

JU'DAIZING, participle present tense Conforming to the doctrines and rites of the Jews.

Judas-Tree

JU'DAS-TREE, noun A plant of the genus Cercis.

Juddock

JUD'DOCK, noun A small snipe, called also Jack-snipe.

Judge

JUDGE, noun [Latin judex, supposed to be compounded of jus, law or right, and dico, to pronounce.]

1. A civil officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal, between parties, according to his commission; as the judges of the king's bench, or of the common pleas; judges of the supreme court, of district courts, or of a county court. The judge of a court of equity is called a chancellor.

2. The Supreme Being.

Shall not the judge of all the earth do right? Genesis 18:25.

3. One who presides in a court of judicature.

4. One who has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the value of any thing; one who can discern truth and propriety.

A man who is no judge of law, may be a good judge of poetry or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting.

5. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, with civil and military powers. The Israelites were governed by judges more than three hundred years, and the history of their transactions is called the book of Judges.

6. A juryman or juror. In criminal suits, the jurors are judges of the law as well as of the fact.

JUDGE, verb intransitive [Latin judico.]

1. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to distinguish truth from falsehood.

JUDGE not according to the appearance John 7:24.

2. To form an opinion; to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the mind.

If I did not know the originals, I should not be able to judge by the copies, which was Virgil and which Ovid.

3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to pass sentence. He was present on the bench, but could not judge in the case.

The Lord judge between thee and me. Genesis 16:5.

4. To discern; to distinguish; to consider accurately for the purpose of forming an opinion or conclusion.

JUDGE in yourselves; is it comely that a woman pray unto God uncovered? 1 Corinthians 11:13.

JUDGE, verb transitive To hear and determine a case; to examine and decide.

Chaos shall judge the strife.

1. To try; to examine and pass sentence on.

Take ye him and judge him according to your law.

John 18.

God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Ecclesiastes 3:17.

2. Rightly to understand and discern.

He that is spiritual, judgeth all things. 1 Corinthians 2:15.

3. To censure rashly; to pass severe sentence.

JUDGE not, that ye be not judged. Matthew 7:1.

4. To esteem; to think; to reckon.

If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord--

Acts 16:15.

5. To rule or govern.

The Lord shall judge his people. Hebrews 10:30.

6. To doom to punishment; to punish.

I will judge thee according to thy ways. Ezekiel 7:3.

Judged

JUDG'ED, participle passive Heard and determined; tried judicially; sentenced; censured; doomed.

Judger

JUDG'ER, noun One who judges or passes sentence.

Judgeship

JUDGESHIP, noun judj'ship. The office of a judge.

Judging

JUDG'ING, participle present tense Hearing and determining; forming an opinion; dooming.

Judgment

JUDG'MENT, noun The act of judging; the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain truth; or the process of examining facts and arguments, to ascertain propriety and justice; or the process of examining the relations between one proposition and another.

1. The faculty of the mind by which man is enabled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms and propositions; as a man of clear judgment or sound judgment The judgment may be biased by prejudice. judgment supplies the want of certain knowledge.

2. The determination of the mind, formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the comparison of facts and arguments. In the formation of our judgments, we should be careful to weigh and compare all the facts connected with the subject.

3. In law, the sentence of doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge or court by which it is tried. judgment may be rendered on demurrer, on a verdict, on a confession or default, or on a non-suit. judgment though pronounced by the judge or court, is properly the determination or sentence of the law. A pardon may be pleaded in arrest of judgment

4. The right or power of passing sentence.

5. Determination; decision.

Let reason govern us in the formation of our judgment of things proposed to our inquiry.

6. Opinion; notion.

She, in my judgment was as fair as you.

7. In Scripture, the spirit of wisdom and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and wrong, good and evil.

Give the king thy judgments, O God. Psalms 72:2.

8. A remarkable punishment; an extraordinary calamity inflicted by God on sinners.

Judgments are prepared for scorners. Proverbs 19:28. Isaiah 26:8.

9. The spiritual government of the world.

The Father hath committed all judgment to the Son.

John 5:22.

10. The righteous statutes and commandments of God are called his judgments. Psalms 119:66.

11. The doctrines of the gospel, or God's word. Matthew 12:18.

12. Justice and equity. Luke 11:31. Isaiah 1:17.

13. The decrees and purposes of God concerning nations.

Romans 11:33.

14. A court or tribunal. Matthew 5:21.

15. Controversies, or decisions of controversies. 1 Corinthians 6:4.

16. The gospel, or kingdom of grace. Matthew 12:18.

17. The final trial of the human race, when God will decide the fate of every individual, and award sentence according to justice.

For God shall bring every work into judgment with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. Ecclesiastes 12:14.

Judgment of God. Formerly this term was applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, or hot plowshares, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence.

Judgment-Day

JUDG'MENT-DAY, noun The last day, or day when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government.

Judgment-Hall

JUDG'MENT-HALL, noun The hall where courts are held.

Judgment-Seat

JUDG'MENT-SEAT, noun The seat or bench on which judges sit in court.

1. A court; a tribunal.

We shall all stand before the judgment-seat of Christ. Romans 14:1.

Judicative

JU'DICATIVE, adjective Having power to judge.

Judicatory

JU'DICATORY, adjective Dispensing justice.

JU'DICATORY, noun [Latin judicatorium.] A court of justice; a tribunal.

1. Distribution of justice.

Judicature

JU'DICATURE, noun The power of distributing justice by legal trial and determination. A court of judicature is a court invested with powers to administer justice between man and man.

1. A court of justice; a judicatory.

JUDI'CIAL, adjective Pertaining to courts of justice; as judicial power.

1. Practiced in the distribution of justice; as judicial proceedings.

2. Proceeding from a court of justice; as a judicial determination.

3. Issued by a court under its seal; as a judicial writ.

4. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment; as judicial hardness of heart; a judicial punishment.

Judicially

JUDI'CIALLY, adverb In the forms of legal justice; as a sentence judicially declared.

1. By way of penalty or judgment; as, to be judicially punished.

Judiciary

JUDI'CIARY noun [Latin judiciarius.]

1. Passing judgment or sentence.

2. Pertaining to the courts of judicature or legal tribunals.

JUDI'CIARY, noun That branch of government which is concerned in the trial and determination of controversies between parties, and of criminal prosecutions; the system of courts of justice in a government. An independent judiciary is the firmest bulwark of freedom.

Judicious

JUDI'CIOUS, adjective

1. According to sound judgment; wise; prudent; rational; adapted to obtain a good end by the best means; used of things. Nothing is more important to success in the world than a judicious application of time, unless it may be a judicious expenditure of money.

2. Acting according to sound judgment; possessing sound judgment; wise; directed by reason and wisdom; used of persons; as a judicious magistrate; a judicious historian.

Judiciously

JUDI'CIOUSLY, adverb With good judgment; with discretion or wisdom; skillfully.

Longinus has judiciously preferred the sublime genius that sometimes errs, to the middling or indifferent one, which makes few faults, but seldom rises to excellence.

Judiciousness

JUDI'CIOUSNESS, noun The quality of acting or being according to sound judgment.

Jug

JUG, noun [Low Latin caucus.] A vessel, usually earthen, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors.

Juggle

JUG'GLE, verb intransitive [Latin joculor, to jest, from jocus, a joke; jocor, to joke; ]

1. To play tricks by slight of hand; to amuse and make sport by tricks, which make a false show of extraordinary powers.

2. To practice artifice or imposture.

Be these juggling fiends no more believed.

JUG'GLE, verb transitive To deceive by trick or artifice.

Is't possible that spells of France should juggle

Men into such strange mockeries?

JUG'GLE, noun A trick by legerdemain.

1. An imposture; a deception.

Juggler

JUG'GLER, noun

1. One who practices or exhibits tricks by slight of hand; one who makes sport by tricks of extraordinary dexterity, by which the spectator is deceived. Jugglers are punishable by law.

2. A cheat; a deceiver; a trickish fellow.

Juggling

JUG'GLING, participle present tense Playing tricks by slight of hand; deceiving.

JUG'GLING, noun The act or practice of exhibiting tricks of legerdemain.

Jugglingly

JUG'GLINGLY, adverb In a deceptive manner.

Jugular

JU'GULAR, adjective [Latin jugulum, the neck, either from jugum, a yoke, or from its radical sense, to extend, to join. See Join.]

Pertaining to the neck or throat; as the jugular vein.

JU'GULAR, noun A large vein of the neck.

Juice

JUICE

JUICELESS, adjective ju'seless. Destitute of juice; dry; without moisture.

Juiciness

JUICINESS, noun ju'siness. The state of abounding with juice; succulence in plants.

Juicy

JUICY, adjective ju'sy. Abounding with juice; moist; succulent.

Juise

JUISE, noun [Latin jus.] Judgment; justice.

Jujub

JU'JUB

JU'JUBE, noun [Latin zizyphum.] The name of a plant and of its fruit, which is pulpy and resembles a small plum. The plant is arranged under the genus Rhamnus. The fruit was formerly used in pectoral decoctions, but it is now in little reputation.

Jujube

JU'JUBE, n. [L. zizyphum.] The name of a plant and of its fruit, which is pulpy and resembles a small plum. The plant is arranged under the genus Rhamnus. The fruit was formerly used in pectoral decoctions, but it is now in little reputation.

Juke

JUKE, verb intransitive To perch. [Not used.]

Julep

JU'LEP, noun In pharmacy, a medicine composed of some proper liquor and a sirup of sugar, of extemporaneous preparation, serving as a vehicle to other forms of medicine.

Julian

JU'LIAN, adjective Noting the old account of the year, as regulated by Julius Caesar, which continued to be used till 1752, when the Gregorian year, or new style, was adopted.

Julian Alps, called also Carnian, between Venetia and Noricum.

Julis

JU'LIS, noun A small fish with a green back.

Julus

JU'LUS, noun [Gr. a handful or bundle.]

1. In botany, a catkin or ament, a species of calyx or inflorescence, consisting of chaffy scales arranged along a stalk, as in hazel, birch, willow, etc.

2. A genus of multiped insects, of the order of Apters, of a semi-cylindrical form, with moniliform antennae, and two articulated palpi.

July

JULY', noun The seventh month of the year, during which the sun enters the sign Leo. It is so called from Julius, the surname of Caius Caesar, who was born in this month. Before that time, this month was called Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.

July-Flower

JULY-FLOWER, noun The name of certain species of plants. The clove july-flower is of the genus Dianthus; the queen's july-flower of the genus Hesperis; and the stock july-flower of the genus Cheiranthus. [See Gilly-flower.]

Jumart

JU'MART, noun The offspring of a bull and a mare.

Jumble

JUM'BLE, verb transitive To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order. It is often followed by together.

One may observe how apt that is to jumble together passages of Scripture.

JUM'BLE, verb intransitive To meet, mix or unite in a confused manner.

JUM'BLE, noun Confused mixture, mass or collection without order.

Jumbled

JUM'BLED, participle passive Mixed or collected in a confused mass.

Jumblement

JUM'BLEMENT, noun Confused mixture. [Not in use.]

Jumbler

JUM'BLER, adjective One who mixes things in confusion.

Jumbling

JUM'BLING, participle present tense Putting or mixing in a confused mass.

Jument

JU'MENT, noun [Latin jumentum, a beast.] A beast of burden. [Not used.]

Jump

JUMP, verb intransitive

1. To leap; to skip; to spring. Applied to men, it signifies to spring upwards or forwards with both feet, in distinction from hop, which signifies to spring with one foot. A man jumps over a ditch; a beast jumps over a fence. A man jumps upon a horse; a goat jumps from rock to rock.

2. To spring over any thing; to pass to at a leap.

Here, upon this bank and shelve of time,

We'd jump the life to come.

We see a little, presume a great deal, and so jump to the conclusion.

3. To bound; to pass from object to object; to jolt.

The noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the jumping chariots. Nahum 3.

4. To agree; to tally; to coincide.

In some sort it jumps with my humor.

[This use of the word is now vulgar, and in America, I think, is confined to the single phrase, to jump in judgment.

JUMP, verb transitive To pass by a leap; to pass over eagerly or hastily; as, to jump a stream. [But over is understood.]

JUMP, noun The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound.

1. A lucky chance.

JUMP, noun A kind of loose or limber stays or waistcoat, worn by females.

JUMP, adverb Exactly; nicely.

Jumper

JUMP'ER, noun One who jumps.

Jumping

JUMP'ING, participle present tense Leaping; springing; bounding.

Juncate

JUNC'ATE, noun [Latin juncus, a rush.]

1. A cheese-cake; a kind of sweetmeat of curds and sugar.

2. Any kind of delicate food.

3. A furtive or private entertainment. [It is now written junket.]

Juncous

JUNC'OUS, adjective [Latin junceus or juncosus, from juncus, a rush.]

Full of bulrushes. [Little used.]

Junction

JUNC'TION, noun [Latin junctio, from jungo, to join.]

1. The act or operation of joining; as the junction of two armies or detachments.

2. Union; coalition; combination.

3. The place or point of union.

Juncture

JUNC'TURE, noun [Latin junctura; jungo, to join.]

1. A joining; union; amity; as the juncture of hearts. [Little used.]

2. A union of two bodies; a seam; particularly, a joint or articulation.

3. The line or point at which two bodies are joined.

4. A point of time; particularly, a point rendered critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances.

June

JUNE, noun [Latin junius.] The sixth month of the year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer.

Jungle

JUN'GLE, noun In Hindoostan, a thick wood of small trees or shrubs.

Jungly

JUN'GLY, adjective Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles.

Junior

JU'NIOR, adjective [Latin from juvenis, young; quasi, juvenior.]

Younger; not as old as another; as a junior partner in a company. It is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons bearing the same name in one family or town, and opposed to elder; as John Doe junior

JU'NIOR, noun A person younger than another.

The fools, my juniors by a year--

Juniority

JUNIOR'ITY, noun The state of being junior.

Juniper

JU'NIPER, noun [Latin juniperus.] A tree or shrub bearing berries of a bluish color, of a warm, pungent, sweet taste, yielding when fresh, by expression, a rich, sweet, aromatic juice. They are useful carminatives and stomachics. The wood of the tree is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinet work and veneering. The oil of juniper mixed with that of nuts makes an excellent varnish; and the resin powdered is used under the name of pounce.

Junk

JUNK, noun [Latin juncus.]

1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making points, gaskets, mats, etc., and when untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for filling the seams of ships.

2. A small ship used in China; a Chinese vessel. [An eastern word.]

Junket

JUNK'ET, noun [See Juncate.] A sweetmeat.

1. A stolen entertainment.

JUNK'ET, verb intransitive To feast in secret; to make an entertainment by stealth.

1. To feast.

Job's children junketed and feasted together often.

Junto

JUN'TO, noun [Latin junctus, joined.]

1. Primarily, a select council or assembly, which deliberates in secret on any affair of government. In a good sense, it is not used in English; but hence,

2. A cabal; a meeting or collection of men combined for secret deliberation and intrigue for party purposes; a faction; as a junto of ministers.

Jupiter

JU'PITER, noun [Latin the air or heavens; Jovis pater.]

1. The supreme deity among the Greeks and Romans.

2. One of the superior planets, remarkable for its brightness. Its diameter is about eighty-nine thousand miles; its distance from the sun, four hundred and ninety millions of miles, and its revolution round the sun a little less than twelve years.

Juppon

JUPPON', noun A short close coat.

Jurat

JU'RAT, noun [Latin juratus, sworn, from juro, to swear.]

In England, a magistrate in some corporations; an alderman, or an assistant to a bailiff.

Juratory

JU'RATORY, adjective [Latin juro, to swear.]

Comprising an oath; as juratory caution. [Little used.]

Juridical

JURID'ICAL, adjective [Latin juridicus; jus, juris, law, and dico, to pronounce.]

1. Acting in the distribution of justice; pertaining to a judge.

2. Used in courts of law or tribunals of justice.

Juridically

JURID'ICALLY, adverb According to forms of law, or proceedings in tribunals of justice; with legal authority.

Jurisconsult

JURISCON'SULT, noun [Latin juris consultus; jus and consultus, consulo, to consult.] Among the Romans, a man learned in the law; a counselor at law; a master of Roman jurisprudence, who was consulted on the interpretation of the laws.

Jurisdiction

JURISDIC'TION, noun [Latin jurisdictio; jus, juris, law, and dictio, from dico, to pronounce.]

1. The legal power of authority of doing justice in cases of complaint; the power of executing the laws and distributing justice. Thus we speak of certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes being within the jurisdiction of a court, that is, within the limits of their authority or commission. Inferior courts have jurisdiction of debt and trespass, or of smaller offenses; the supreme courts have jurisdiction of treason, murder, and other high crimes. jurisdiction is secular or ecclesiastical.

2. Power of governing or legislating. The legislature of one state can exercise no jurisdiction in another.

3. The power or right of exercising authority. Nations claim exclusive jurisdiction on the sea, to the extent of a marine league from the main land or shore.

4. The limit within which power may be exercised.

Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare or apply the law; when confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. jurisdiction is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects.

Jurisdictional

JURISDIC'TIONAL, adjective Pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights.

Jurisdictive

JURISDIC'TIVE, adjective Having jurisdiction.

Jurisprudence

JURISPRU'DENCE, noun [Latin jurisprudentia; jus, law, and prudentia, science.] The science of law; the knowledge of the laws, customs and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice. The study of jurisprudence next to that of theology, is the most important and useful to men.

Jurisprudent

JURISPRU'DENT, adjective Understanding law.

Jurisprudential

JURISPRUDEN'TIAL, adjective Pertaining to jurisprudence.

Jurist

JU'RIST, noun [Latin jus, juris, law.]

1. A man who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, or more particularly, in the civil law; a civilian.

2. One versed in the law of nations, or who writes on the subject.

Juror

JU'ROR, noun [Latin jurator; or rather juro, to swear.]

One that serves on a jury; one sworn to deliver the truth on the evidence given him concerning any matter in question or on trial.

Jury

JU'RY, noun [Latin juro, to swear.] A number of freeholders, selected in the manner prescribed by law, empaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the truth on the evidence given them in the case. Grand juries consist usually of twenty four freeholders at least, and are summoned to try matters alleged in indictments. Petty juries, consisting usually of twelve men, attend courts to try matters of fact in civil causes, and to decide both the law and the fact in criminal prosecutions. The decision of a petty jury is called a verdict.

Juryman

JU'RYMAN, noun One who is empaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.

Jurymast

JU'RYM'AST, noun A mast erected in a ship to supply the place of one carried away in a tempest or an engagement, etc. The most probable origin of the word jury, in this compound, is that proposed by Thomson, vix. from the Fr. jour, day, quasi, joure, temporary, or from Latin juvare, to assist.

Juse

JUSE, noun juse The sap of vegetables; the fluid part of animal substances.

JUICE, verb transitive To moisten.

Just

JUST, adjective [Latin justus. The primary sense is probably straight or close, from the sense of setting, erecting, or extending.]

1. Regular; orderly; due; suitable.

When all

The war shall stand ranged in its just array.

2. Exactly proportioned; proper.

Pleaseth your lordship

To meet his grace, just distance 'tween our armies?

3. Full; complete to the common standard.

He was a comely personage, a little above just stature.

4. Full; true; a sense allied to the preceding, or the same.

--So that once the skirmish was like to have come to a just battle.

5. In a moral sense, upright; honest; having principles of rectitude; or conforming exactly to the laws, and to principles of rectitude in social conduct; equitable in the distribution of justice; as a just judge.

6. In an evangelical sense, righteous; religious; influenced by a regard to the laws of God; or living in exact conformity to the divine will.

There is not a just man on earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Ecclesiastes 7:15.

7. Conformed to rules of justice; doing equal justice.

JUST balances, just weights, a just ephah and a just him shall ye have. Leviticus 19:36.

8. Conformed to truth; exact; proper; accurate; as just thoughts; just expressions; just images or representations; a just description; a just inference.

9. True; founded in truth and fact; as a just charge or accusation.

10. Innocent; blameless; without guilt.

How should man be just with God? Job 9:2.

11. Equitable; due; merited; as a just recompense or reward.

--Whose damnation is just Romans 3:8.

12. True to promises; faithful; as just to one's word or engagements.

13. Impartial; allowing what is due; giving fair representation of character, merit or demerit.

JUST', adverb Close or closely; ; near or nearly, in place. He stood just by the speaker, and heard what he said. He stood just at the entrance of the city.

1. Near or nearly in time; almost. just at that moment he arose and fled.

2. Exactly; nicely; accurately. They remain just of the same opinion.

'Tis with our judgments as our watches; Go just alike, yet each believes his own.

3. Merely; barely; exactly.

--And having just enough, not covet more.

4. Narrowly. He just escaped without injury.

JUST, noun A mock encounter on horseback; a combat for sport or for exercise, in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords, man to man, in mock fight; a tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments.

JUST, verb intransitive

1. To engage in mock fight on horseback.

2. To push; to drive; to justle.

Justice

JUST'ICE, noun [Latin justitia, from justus, just.]

1. The virtue which consists in giving to every one what is his due; practical conformity to the laws and to principles of rectitude in the dealings of men with each other; honesty; integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. justice is distributive or commutative. Distributive justice belongs to magistrates or rulers, and consists in distributing to every man that right or equity which the laws and the principles of equity require; or in deciding controversies according to the laws and to principles of equity. Commutative justice consists in fair dealing in trade and mutual intercourse between man and man.

2. Impartiality; equal distribution of right in expressing opinions; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit. In criticisms, narrations, history or discourse, it is a duty to do justice to every man, whether friend or foe.

3. Equity; agreeableness to right; as, he proved the justice of his claim. This should, in strictness, be justness.

4. Vindictive retribution; merited punishment. Sooner or later, justice overtakes the criminal.

5. Right; application of equity. His arm will do him justice

6. [Low Latin justiciarius.] A person commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice to individuals; as the Chief justice of the king's bench, or of the common pleas, in England; the Chief justice of the supreme court in the United States, etc. and justices of the peace.

JUST'ICE, verb transitive To administer justice [Little used.]

Justiceable

JUST'ICEABLE, adjective Liable to account in a court of justice. [Little used.]

Justicer

JUST'ICER, noun An administrator of justice. [Little used.]

Justiceship

JUST'ICESHIP, noun The office or dignity of a justice.

Justiciar

JUSTI'CIAR, noun [Latin justiciarius.] An administrator of justice.

1. A chief justice.

2. One that boasts of the justice of his own act. [Not used.]

Justiciary

JUSTI'CIARY

JUST'IFIABLE, adjective [from justify.] That may be proved to be just; that may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude or propriety; defensible; vindicable. No breach of law or moral obligation is justifiable. The execution of a malefactor in pursuance of a sentence of court, is justifiable homicide.

Justifiable

JUST'IFIABLE, a. [from justify.] That may be proved to be just; that may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude or propriety; defensible; vindicable. No breach of law or moral obligation is justifiable. The execution of a malefactor in pursuance of a sentence of court, is justifiable homicide.

Justifiableness

JUST'IFIABLENESS, noun The quality of being justifiable; rectitude; possibility of being defended or vindicated.