S – Salary

S

S, the nineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant articulation, and numbered among the semi-vowels. It represents the hissing made by driving the breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, just above the upper teeth. It has two uses; one to express a mere hissing, as in Sabbath, sack, sin, this, thus; the other a vocal hissing, precisely like that of z, as in muse, wise, pronounced muze, wize. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of all proper English words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is to be known only by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle and viscount.

In abbreviations, s stands for societas, society, or socius, fellow; as F.R.S. fellow of the Royal Society. In medical prescriptions, s adjective signifies secundem artem, according to the rules of art.

In the notes of the ancients, s stands for Sextus; SP. for Spurius; s C. for senatus consultum; s P.Q.R. for senatus populusque Romanus; s S.S. for stratum super stratum, one layer above another alternately; s V.B.E.E.Q.V. for sivales, bene est, ego quoque valeo.

As a numeral, s denoted seven. In the Italian music, s signifies solo. In books of navigation and in common usage, s stands for south; s E. for south-east; s W. for south-west; s S.E. for south south-east; s S.W. for south south-west, etc.

Sabaoth

SABAOTH, noun [armies, from the Hebrew word to assemble, to fight. The primary sense is to drive, urge or crowd]

Armies; a word used, Romans 9:29, James 5:4, the Lord of Sabaoth

Sabbatarian

SABBATARIAN, noun [from sabbath.] One who observes the seventh day of the week as the sabbath, instead of the first. A sect of baptists are called sabbatarians. They maintain that the Jewish sabbath has not been abrogated.

SABBATARIAN, adjective Pertaining to those who keep Saturday, or the seventh day of the week, as the sabbath.

Sabbath

SABBATH, noun

1. The day which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship. This was originally the seventh day of the week, the day on which God rested from the work of creation; and this day is still observed by the Jews and some christians, as the sabbath But the christian church very early begun and still continue to observe the first day of the week, in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ on that day, by which the work of redemption was completed. Hence it is often called the Lords day. The heathen nations in the north of Europe dedicated this day to the sun, and hence their christian descendants continue to call the day Sunday. But in the United States, christians have to a great extent discarded the heathen name, and adopted the Jewish name sabbath

2. Intermission of pain or sorrow; time of rest.

Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb.

3. The sabbatical year among the Israelites. Leviticus 25:2.

Sabbath-Breaker

SABBATH-BREAKER, noun One who profanes the sabbath by violating the laws of God or man which enjoin the religious observance of that day.

Sabbath-Breaking

SABBATH-BREAKING, noun A profanation of the sabbath by violating the injunction of the fourth commandment, or the municipal laws of a state which require the observance of that day as holy time. All unnecessary secular labor, visiting, traveling, sports, amusements and the like are considered as sabbath-breaking

Sabbathless

SABBATHLESS, adjective Without intermission of labor.

Sabbatic

SABBATIC,

SABBATICAL, adjective

1. Pertaining to the sabbath.

2. Resembling the sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor.

SABBATICal year, in the Jewish economy, was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage, and the year next following every seventh sabbatical year in succession, that is, every fiftieth year, was the jubilee, which was also a year of rest to the lands, and a year of redemption or release. Leviticus 15:1.

Sabbatical

SABBATICAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the sabbath.2. Resembling the sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor.Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage, and the year next following every seventh sabbatical year in succession, that is, every fiftieth year, was the jubilee, which was also a year of rest to the lands, and a year of redemption or release. Lev. 15.

Sabbatism

SABBATISM, noun Rest; intermission of labor.

Sabean

SABEAN, [See Sabian.]

Sabeism

SABEISM, noun The same as Sabianism.

Sabellian

SABELLIAN, adjective Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius.

SABELLIAN, noun A follower of Sabellius, a philosopher of Egypt in the third century, who openly taught that there is one person only in the Godhead, and that the Word and Holy Spirit are only virtues, emanations or functions of the Deity.

Sabellianism

SABELLIANISM, noun The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius.

Saber

SABER,

SABIAN,

SABEAN, adjective Pertaining to Saba, in Ara bia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.

SABIAN, adjective The Sabian worship or religion consisted in the the worship of the sun and other heavenly bodies.

SABIAN, noun A worshiper of the sun.

Sabian

SABIAN,

Sabianism

SABIANISM, noun That species of idolatry which consisted in worshiping the sun, moon and stars. This idolatry existed in the world, and was propagated by the inhabitants who migrated westward into Europe, and continued among our ancestors till they embraced the christian religion.

Sabine

SABINE, noun A plant; usually written savin, which see.

Sable

SABLE, noun

1. A small animal of the weasel kind, the mustela zibelina, found in the northern latitudes of America and Asia. It resembles the martin, but has a longer head and ears. Its hair is cinereous, but black at the tips. This animal burrows in the earth or under trees; in winter and summer subsisting on small animals, and in autumn on berries. The fur is very valuable.

2. The fur of the sable

SA'BLE, adjective [Gr. darkness. See the Noun.]

Black; dark; used chiefly in poetry or in heraldry; as night with her sable mantle; the sable throne of night.

Sabliere

SAB'LIERE, noun [Latin sabulum.]

1. A sand pit. [Not much used.]

2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick as a beam.

Sabot

SABOT, noun A wooden shoe. [Not English.]

Sabre

SABRE, noun A sword or cimitar with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a little falcated or hooked at the point; a faulchion.

SABER, verb transitive To strike, cut or kill with a saber. A small party was surprised at night and almost every man sabered.

Sabulosity

SABULOS'ITY, noun [from sabulous.] Sandiness; grittiness.

Sabulous

SAB'ULOUS, adjective [Latin sabulosus, from sabulum, sand.] Sandy; gritty.

Sac

SAC, noun [This is the English sake, which see.]

In English law, the privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes and imposing fines.

Saccade

SACCA'DE, noun A sudden violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull; a correction used when the horse bears heavy on the hand. It should be used discretely.

Sacchariferous

SACCHARIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin saccharum, sugar, and fero, to produce.]

Producing sugar; as sacchariferous canes. The maple is a sacchariferous tree.

Saccharine

SAC'CHARINE, adjective [Latin saccharum, sugar.]

Pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; as a saccharine taste; the saccharine matter of the cane juice.

Saccholactic

SACCHOLAC'TIC, adjective [Latin saccharum, sugar, and lac, milk.]

A term in the new chimistry, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk; now called mucic acid.

Saccholate

SAC'CHOLATE, noun In chimistry, a salt formed by the union of the saccholactic acid with a base.

Sacerdotal

SACERDO'TAL, adjective [Latin sacerdotalis, from sacerdos, a priest. See Sacred.]

Pertaining to priests or the priesthood; priestly; as sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions or garments; sacerdotal character.

Sachel

SACH'EL, noun [Latin sacculus, dim. of saccus.]

A small sack or bag; a bag in which lawyers and children carry papers and books.

Sachem

SA'CHEM, noun In America, a chief among some of the native Indian tribes. [See Sagamore.]

Sack

SACK, noun [Latin saccus. Heb. See the verb to sack ]

1. A bag, usually a large cloth bag, used for holding and conveying corn, small wares, wool, cotton, hops, and the like. Genesis 42:25.

SACK of wool, in England, is 22 stone of 14lb. each, or 308 pounds. In Scotland, it is 24 stone of 16 pounds each, or 384 pounds.

A sack of cotton, contains usually about 300lb. but it may be from 150 to 400 pounds.

SACK of earth, in fortification, is a canvas bag filled with earth, used in making retrenchments in haste.

2. The measure of three bushels.

SACK, noun A species of sweet wine, brought chiefly from the Canary isles.

SACK, noun [Latin sagum, whence Gr. But the word is Celtic or Teutonic.]

Among our rude ancestors, a kind of cloak of a square form, worn over the shoulders and body, and fastened in from by a clasp or thorn. It was originally made of skin, afterwards of wool. In modern times, this name has been given to a woman's garment, a gown with loose plaits on the back; but no garment of this kind is now worn, and the word is in disuse. [See Varro, Strabo, Cluver, Bochart.]

SACK, verb transitive To put in a sac or in bags.

SACK, verb transitive [From comparing this word and sack a bag, in several languages, it appears that they are both from one root, and that the primary sense is to strain, pull, draw; hence sack a bag, is a tie, that which is tied or drawn together; and sack to pillage, is to pull, to strip, that is, to take away by violence.]

To plunder or pillage, as a town or city. Rome was twice taken and sacked in the reign of one pope. This word is never, I believe, applied to the robbing of persons, or pillaging of single houses, but to the pillaging of towns and cities; and as towns are usually or often sacked, when taken by assault, the word may sometimes include the sense of taking by storm.

The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy.

SACK, noun The pillage or plunder of a town or city; or the storm and plunder of a town; as the sack of Troy.

Sack-Posset

SACK-POS'SET, noun [sack and posset.] A posset made of sack, milk and some other ingredients.

Sackage

SACK'AGE, noun The act of taking by storm and pillaging.

Sackbut

SACK'BUT, noun [The last syllable is the Latin buxus.]

A wind instrument of music; a kind of trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required.

Sackcloth

SACK'CLOTH, noun [sack and cloth.] Cloth of which sacks are made; coarse cloth. This word is chiefly used in Scripture to denote a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress or mortification.

Gird you with sackcloth and mourn before Abner. 2 Samuel 3:31.

Esther 4:1. Job 16:15.

Sackclothed

SACK'CLOTHED, adjective Clothed in sackcloth.

Sacked

SACK'ED, participle passive Pillaged; stormed and plundered.

Sacker

SACK'ER, noun One that takes a town or plunders it.

Sackful

SACK'FUL, noun A full sack or bag.

Sacking

SACK'ING, participle present tense Taking by assault and plundering or pillaging.

SACK'ING, noun The act of taking by storm and pillaging.

SACK'ING, noun

1. Cloth of which sacks or bags are made.

2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to a bedstead for supporting the bed.

Sackless

SACK'LESS, adjective

Quiet; peaceable; not quarrelsome; harmless; innocent. [Local.]

Sacrament

SAC'RAMENT, noun [Latin sacramentum, an oath, from sacer, sacred.]

1. Among ancient christian writers, a mystery. [Not in use.]

2. An oath; a ceremony producing an obligation; but not used in this general sense.

3. In present usage, an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace; or more particularly, a solemn religious ceremony enjoined by Christ, the head of the christian church, to be observed by his followers, by which their special relation to him is created, or their obligations to him renewed and ratified. Thus baptism is called a sacrament for by it persons are separated from the world, brought into Christ's visible church, and laid under particular obligations to obey his precepts. The eucharist or communion of the Lord's supper, is also a sacrament for by commemorating the death and dying love of Christ, christians avow their special relation to him, and renew their obligations to be faithful to their divine Master. When we use sacrament without any qualifying word, we mean by it,

4. The eucharist or Lord's supper.

SAC'RAMENT, verb transitive To bind by an oath. [Not used.]

Sacramental

SACRAMENT'AL, adjective Constituting a sacrament or pertaining to it; as sacramental rites or elements.

SACRAMENT'AL, noun That which relates to a sacrament.

Sacramentally

SACRAMENT'ALLY, adverb After the manner of a sacrament.

Sacramentarian

SACRAMENTA'RIAN, noun One that differs from the Romish church in regard to the sacraments, or to the Lord's supper; a word applied by the catholics to protestants.

Sacramentary

SACRAMENT'ARY, noun

1. An ancient book of the Romish church, written by pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained all the prayers and ceremonies practiced in the celebration of the sacraments.

2. A sacramentarian; a term of reproach applied by papists to protestants.

SACRAMENT'ARY,

SACRAMENTA'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to sacramentarians and to their controversy respecting the eucharist.

Sacre

SACRE. [See Saker.]

Sacred

SA'CRED, adjective [Latin sacer, sacred holy, cursed, damnable. We here see the connection between sacredness and secrecy. The sense is removed or separated from that which is common, vulgar, polluted, or open, public; and accursed is separated from society or the privileges of citizens, rejected, banished.]

1. Holy; pertaining to God or to his worship; separated from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his service; as a sacred place; a sacred day; a sacred feast; sacred service; sacred orders.

2. Proceeding from God and containing religious precepts; as the sacred books of the Old and New Testament.

3. Narrating or writing facts respecting God and holy things; as a sacred historian.

4. Relating to religion or the worship of God; used for religious purposes; as sacred songs; sacred music; sacred history.

5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; with to.

A temple sacred to the queen of love.

6. Entitled to reverence; venerable.

Poet and saint to thee alone were given, the two most sacred names of earth and heav'n.

7. Inviolable, as if appropriated to a superior being; as sacred honor or promise.

Secrets of marriage still are sacred held.

Sacred majesty. In this title, sacred has no definite meaning, or it is blasphemy.

Sacred place, in the civil law, is that where a deceased person is buried.

Sacredly

SA'CREDLY, adverb

1. Religiously; with due reverence as of something holy or consecrated to God; as, to observe the sabbath sacredly; the day is sacredly kept.

2. Inviolably; strictly; as, to observe one's word sacredly; a secret to be sacredly kept.

Sacredness

SA'CREDNESS, noun

1. The state of being sacred, or consecrated to God, to his worship or to religious uses; holiness; sanctity; as the sacredness of the sanctuary or its worship; the sacredness of the sabbath; the sacredness of the clerical office.

2. Inviolableness; as the sacredness of marriage vows or of a trust.

Sacrific

SACRIF'IC,

SACRIF'ICABLE, adjective Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [Ill formed, harsh and not used.]

Sacrificable

SACRIF'ICABLE, a. Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [Ill formed, harsh and not used.]

Sacrifical

SACRIF'ICAL, adjective [Latin sacrificus. See Sacrifice.] Employed in sacrifice.

Sacrificant

SACRIF'ICANT, noun [Latin sacrificans.] One that offers a sacrifice.

Sacrificator

SACRIFICA'TOR, noun A sacrificer; one that offers a sacrifice. [Not used.]

Sacrificatory

SACRIF'ICATORY, adjective Offering sacrifice.

Sacrifice

SAC'RIFICE, verb transitive sac'rifize. [Latin sacrifico; sacer, sacred, and facio, to make.]

1. To offer to God in homage or worship, by killing and consuming, as victims on an altar; to immolate, either as an atonement for sin, or to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a lamb. 2 Samuel 6:13.

2. To destroy, surrender or suffer to be lost for the sake of obtaining something; as, to sacrifice the peace of the church to a little vain curiosity. We should never sacrifice health to pleasure, nor integrity to fame.

3. To devote with loss.

Condemn'd to sacrifice his childish years to babbling ignorance and to empty fears.

4. To destroy; to kill.

SAC'RIFICE, verb intransitive To make offerings to God by the slaughter and burning of victims, or of some part of them. Exodus 3:18.

SAC'RIFICE, noun [Latin sacrificium.]

1. An offering made to God by killing and burning some animal upon an altar, as an acknowledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, appease his wrath or conciliate his favor, or to express thankfulness for his benefits. Sacrifices have been common to most nations, and have been offered to false gods, as well as by the Israelites to Jehovah. A sacrifice differs from an oblation; the latter being an offering of a thing entire or without change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies a destruction or killing, as of a beast. Sacrifices are expiatory, impetratory, and eucharistical; that is, atoning for sin, seeking favor, or expressing thanks.

Human sacrifices, the killing and offering of human beings to deities, have been practiced by some barbarous nations.

2. The thing offered to God, or immolated by an act of religion.

My life if thou preserv'st, my life thy sacrifice shall be.

3. Destruction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining some object, or for obliging another; as the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.

4. Any thing destroyed.

Sacrificed

SAC'RIFICED, participle passive Offered to God upon an altar; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost.

Sacrificer

SAC'RIFICER, noun One that sacrifices or immolates.

Sacrificial

SACRIFI'CIAL, adjective Performing sacrifice; included in sacrifice; consisting in sacrifice.

Sacrilege

SAC'RILEGE, noun [Latin sacrilegium; sacer, sacred, and lego, to take or steal.]

The crime of violating or profaning sacred things; or the alienating to laymen or to common purposes what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.

And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb with sacrilege to dig.

Sacrilegious

SACRILE'GIOUS, adjective [Latin sacrilegus.]

1. Violating sacred things; polluted with the crime of sacrilege.

Above the reach of sacrilegious hands.

2. Containing sacrilege; as a sacrilegious attempt or act.

Sacrilegiously

SACRILE'GIOUSLY, adverb With sacrilege; in violation of sacred things; as sacrilegiously invading the property of a church.

Sacrilegiousness

SACRILE'GIOUSNESS, noun

1. The quality of being sacrilegious.

2. Disposition to sacrilege.

Sacrilegist

SAC'RILEGIST, noun One who is guilty of sacrilege.

Sacring

SA'CRING, participle present tense Consecrating. [Not in use.]

Sacring-Bell

SA'CRING-BELL, noun A bell rung before the host.

Sacrist

SA'CRIST, noun A sacristan; a person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books.

Sacristan

SAC'RISTAN, noun [Latin sacer, sacred.]

An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables of the church. It is now corrupted into sexton.

Sacristy

SAC'RISTY, noun [Latin sacer, sacred.]

An apartment in a church where the sacred utensils are kept; now called the vestry.

Sacrosanct

SAC'ROSANCT, adjective [Latin sacrosanctus; sacer and sanctus, holy.] Sacred; inviolable. [Not in use.]

Sad

SAD, adjective [It is probable this word is from the root of set. I have not found the word is from the root of set. I have not found the word in the English sense, in any other language.]

1. Sorrowful; affected with grief; cast down with affliction.

Th' angelic guards ascended, mute and sad

SAD for their loss, but joyful of our life.

2. Habitually melancholy; gloomy; not gay or cheerful.

See in her cell sad Eloisa spread.

3. Downcast; gloomy; having the external appearance of sorrow; as a sad countenance. Matthew 6:16.

4. Serious; grave; not gay, light or volatile.

Lady Catherine, a sad and religious woman.

5. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as a sad accident; a sad misfortune.

6. Dark colored.

Woad or wade is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors.

[This sense is, I believe, entirely obsolete.]

7. Bad; vexatious; as a sad husband. [Colloquial.]

8. Heavy; weighty; ponderous.

With that his hand more sad than lump of lead. obsolete

9. Close; firm; cohesive; opposed to light or friable.

Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad obsolete

[The two latter senses indicate that the primary sense is set, fixed.]

Sadden

SADDEN, verb transitive sad'n.

1. To make sad or sorrowful; also, to make melancholy or gloomy.

2. To make dark colored. obsolete

3. To make heavy, firm or cohesive.

Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to clay lands. obsolete

Saddened

SAD'DENED, participle passive Made sad or gloomy.

Saddening

SAD'DENING, participle present tense Making sad or gloomy.

Saddle

SADDLE, noun sad'l. [Latin sedeo, sedile.]

1. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit on. Saddles are variously made, as the common saddle and the hunting saddle and for females the side-saddle.

2. Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on the lower yard-arms to retain the studding sail-booms in their place. The name is given also to other circular pieces of wood; as the saddle of the bow-spirit.

SAD'DLE, verb intransitive

1. To put a saddle on.

Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his ass.

Genesis 22:3.

2. To load; to fix a burden on; as, to be saddled with the expense of bridges and highways.

Saddle-Backed

SAD'DLE-BACKED, adjective Having a low back and an elevated neck and head, as a horse.

Saddle-Bow

SAD'DLE-BOW, noun The bows of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.

Saddle-Maker

SAD'DLE-MAKER,

SAD'DLER, noun One whose occupation is to make saddles.

Saddler

SAD'DLER, n. One whose occupation is to make saddles.

Sadducean

SADDUCE'AN, adjective Pertaining to the Sadducees, a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. Acts 23:1.

Sadducism

SAD'DUCISM, noun The tenets of the Sadducees.

Sadly

SAD'LY, adverb

1. Sorrowfully; mournfully.

He sadly suffers in their grief.

2. In a calamitous or miserable manner. The misfortunes which others experience we may one day sadly feel.

3. In a dark color. obsolete

Sadness

SAD'NESS, noun

1. Sorrowfulness; mournfulness; dejection of mind; as grief and sadness at the memory of sin.

2. A melancholy look; gloom of countenance.

Dim sadness did not spare Celestial visages.

3. Seriousness; sedate gravity. Let every thing in a mournful subject have an air of sadness

Safe

SAFE, adjective [Latin salvus, from salus, safety, health.]

1. Free from danger of any kind; as safe from enemies; safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from the malice of foes.

2. Free from hurt, injury or damage; as, to walk safe over red hot plowshares. We brought the goods safe to land.

3. Conferring safety; securing from harm; as a safe guide; a safe harbor; a safe bridge.

4. Not exposing to danger. Philippians 3:1.

5. No longer dangerous; placed beyond the power of doing harm; a ludicrous meaning.

Banquo's safe - Aye, my good lord, safe in a ditch.

SAFE, noun A place of safety; a place for securing provisions from noxious animals.

SAFE, verb transitive To render safe [Not in use.]

Safe-Conduct

SAFE-CON'DUCT, noun [safe and conduct.]

That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or in a foreign country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of security given to a person by the sovereign of a country to enable him to travel with safety.

Safe-Keeping

SAFE-KEE'PING, noun [safe and keep.] The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape.

Safeguard

SA'FEGU'ARD, noun [safe and guard.]

1. He or that which defends or protects; defense; protection.

The sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne.

2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler.

3. A passport; a warrant of security given by a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories; formerly, a protection granted to a stranger in prosecuting his rights in due course of law.

4. An outer petticoat to save women's clothes on horseback.

SA'FEGU'ARD, verb transitive To guard; to protect. [Little used.]

Safely

SA'FELY, adverb

1. In a safe manner; without incurring danger or hazard of evil consequences. We may safely proceed, or safely conclude.

2. Without injury. We passed the river safely

3. Without escape; in close custody; as, to keep a prisoner safely

Safeness

SA'FENESS, noun

1. Freedom from danger; as the safeness of an experiment.

2. The state of being safe, or of conferring safety; as the safeness of a bridge or of a beat.

Safety

SA'FETY, noun

1. Freedom from danger or hazard; as the safety of an electrical experiment; the safety of a voyage.

I was not in safety nor had I rest. Job 3:26.

2. Exemption from hurt, injury or loss. We crossed the Atlantic in safety

Safety-Valve

SA'FETY-VALVE, noun A valve by means of which a boiler is preserved from bursting by the force of steam.

Safflow

SAF'FLOW,

SAF'FLOWER, noun The plant, bastard saffron, of the genus Carthamus.

SAF'FLOWER, noun A deep red fecula separated from orange-colored flowers, particularly those of the Carthamustinctorius; called also Spanish red and China lake.

The dried flowers of the Carthamustinctorius.

Saffron

SAF'FRON, noun [The radical sense is to fail, or to be hollow, or to be exhausted.

1. A plant of the genus Crocus. The bastard saffron is of the genus Carthamus, and the meadow saffron of the genus Colchicum.

2. In the materia medica, saffron is formed of the stigmata of the Crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and pressed into cakes.

SAF'FRON, adjective Having the color of saffron flowers; yellow; as a saffron face; a saffron streamer.

SAF'FRON, verb transitive To tinge with saffron; to make yellow; to gild.

Sag

SAG, verb intransitive [a different spelling of swag, which see.]

1. To yield; to give way; to lean or incline from an upright position, or to bend from a horizontal position. Our workmen say, a building sags to the north or south; or a beam sags by means of its weight.

2. In sailing, to incline to the leeward; to make lee way.

SAG, verb transitive To cause to bend or give way; to load or burden.

Sagacious

SAGA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin sagax, from sagus, wise, foreseeing; saga, a wise woman; sagio, to perceive readily. The latter signifies wise, prudent, sage, and an essay, which unites this word with seek, and Latin sequor.]

1. Quick of scent; as a sagacious hound; strictly perhaps, following by the scent, which sense is connected with Latin sequor; with of; as sagacious of his quarry.

2. Quick of thought; acute in discernment or penetration; as a sagacious head; a sagacious mind.

I would give more for the criticisms of one sagacious enemy, than for those of a score of admirers.

Sagaciously

SAGA'CIOUSLY, adverb

1. With quick scent.

2. With quick discernment or penetration.

Sagaciousness

SAGA'CIOUSNESS, noun

1. The quality of being sagacious; quickness of scent.

2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment.

Sagacity

SAGAC'ITY, noun [Latin sagacitas.]

1. Quickness or acuteness of scent; applied to animals.

2. Quickness or acuteness of discernment or penetration; readiness of apprehension; the faculty of readily discerning and distinguishing ideas, and of separating truth from falsehood.

Sagacity finds out the intermediate ideas, to discover what connection there is in each link of the chain.

Sagamore

SAG'AMORE, noun Among some tribes of American Indians, a king or chief.

Sagapen

SAG'APEN,

SAGAPE'NUM, noun In pharmacy, a gum-resin, brought from Persia and the East in granules or in masses. It is a compact substance, heavy, of a reddish color, with small whitish or yellowish specks. It is an attenuant, sperient and discutient.

Sagathy

SAG'ATHY, noun A kind of serge; a slight woolen stuff.

Sage

SAGE, noun A plant of the genius Salvia, of several species; as the officinalis, or common large sage of several varieties; the tomentosa or balsamic sage; the auriculata, or sage of virtue; and the pomifera.

SAGE, adjective [Latin saga, sagus, sagio. See sagacious.]

1. Wise; having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; as a sage counselor.

2. Wise; judicious; proceeding from wisdom; well judged; well adapted to the purpose; as sage counsels.

SAGE, noun A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a man of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.

At his birth a star proclaims him come, and guides the eastern sages.

Groves where immortal sages taught.

Sagely

SA'GELY, adverb Wisely; with just discernment and prudence.

Sagene

SAGE'NE, noun A Russian measure of about seven English feet. [See Sajene.]

Sageness

SA'GENESS, noun Wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity.

Sagenite

SAG'ENITE, noun Acicular rutile.

Sagittal

SAG'ITTAL, adjective [Latin sagittalis, from sagitta, an arrow; that which is thrown or driven, probably from the root of say and sing.]

Pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; as sagittal bars of yellow.

In anatomy, the sagittal suture is the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull.

Sagittarius

SAGITTA'RIUS, noun [Latin an archer.] One of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters November 22.

Sagittary

SAG'ITTARY, noun [supra.] A centaur, an animal half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver.

Sagittate

SAG'ITTATE, adjective In botany, shaped like the head of an arrow; triangular, hollowed at the base, with angles at the hinder part; or with the hinder angles acute, divided by a sinus; applied to the leaf, stipula or anther.

Sago

SA'GO, noun a dry mealy substance or granulated paste, imported from Java and the Philippine and Molucca isles. It is the pith or marrow of a species of palm tree, and much used in medicine as a restorative diet.

Sagoin

SAGOIN', noun The Sagoins form a division of the genus Simia, including such of the monkeys of America as have hairy tails, not prehensile.

Sagy

SA'GY, adjective [from sage.] Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

Sahlite

SAH'LITE, noun A mineral name from the mountain Sahla, in Westermania, where it was discovered. It is of a light greenish gray color, occurs massive, and composed of coarse granular concretion. It is called also malacolite; a subspecies or variety of augite.

Saic

SAIC, noun a Turkish or Grecian vessel, very common in the Levant, a kind of ketch which has no top-gallant-sail, nor mizen-top-sail.

Said

SAID, preterit tense and participle passive of say; so written for sayed.

1. Declared; uttered; reported.

2. Aforesaid; before mentioned.

Sail

SAIL, noun [Latin sal, salt.]

1. In navigation, a spread of canvas, or an assemblage of several breadths of canvas, [or some substitute for it, ] sewed together with a double seam at the borders, and edged with a cord called the bolt-rope, to be extended on the masts or yards for receiving the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven. The principal sails are the courses or lower salts, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.

2. In poetry, wings.

3. A ship or other vessel; used in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for many. We saw a sail at the leeward. We saw three sail on our star-board quarter. The fleet consists of twenty sail

To loose sails, to unfurl them.

To make sail to extend an additional quantity of sail

To set sail to expand or spread the sails; and hence; to begin a voyage.

To shorten sail to reduce the extent of sail or take in a part.

1. To strike sail to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting or in sudden gusts of wind.

2. To bate show or pomp.

SAIL, verb intransitive

1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. A ship sails from New York for Liverpool. She sails ten knots an hour. She sails well close-hauled.

2. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water. We sailed from London to Canton.

3. To swim.

Little dolphins, when they sail in the vast shadow of the British whale.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage. We sailed from New York for Havre, June 15, 1824. We sailed from Cowes for New York, May 10, 1825.

5. To be carried in the air, as a balloon.

6. To pass smoothly along.

As is a wing'd messenger from heaven, when he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, and sails upon the bosom of the air.

7. To fly without striking with the wings.

SAIL, verb transitive

1. To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of sails.

A thousand ships were mann'd to sail the sea.

[This use is elliptical, on or over being omitted.]

2. To fly through

Sublime she sails th' aerial space, and mounts the winged gales.

Sail-Board

SA'IL-BOARD, adjective [See Broad.] Spreading like a sail.

Sail-Borne

SA'IL-BORNE, noun Borne or conveyed by sails.

Sail-Loft

SA'IL-LOFT, noun A loft or apartment where sails are cut out and made.

Sail-Maker

SA'IL-MAKER, noun

1. One whose occupation is to make sails.

2. An officer on board ships of war, whose business is to repair or alter sails.

Sail-Making

SA'IL-MAKING, noun The art or business of making sails.

Sail-Yard

SA'IL-YARD, noun The yard or spar on which sails are extended.

Sailable

SA'ILABLE, adjective Navigable; that may be passed by ships.

Sailed

SA'ILED, participle passive Passed in ships or other water craft.

Sailer

SA'ILER, noun

1. One that sails; a seaman; usually sailor.

2. A ship or other vessel, with reference to her manner of sailing. Thus we say, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer; a prime sailer

Sailing

SA'ILING, participle present tense Moving on water or in air; passing in a ship or other vessel.

SA'ILING, noun

1. The act of moving on water; or the movement of a ship or vessel impelled or wafted along the surface of water by the action of wind on her sails.

2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon.

3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage.

Sailor

SA'ILOR, noun [a more common spelling than sailer.]

A mariner; a seaman; one who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels, or one who understands the management of ships in navigation. The word however does not by itself express any particular skill in navigation. It denotes any person who follows the seas, and is chiefly or wholly applied to the common hands. [See Seaman.]

Saim

SAIM, noun [Latin sebum, contracted.] Lard. [Local.]

Sain

SAIN, for sayen, participle passive of say. obsolete

Sainfoin

SA'INFOIN,

SAINT, noun [Latin sanctus.]

1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue. It is particularly applied to the apostles and other holy persons mentioned in Scripture. A hypocrite may imitate a saint. Psalms 16:1.

2. One of the blessed in heaven. Revelation 18:1.

3. The holy angels are called saint. Deuteronomy 33:1. Jude 1:14.

4. One canonized by the church of Rome.

SAINT, verb transitive To number or enroll among saints by an official act of the pope; to canonize.

Over against the church stands a large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beautified, though never sainted.

SAINT, verb intransitive To act with a show of piety.

Saint

SAINT, n. [L. sanctus.] 1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue. It is particularly applied to the apostles and other holy persons mentioned in Scripture. A hypocrite may imitate a saint. Ps. 16.2. One of the blessed in heaven. Rev. 18.3. The holy angels are called saint. Deut. 33. Jude 14.4. One canonized by the church of Rome. SAINT, v.t. To number or enroll among saints by an official act of the pope; to canonize. Over against the church stands a large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beautified, though never sainted. SAINT, v.i. To act with a show of piety.

Saint-Seeming

SA'INT-SEEMING, adjective Having the appearance of a saint.

Sainted

SA'INTED, participle passive

1. Canonized; enrolled among the saints.

2. adjective Holy; pious; as, thy father was a most sainted king.

3. Sacred; as the gods on sainted hills.

Saintess

SA'INTESS, noun A female saint.

SAINT JOHN'S BREAD, noun A plant of the genus Ceratonia.

SAINT JOHN'S WORT, noun A plant of the genus Hypericum.

Saintfoin

SA'INTFOIN, noun A plant cultivated for fodder, of the genus Hedysarum.

Saintlike

SA'INTLIKE, adjective [saint and like.]

1. Resembling a saint; as a saintlike prince.

2. Suiting a saint; becoming a saint.

Gloss'd over only with a saintlike show.

Saintly

SA'INTLY, adjective Like a saint; becoming a holy person; as wrongs with saintly patience borne.

SAINT PETER'S WORT, noun A plant of the genus Ascyrum, and another of the genus Hypericum.

SA'INT'S BELL, noun A small bell rung in churches when the priest repeats the words sancte, sancte, sancte, Deus sabaoth, that persons absent might fall on their knees in reverence of the holy office.

Saintship

SA'INTSHIP, noun The character or qualities of a saint.

Sajene

SAJE'NE, noun [written also sagene. Tooke writes it sajene ]

A Russian measure of length, equal to seven feet English measure.

Sake

SAKE, noun [Heb. to press or oppress. The primary sense is to strain, urge, press or drive forward, and this is from the same root as seek, essay and Latin sequor, whence we have pursue and prosecute. We have analogous words in cause, thing, and the Latin res.]

1. Final cause; end; purpose; or rather the purpose of obtaining. I open a window for the sake of air, that is, to obtain it, for the purpose of obtaining air. I read for the sake of instruction, that is, to obtain it. sake then signifies primarily effort to obtain, and secondarily purpose of obtaining. The hero fights for the sake of glory; men labor for the sake of subsistence or wealth.

2. Account; regard to any person or thing.

I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake Genesis 8:21.

Save me for thy mercies' sake Psalms 6:4.

Saker

SA'KER, noun

1. A hawk; a species of falcon.

2. A piece of artillery.

Sakeret

SAK'ERET, noun The male of the sakerhawk.

Sal

SAL, noun [See Salt.] Salt; a word much used in chimistry and pharmacy.

Sal-Alembroth

SAL-ALEMBROTH, noun A compound muriate of mercury and ammonia.

Salable

SA'LABLE, adjective [from sale.] That may be sold; that finds a ready market; being in good demand.

Salableness

SA'LABLENESS, noun The state of being salable.

Salably

SA'LABLY, adverb In a salable manner.

Salacious

SALA'CIOUS, adjective [Latin salax, from the root of sal, salt; the primary sense of which is shooting, penetrating, pungent, coinciding probably with Latin salio, to leap. salacious then is highly excited, or prompt to leap.] Lustful; lecherous.

Salaciously

SALA'CIOUSLY, adverb Lustfully; with eager animal appetite.

Salaciousness

SALA'CIOUSNESS,

SALAC'ITY, noun Lust; lecherousness; strong propensity to venery.

Salacity

SALAC'ITY, n. Lust; lecherousness; strong propensity to venery.

Salad

SAL'AD, noun

Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to other food.

Leaves eaten raw, are termed salad

Salading

SAL'ADING, noun Vegetables for salads.

Salam

SALAM', noun [Oriental, peace or safety.] A salutation or compliment of ceremony or respect. [Not in use.]

Salamander

SAL'AMANDER, noun [Latin Gr. salamandra.] An animal of the genus Lacerta or Lizard, one of the smaller species of the genus, not being more than six or seven inches in length. It has a short cylindrical tail, four toes on the four feet, and a naked body. The skin is furnished with small excrescences like teats, which are full of holes from which oozes a milky liquor that spreads over the skin, forming a kind of transparent varnish. The eyes are placed in the upper part of the head. The color is dark, with a bluish cast on the belly, intermixed with irregular yellow spots. This animal is oviparous, inhabits cold damp places among trees or hedges, avoiding the heat of the sun. The vulgar story of its being able to endure fire, is a mistake.

Salamander's hair or wool, a name given to a species of asbestos or mineral flax; I believe no long used.

Salamandrine

SALAMAN'DRINE, adjective Pertaining to or resembling a salamander; enduring fire.

Sal ammoniac, muriate of ammonia. The native sal ammoniac is of two kinds, volcanic and conchoidal.

Salaried

SAL'ARIED, adjective Enjoying a salary.

Salary

SAL'ARY, noun [Latin salarium; said to be from sal, salt, which was part of the pay of Roman soldiers.]

The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to a person for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by the year, as to governors, magistrates, settled clergymen, instructors of seminaries, or other officers, civil or ecclesiastical. When wages are stated or stipulated by the month, week or day, we do not call the compensation salary but pay or wages; as in the case of military men and laborers.