Shackles – Shawm

Shackles

SHACK'LES,

1. Fetters, gyves, handcuffs, cords or something else that confines the limbs so as to restrain the use of them, or prevent free motion.

2. That which obstructs or embarrasses free action.

His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South.

Shackling

SHACK'LING, participle present tense Fettering; binding; confining.

Shad

SHAD, noun It has no plural termination. Shad is singular or plural. A fish, a species of Clupea. Shad enter the rivers in England and America in the spring in immense numbers.

Shaddock

SHAD'DOCK, noun A variety of the orange (Citrus aurantium; ) pampelmoe. A large species of orange (Citrus decumana.)

Shade

SHADE, noun [Latin scutum, a shield.]

1. Literally, the interception, cutting of or interruption of the rays of light; hence, the obscurity which is caused by such interception. Shad differs from shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit. whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. Hence when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its extent.

2. Darkness; obscurity; as the shades of night.

3. An obscure place, properly in a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays; an hence, a secluded retreat.

Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there

Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak.

4. A screen; something that intercepts light or heat.

5. Protection; shelter. [See Shadow.]

6. In painting, the dark part of the picture.

7. Degree or gradation of light.

White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green, come only in by the eyes. Locke.

8. A shadow. [See Shadow.]

Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope. [This is allowable in poetry.]

9. The soul, after its separation from the body; so called because the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch; a spirit; aghost; as the shades of departed heroes.

Swift as thought, the flitting shade- Dryden.

SHADE, verb transitive

1. To shelter or screen from light by intercepting its rays; and when applied to the rays of the sun, it segnifies to shelter from light and heat; as, a large tree shades the plants under its branches; shaded vegetables rarely come to perfection.

I went to the sylvan scenes,

And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden.

2. To overspread with darkness or obscurity; to obscure.

Thou shad'st

The full blaze of thy beams. Milton.

3. To shelter; to hide.

Ere in your own house I do shade my head. Shak.

4. To cover from injury; to protect; to screen.

5. To paint in obscure colors; to darken.

6. Tjo mark with gradations of color; as the shading pencil.

7. To darken; to obscure.

Shaded

SHA'DED, participle passive Defended from the rays of the sun; darkened.

Shader

SHA'DER, noun He or that which shades.

Shadiness

SHA'DINESS, noun [from shady.] The state of being shady; umbrageousness; as the shadiness of the forest.

Shading

SHA'DING, participle present tense Sheltering from the sun's rays.

Shadow

SHAD'OW, noun

1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a plane and represtnting the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as the shadow of a man, of a tree or a tower. The shadow of the earth in in an eclipse of the moon is proof of its sphericity.

2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.

Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.

3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat or influence of the air.

In secret shadow from the sunny ray,

On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Spenser.

4. Obscure place; secluded retreat.

To secret shadows I retire. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. Dark part of a picture. Obs. [In the last two senses, shade is now used.]

6. A spirit; a ghost. Obs. [In this sense, shade is now used.]

7. In painting, the representation of a real shadow

8. An imperfect and faint representation; opposed to substance.

The law of having a shadow of good things to come. Hebrews 10:1.

9. Inseparable companion.

Sin and her shadow, death. Milton.

10. Type; mystical representaion.

Types and shadows of that destin'd seed. Milton.

11. Protection; shelter; favor.

12. Slight or faint appearance.

Shadow of death, terrible darkness, trouble or death.

SHAD'OW, verb transitive

1. To overspread with obscurity.

The warlike elf much wonder'd at this tree

So fair and great, that shadow'd all the ground. Spenser. [Shade is more generally used.]

2. To cloud; to darken.

The shadow'd livery of the burning sun. Shak.

3. To make cool; to refresh by shade; or to shade.

Flowery fields and shadowed waters. Sidney.

4. To conceal; to hide; to screen.

Let every soldier hew him down a bough,

And bear't before him; thereby shall we shadow

The number of our host. [Unusual.] Shak.

5. To protect; to screen from danger; to shroud.

Shadowing their right under your wings of war. Shak.

6. To mark with slight gradations of color or light. [In this sense, shade is chiefly used.]

7. to paint in obscure colors; as void spaces deeply shadowed.

8. To represent faintly or imperfectly.

Augustus is shadowed in the person of adjectiveEneas. Dryden.

9. To represent typically. The healing power of the serpent shadoweth the efficacy of Christ's righteousness. [The two last senses are in use. In place of the others, shade is now more generally used.]

Shadow-Grass

SHAD'OW-GRASS, noun A kind of grass so called. [Gramen sylvaticum.]

Shadowed

SHAD'OWED, participle passive Represented imperfectly or typically.

Shadowing

SHAD'OWING, participle present tense Representing by faint or imperfect resemblance.

SHAD'OWING, noun Shade or gradation of light and color. [This should be shading.]

Shadowy

SHAD'OWY, adjective

1. Full of shade; dark; gloomy.

This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak.

2. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.

More pleasant light

Shadowy sets off the face of things. Milton.

3. Faintly representative; typical; as shadowy expiations.

4. Unsubstantial; unreal.

Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death. Addison.

5. Dark; obscure; opake.

By command ere yet dim night

Her shadowy cloud withdraws. Milton.

Shady

SHA'DY, adjective [from shade.]

1. Abounding with shade or shades; overspread with shade.

And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.

2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.

Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for the summer and warm for the winter. Bacon.

Shaeful

SHA'EFUL, noun adjective [shame and full.]

1. That brings shame or disgrace; scandalous; disgraceful; injurious to reputation. It expresses less than infamous and ignominious.

His naval preparations were not more suprising than his quick and shameful retreat. Arbuthnot.

2. Indecent; taising shame in others.

Phoebus flying so most shameful sight. Spenser.

Shaffle

SHAF'FLE, verb intransitive [See Shuffle.] To hobble or limp. [Not in use.]

Shaffler

SHAF'FLER, noun A hobbler; one that limps. [Not in use.]

Shaft

SH'AFT, noun L. scapus; from the root of shape, from setting, or shooting, extending.]

1. An arrow; a missile weapin; as the archer and the shaft

So loftly was the pile, a Parthian bow

Whith vigor drawn must send the shaft below. Dryden.

2. In mining, a pit or long narrow opening or entrance into a mine. [This may possibly be a different word, as in German it is written schacht, Dan. skaegte.]

3. In architecture, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between the base and the capital.

4. Any thing straight; as the shaft of a steeple, and many other things.

5. The stem or stock of a fether or quill.

6. The pole of a carriage, sometimes called tongue or neap. The thills of a chaise or geg are also called shafts.

7. The handle of a weapon.

Shaft, or white-shaft, a species of Trochilus or humming bird, having a bill twenty lines in levgth, and two long fethers in the middle of its tail.

Shafted

SH'AFTED, adjective Having a handle; a term in heraldry, applied to a spearhead.

Shaftment

SH'AFTMENT, noun A span, a measure of about six inches. [Not in use.]

Shag

SHAG, noun

1. Coarse hair or nap, or rough wooly hair.

True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay.

2. A kind of cloth having a long coarse nap.

3. In orinthology, an aquatic fowl, the Pelecanus graculus; in the north of England called the crave.

SHAG, adjective Hairy; shaggy.

SHAG, verb transitive

1. To make rough or hairy.

Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. J. Barlow.

2. To make rough or shaggy; to deform.

Shagged

SHAG'GED, adjective

Shaggedness

SHAG'GEDNESS, noun

Shagginess

SHAG'GINESS, The state of being shaggt; roughness with long losse hair or wool.

Shaggy

SHAG'GY,

1. Rough with long hair or wool.

About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. Dryden.

2. Rough; rugged; as the shaggy tops of hills.

And throw the shaggy spoils about your shoulders. Addison.

Shagreen

SHAGREE'N, noun A kind of grained leather prepared of the skin of a fish, a species of Squalus. To prepare it, the skin is stretched and covered with mustard seed, which is bruised upon it. The skin is then exposed to the weather for some days, and afterwards tanned.

SHAGRE'EN, adjective Made of the lether called shagreen

SHAGREEN, for chagrin. [See Chagrin.]

Shah

SHAH, noun A Persian signifying king.

Shaik

SHAIK, noun

Shail

SHAIL, verb transitive To walk sidewise. [Low and not in use.]

[This word is probably the G. schielen, Dan. skieler, to squint.]

Shake

SHAKE, verb transitive preterit tense shook; participle passive shaken.

1. To cause to move with quick vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to agitate; as, the wind shakes a tree; an earthquake shakes the hills or the earth.

I shook my lap, and said, so God shake out every man from his house-

Nehemiah 5:13

He shook the sacred honors of his head. Dryden.

-As a fig casteth her untimely fruit, when it is shaken of a mighty wind.

Revelation 6:1.

2. To make to totter or tremble.

The rapid wheels shake the heav'n's basis. Milton.

3. To cause to shiver; as, an ague shakes the whole frame.

4. To throw down by a violent motion.

Macbeth is ripe for shaking. Shak.

[But see shake off, which is generally used.]

5. To throw away; to drive off.

'Tis our first intent

To shake all cares and business from our age. [See Shake off.] Shak.

6. To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to endanger; to threaten to overthrow. Nothing should shake our belief in the being and perfections of God, and in our own accountableness.

7. To cause to waver or doubt; to impair the resolution of; to depress the courage of.

That ye be not soon shaken in mind. 2 Thessalonians 2:1.

8. To trill; as, to shake a note in music.

To shake hands, sometimes, to unite with; to aggree or contract with; more generally, to take leave of, from the practice of shaking hands at meeting and parting.

To shake off, to drive off; to throw off or down by violence; as, to shake off the dust of the feet; also, to rid one's self; to free from; to divest of; as, to shake off disease or grief; to shake off troublesome dependents.

SHAKE, verb intransitive

1. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; as, the tree shakes with the wind; the house shakes in a tempest.

The foundations of the earth do shake. Isaiah 24:18.

2. To tremble; to shiver; to quake; as, a man shakes in an ague; or he shakes with cold, or with terror.

3. To totter.

Under his burning wheels

The steadfast empyrean shook throught,

All but the throne itself of God. Milton.

SHAKE, noun

1. Concussion; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and the other; agitation.

The great soldier's honor was composed of thicker stuff which could endure a shake. Herbert.

2. A trembling or shivering; agitation.

3. A motion of hands clasped.

Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. Addison.

4. In music, a trill; a rapid reiteration of two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one whole tone, nor less than a semitone.

Shaken

SHAKEN, participle passive sha'kn.

1. Impelled with a vacillating motion; agitated.

2. adjective Cracked or split; as shaken timber.

Nor is the wood shaken nor twisted, as those about Capetown. Barrow.

[Our mechanics usually pronounce this shaky, forming the word from shake, like pithy, from pith.]

Shaker

SHA'KER, noun

1. A person or thing that shakes or agitates; as the shaker of the earth.

2. In the United States, shakers is the name given to the very singular sect of Christians, so called from the agitations or movements whisc characterize their worship.

Shaking

SHA'KING, participle present tense Impelling to a wavering motion; causing to vacillate or waver; agitating.

2. Trembling; shivering; quaking.

SHA'KING, noun

1. The act of shaking or agitating; brandishing.

2. Concussion.

3. A trembling or shivering.

Shaky

SHA'KY, adjective Cracked, as timber.

Shal

SHAL, verb auxiliary. pret, should. [Latin scelus.]

Shale

SHALE, verb transitive To peel. [Not in use. See Shell.]

SHALE, noun

1. A shell or husk.

2. In natural history, a species of shist or shistous clay; slate clay; generall of a bluish or yellowish gray color, more rarely of a dark blackish or reddish gray, or grayish black, or greenish color. Its fracture is slaty, and in water it molders into powder. It is often found in strata in coal mines, and commonly bears vegetable impressions. It is generally the forerunner of coal.

Bituminous shale is is a subvariety of argillaceous slate, is impregnated with bitumen, and burns with flame.

Shall

SHALL,

1. Shall is primarily in the present, and in our mother tongue was followed by a verb in the infinitive, like other verbs. 'Ic sceal fram the beon gefullod.' I have need to be baptized of thee. 'Ic nu sceal singan sar-cwidas.' I must now sing mornful songs.

We still use shall and should before another verb in the infinitive, without the sign to; but significance of shall is considerably deflected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the tenses. In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the infinitive, forms the future tense; but its force and effect are different with different persons or personal pronouns. Thus in the first person, shall simply foretells or declares what will take place; as, I or we shall ride to town on Monday. This declaration simply informs another of a fact that is to take place. The sense of shall here is changed from an expression of need or duty, to that of previous statement or information, grounded on intention or resolution. When uttered with emphasis, 'I shall go, ' it expresses firm determination, but not a promise.

2. In the second and third persons, shall implies a promise, command or determination. 'You shall receive your wages, ' 'he shall receive his wages, ' imply that you or he ought to receive them; but usage gives these phrases the force of a promise in the person uttering them.

When shall is uttered with emphasis in such phrases, it expresses determination in the speaker, and implies an authority to enforce the act. 'Do you refuse to go? Does he refuse to go? But you or he shall go.'

3. Shall I go, shall he go, interrogatively, asks, for permission or direction. But shall you go, asks for information of another's intention.

4. But after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply foretells. He says that he shall leave town to-morrow. So also in the second person; you say that you shall ride to-morrow.

5. After if, and some verbs which expresscondition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply foretells; as,

If I shall say, or we shall say,

Thou shalt say, ye or you shall say,

He shall say, they shall say.

6. Should, in the first person, implies a conditional event. 'I should have written a letter yesterday, had I not been interrupted.' Or it expresses obligation, and that in all the persons.

I should, have paid the bill on demand; it was my duty, your duty, his duty to

Thou shouldest, pay the bill on demand, but it was not paid.

He should,

You should,

7. Should, though properly the past tense of shall, is often used to express a contingent future event; as, if it should rain to-morrow; if you should go to London next week; if he should arrive within a month. In like manner after though, grant, admit, allow.

Shalloon

SHALLOON', noun A slight woolen stuff.

Shallop

SHAL'LOP, noun [This word is changed into sloop; but the two words have now different significations.]

1. A sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like a schooner.

2. A small light vessel with a main-mast and fore-mast, with lug-sails.

Shallow

SHAL'LOW, adjective

1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal; as shallow water; a shallow stream; a shallow brook.

2. Not deep; not entering far into the earth; as a shallow furrow; a shallow trench.

3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects; superficial; as a shallow mind or understanding; shallow skill.

Deep vers'd in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.

SHAL'LOW, noun A shoal; a shelf; a flat; a sand-bank; any place where the water is not deep.

A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of gravel.

Bacon.

Dash'd on the shallows of the moving sand. Dryden.

SHAL'LOW, verb transitive To make shallow [Little used.]

Shallow-Brained

SHAL'LOW-BRAINED, adjective Weak in the intellect; foolish; empty headed.

Shallowly

SHAL'LOWLY, adverb

1. With little depth.

2. Superficially; simply; without depth of thought or judgement; not wisely.

Shallowness

SHAL'LOWNESS, noun

1. Want of depth; small depth; as the shallowness of water, of a river, of a stream.

2. Superficialness of intellect; want of power to enter deeply into subjects; emptiness; stillness.

Shalm

SHALM, noun A kind of musical pipe. [Not used.]

Shalote

SHALO'TE, noun The French echalote anglicized. [See Eschalot.]

Shalstone

SHAL'STONE, noun A mineral found only in the Bannet of Temeswar, of a grayish, yellowish or reddish white; tafelspath.

Shalt

SHALT, the second person singular of shall; as, thou shalt not steal.

Sham

SHAM, noun That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints; delusion; imposture. [Not an elegant word.]

Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison.

SHAM, adjective False; counterfeit; pretended; as a sham fight.

SHAM, verb transitive

1. To deceive expectation; to trick to cheat; to delude with false pretenses.

They find themselves fooled and shammed into conviction. [Not elegant.]

L'Estrange.

2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition.

SHAM, verb intransitive To make mocks.

Shaman

SHAM'AN, noun In russia, a wizzard or conjurer, who by enchantment pretends to cure diseases, ward off misfortunes and foretell events.

Shambles

SHAM'BLES, noun [Latin scamnum a bench; from Latin scando.]

1. The place where butcher's meat is sold; a flesh-market.

2. In mining, a nich or shelf at suitable distances to receive the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus raised to the top.

Shambling

SHAM'BLING, adjective [from scamble, scambling.] Moving with an awkward, irregular, cumsy pace; as a shambling trot; shambling legs.

SHAM'BLING, noun An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or gait.

Shame

SHAME, noun

1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of having done something which injures reputation; or by of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame is particularly excited by the disclosure of actions which, in the view of men, are mean and degrading. Hence it it is often or always manifested by a downcast look or by blushes, called confusion of face.

Hide, for shame,

Romans, your grandsires' images,

That blush at their degenerate progeny. Dryden.

Shame prevails when reason is defeated. Rambler.

2. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others. Thus an idol is called a shame.

Guides, who are the shame of religion. South.

3. Reproach; ignominy; derision; contempt.

Ye have born the shame of the heathen. Ezekiel 36:6.

4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered.

5. Dishonor; disgrace.

SHAME, verb transitive

1. To make ashamed; to excite a consciousness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputation; to cause to blush.

Who shames a scribbler, breaks a cobweb through. Pope.

I write not these things to shame you. 1 Corinthians 4:14.

2. To disgrace.

And with foul cowardice his carcass shame. Spenser.

3. To mock at.

Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor. Psalms 14:6.

SHAME, verb intransitive To be ashamed.

To its trunk authors give such a magnitude, as I shame to repeat. Raleigh.

Shamed

SHA'MED, participle passive Made ashamed.

Shamefaced

SHA'MEFACED, adjective Bashful; easily confused or put out of countenance. A man may be shamefaced to excess.

Conscience is a blushing shamefaced spirit. Shak.

Your shamefac'd virtue shunn'd the people's praise. Dryden.

Shamefacedly

SHA'MEFACEDLY, adverb Bashfully; with excessive modesty.

Shamefacedness

SHA'MEFACEDNESS, noun Bashfulness; excess of modesty.

Shamefully

SHA'MEFULLY, adverb

1. Disgracefully; in a manner to bring reproach. He shamefully deserted his friend.

2. With indignity or indecency; in a manner that may cause shame.

How shamefully that maid he did torment. Spenser.

Shamefulness

SHA'MEFULNESS, noun Disgracefulness.

Shameless

SHA'MELESS, adjective [shame and less.]

1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; impudent; brazen-faced; immodest; audacious; insensible to disgrace.

Such shameless bards we have. Pope.

2. Done without shame; indicating want of shame; as a shameless denial of truth.

Shamelessly

SHA'MELESSLY, adverb Without shame; impudently; as a man shamelessly wicked.

Shamelessnes

SHA'MELESSNES, noun Destitution of shame; want of sensiblity to desgrace or dishonor; impudence.

He that blushes not at his crime, but adds shamelessness to shame, has nothing left to restore him to virture. Taylor.

Shamer

SHA'MER, noun One who makes ashamed; that which confounds.

Shaming

SHA'MING, participle present tense Making ashamed; causing to blush; confounding.

Shammer

SHAM'MER, noun [from sham.] One that shams; an imposter. [Low.]

Shammy

SHAM'MY,

1. A species of wild goat, (Capra rupicapra, goat of the rocks, ) inhabiting the mountains of Savoy, Piedmont, and Pyrenees.

The shamois is now considered as a species of antelope, (Antelope rupicapra.)

2. A kind of sether prepared from the skin of the wild goat. It is dressed in oil or tanned, much esteemed for its softness, pliancey and quality of bearing soap without damage. A great part of the lether which bears this name is conterfeit, being made of the skin of the common goat, the kid. or even of sheep.

Shamois

SHAMOIS, noun

Shamrock

SHAM'ROCK, noun The Irish name for three-leafed grass.

Shank

SHANK, noun

1. The whole joint from the knee to the ankle. In a horse, th epart of the fore leg between the knee and footlock.

2. The tibia or large bone of the leg; as crooked shanks.

3. The long part of an instrument; as the shank of a key.

The beam or shaft of an anchor.

4. A plant. [bryonia.]

Shank-Painter

SHANK-PAINTER, noun With seamen, a short rope and chain which sustains the shank and flukes of an anchor against the ship's side, as the stopper fastens the ring and stock to the cat-head.

Shanked

SHANK'ED, adjective Having a shank.

Shanker

SHANK'ER, noun A malignent ulcer, usually occasioned by some venereal complaint.

Shanscrit

SHAN'SCRIT, noun The Sanscrit, or ancient language of Hindoostan. [See Sanscrit.]

Shanty

SHANTY, for janty, gay; showy. [Not in use or local.]

Shape

SHAPE, verb transitive preterit tense shaped; participle passive shaped or shapen.

1. To form or create.

I was shapen in iniquity. Psalms 51:1.

2. To mold or make into a particular form; to give form or figure to; as, to shape a garment.

Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd her face. Prior.

3. To mold; to cast; to regulate; to adjust; to adapt to a purpose. He shapes his plans or designs to the temper of the times.

4. To direct; as, to shape a course.

5. To image; to conceive.

Oft my jealousy

Shapes faults that are not. Shak.

SHAPE, verb intransitive To square; to suit; to be adjusted.

SHAPE, noun

1. Form or figure as constituted by lines and angles; as the shape of a horse or a tree; the shape of the head, hand or foot.

2. External appearance.

He beat me grievously in the shape of a woman. Shak.

3. The form of the trunk of the human boky; as a clumsy shape; an elegant shape.

4. A being as endowed with form.

Before the gates are sat,

On either side, a formidable shape. Milton.

5. Idea; pattern.

6. Form. This application comes before the legislature in the shape of a memorial.

7. Manner.

Shaped

SHA'PED, participle passive Formed; molded; cast; conceived.

Shapelessness

SHA'PELESSNESS, noun Destitution of regular form.

Shapely

SHA'PELY, adjective [from shape.] Well formed; having a regular shapr; symmetrical.

Shapen

SHA'PEN,

Shapesess

SHA'PESESS, adjective Destitute of regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; as deformed and shapeless.

The shapeless rock or hanging precipice. Pope.

Shapesmith

SHA'PESMITH, noun [shape and smith.] One that undertakes to improve the form of the body. [In burlesque.]

Shaping

SHA'PING, participle present tense Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; giving form.

Shapliness

SHA'PLINESS, noun [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion of form. [Little used.]

Shard

SH'ARD, noun

1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel or of any brittle substance. Obs.

2. The shell of an egg or of a snail.

3. A plant. [chard.]

4. A frith or strait; as a perilous shard.

5. A gap.

6. A fish.

Shardborn

SH'ARDBORN, adjective [shard and born.] Born or produced among among fragments, or in crevices; as the shardborn beetle.

Johnson suggests that shard may perhaps signify the sheath of the witgs of insects. In this case, the word should be written shardborne, and defined, born in the air by sheathed wings. Such is Todd's explanation of the word in Shakespeare. The word shard may perhaps be used for the crustaceous wing of an insect, but I know not that such a sense is legitimate. [See Sharded.]

Sharded

SHA'RDED, adjective Having wings sheathed with a hard case; as the sharded beetle. Inhabiting shards.

Share

SHARE, noun

1. a part; a portion; a quantity; as a small share of prudence or good sense.

2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a number in common; that part of an undivided interest which belongs to each proprietor; as a ship owned in ten shares; a Tontine buildind owned in a hundred shares.

3. The part of a thing allotted or distributed to each individual of a number; divided; separate portion. Each heir has received his share of the estate.

4. A part belonging to one; portion possessed.

Nor I without my share of fame. Dryden.

5. A part contributed. He bears his share of the burden.

6. The broad iron or blade of a plow which cuts the ground; or a furrow-slice.

To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned.

SHARE, verb transitive

1. To divide; to part among two or more.

Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger.

Swift.

And share his burden where he shares his heart. Dryden.

2. To partake or enjoy with others; to seize and possess jointly in common.

Great Jove with Cesar shares his sov'reign sway. Milton.

While avarice and rapine share the land. Milton.

3. To cut; to share [Not now in use.]

And the shar'd vilage hangs on equal sides. Dryden.

SHARE, verb intransitive To have part.

A right of inheritance gave everyone a title to share the goods of his father.

Locke.

Share-Bone

SHA'RE-BONE, noun The ossa pubis.

Shared

SHA'RED, participle passive Held or enjoyed with another or others; divided; distributed in shares

Shareholder

SHA'REHOLDER, noun [share and holder.] One that holds or owns a share in a joint fund or property.

One of the proprietors of the mine, who was a principle shareholder in the company, died. Med. Repos.

Sharer

SHA'RER, noun A partaker; one that participates any thing with another; one who enjoys or suffers in common with anotheror others; as a sharer in another's good fortune; a sharer in the toils of war; a sharer in a ladies affections.

Sharing

SHA'RING, participle present tense Partaking; having a part with another; enjoying or suffering with others.

SHA'RING, noun Participation.

Shark

SH'ARK, noun [Latin carcharius; Gr. from sharp.]

1. A voracious fish of the genus Squalus, of several species. The body is oblong, tapering and rough, and some species have several rows of serrated teeth. The largest grow to the length of thirty feet.

2. A greedy artful fellow; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks. [Low.]

3. Trick; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Little used.]

4. In New England, one that lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem.

SH'ARK, verb transitive To pick up hastily, slily or in small quantities. [Low.]

SH'ARK, verb intransitive

1. To play the petty thief; or rather to live by shifts and petty stratagems. [In New England, the common pronunciation is shurk, but the word rarely implies fraud.]

2. To cheat; to trick. [Low.]

3. To fawn upon for a dinner; to beg.

To shark out, to slip out or escape by low artifices. [Vulgar.]

Sharker

SH'ARKER, noun One that lives by sharking; an artful fellow.

Sharking

SH'ARKING, participle present tense Picking up in haste; living by petty rapine, or by shifts and devices.

SH'ARKING, noun

1. Petty rapine; trick.

2. The seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices.

Sharp

SH'ARP, adjective

1. Having a very thin edge or a fine point; keen; acute; not blunt. Thus we may say, a sharp knife, or a sharp needle. A sharp edge easily severs a substance; a sharp point is easily made to penetrate, it.

2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse; as, a hills terminates in a sharp peak, or a sharp ridge.

3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the ridge; as a sharp roof.

4. Acute of mind; quick to discern or distinguish; penetrating; ready at invention; witty; ingenious.

Nothing makes men sharper than want. Addison.

Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have not yet obtained clear ideas. Watts.

5. Being of quick or nice perception; applied to the senses or organs of perception; as a sharp eye; sharp sight.

6. Affecting the organs of taste like fine points; piercing; penetrating; shrill; as sharp vinegar; sharp tasted citrons.

7. Affecting the organs of hearing like sharp points; poercing; penetrating; shrill; as a sharp sound or voice; a sharp not or tone; opposed to a flat note or sound.

8. Severe; harsh; biting; sarcastic; as sharp words; sharp rebuke.

-Be thy words severe,

Sharp as he merits; but the sword forbear. Dryden.

9. Severely rigid; quick or severe in punishing; cruel.

To that place the sharp Athenian law

Cannot pursue us. Shak.

10. Eager for food; keen; as a sharp appetite.

11. Eager in pursuit; deen in quest,

My faulchion now is sharp and passing empty. Shak.

12. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; as a sharp contest.

A sharp assault already is begun. Dryden.

13. Keen; severe; pungent; as sharp pain.

14. Very painful or distressing; as sharp tribulation; a sharp fit of the gout.

15. Very attentive or vigilant.

Sharp at her utmost ken she cast her eyes. Dryden.

16. Making nice calculations of profit; or close and exact in making bargains or demanding dues.

17. Biting; pinching; piercing; as sharp air; sharp wind or weather.

18. Subtil; nice; witty; acute; used of things; as a sharp discourse.

19. Among workmen, hard; as sharp sand.

20. Emanciated; lean; thin; as a sharp visage.

To brace sharp, in seamanship, to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lay well up to the wind.

SH'ARP, noun

1. In music, an acute sound.

2. A note artificially raised a semitone; or,

3. The character which directs the note to be thus elevated; opposed to a flat, which depresses a note a semitone.

4. A pointed weapon. [Not in use.]

SH'ARP, verb transitive

1. To make keen or acute.

2. To render quick.

3. To mark with a sharp in musical composition; or to raise a not a semitone.

SH'ARP, verb intransitive To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper.

Sharp-Edged

SH'ARP-EDG'ED, adjective Having a fine keen edge.

Sharp-Set

SH'ARP-SET, adjective [sharp and set.]

1. Eager in appetite; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as an eagle or a lion sharp-set.

2. Eager in the desire for gratification.

The town is sharp-set on new plays. Pope.

Sharp-Shooter

SH'ARP-SHOOTER, noun [Sharp and shoot.] One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; one skilled with the use of the rifle.

Sharp-Sighted

SH'ARP-SIGHTED, adjective [sharp and sight.]

1. Having quick or acute sight; as a sharp-sighted eagle or hawk.

2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding; as a sharp-sighted opponent; sharp-sighted judgement.

Sharp-Visaged

SH'ARP-VISAGED, adjective [sharp and visage.] Having a sharp or thin face.

Sharp-Witted

SH'ARP-WITTED, adjective Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.

Sharpen

SHARPEN, verb transitive

1. To make sharp; to give a keen edge or a fine point to a thing; to edge; to point; as, to sharpen a knife, an ax or the teeth of a saw; to sharpen a sword.

All of the Israelites went down to the Philistines to sharpen every man his share and his coulter, and his ax and his mattock. 1 Samuel 8:1.

2. To make more eager or active; as, to sharpen the edge of industry.

3. To make more pungent and painful. The abuse of wealth and greatness may hereafter sharpen the sting of conscience.

4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. The wit or the intellect is sharpened by study.

5. To render perception more quick or acute.

Th' air sharpen'd his visual ray

To objects distant far. Milton.

6. To render more keen; to make more eager for food or for any gratification; as, to sharpen the appetite; to sharpen a desire.

7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. Sharpen each word.

8. To render less flat, or more shrill or piercing.

Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon.

9. To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar.

10. To make more distressing; as, to sharpen grief or other evis.

11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp.

SH'ARPEN, verb intransitive To grow or become sharp.

Sharper

SH'ARPER, noun A shrewd man in making bargains; a tricking fellow; a cheat in bargaining or gaming.

Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind. L'Estrange.

Sharply

SH'ARPLY, adverb

1. With a keen edge or a fine point.

2. Severely; rigorously; roughly.

They are to be more sharply chastised and reformed than the rude Irish.

Spenser.

3. Keenly; acutely; vigorously; as the mind and memory sharply exercised.

4. Violently; vehemently.

At the arrival of English embassadors, the soldiers were sharply assailed with wants. Hayward.

5. With keen perception; exactly; minutely.

You contract your eye, when you would see sharply. Bacon.

6. Acutely; wittily; with nice discernment.

Sharpness

SH'ARPNESS, noun

1. Keenness of an edge or point; as the sharpness of a razor or a dart.

2. Not obtuseness.

3. Pungency; acidity; as the sharpness of vinegar.

4. Pungency of pain; keenness; severity of pain or affliction; as the sharpness of pain, grief or anguish.

5. Painfulness; afflictiveness; as the sharpness or calamity.

And the best quarrels in the heat are curst

By those that feel their sharpness. Shak.

6. Sverity of language; pungency; satirical sarcasm; as the sharpness of a satire or rebuke.

Some did all folly with just sharpness blame. Dryden.

7. Acuteness of intellect; the power of nice discernment; quickness of understanding; ingenuity; as sharpness of wit or understanding.

8. Quickness of sense or perception; as the sharpness of sight.

9. Keenness; sverity as the sharpness of the air or weather.

Shaster

SHAS'TER, noun Among the Hindoos, a sacred book containing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramis and the ceremonies of their worship, and serving as a commentary on the Vedam. It consists of three parts; the first containing the moral law of the Hindoos; the second the rites and ceremonies of their religion; the third the distribution of the people into tribes or classes, with the duties pertaining to each.

Shatter

SHAT'TER, verb transitive

1. To braek at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into fragments; as, explosion shatters a rock or bomb; lightning shatters the sturdy oak; steam shatters a boiler; a monarchy is shattered by revolt.

2. To rend; to crack; to split; to rive into splinters.

3. To dissapate; to make incapable of close and continued application; as a man of shattered humor.

4. To disorder; to derange; to render delirious; as, to shatter teh brain, the man seems to be shattered in his intellect.

SHAT'TER, verb intransitive To be broken into fragments; to fall or crumble to pieces by any force applied.

Some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.

Shatter-Brained

SHAT'TER-BRAINED, adjective [shatter and brain or pated.]

Shatter-Pated

SHAT'TER-PATED,

1. Disordered or wandering in intellect.

2. Heedless wild; not consistent.

Shattered

SHAT'TERED, participle passive Broken or dashed to pieces; rent; disordered.

Shattering

SHAT'TERING, participle present tense Dashing or breaking to pieces; rending; disordering.

Shatters

SHAT'TERS, noun [I believe used only in the plural.] The fragments of any thing forcibly rent or broken; used chiefly or solely in the phrases, to break or rend into shatters.

Shattery

SHAT'TERY, adjective Brittle; easily falling into many pieces; not compact; loose of texture; as shattery spar.

Shave

SHAVE, verb transitive preterit tense shaved; participle passive shaved or shaven.

1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of the body by a razor or other edged instrument, by rubbing, scraping or drawing the instrument along the surface; as, tto shave the chin and cheeks; to shave the head of its hair.

He shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing. Numbers 6:9.

2. To shave off, to cut off.

Neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard. Leviticus 21:5.

3. To pare close.

The bending sythe

Shaves all the surface of the waving green. Gay.

4. To cut off thin slices; or tho cut in thin slices.

5. To skim along the surface near it; to sweep along.

He shaves with level wing the deep. Milton.

6. To strip; to oppress by extortion; to fleece.

7. To make smooth by paring or cutting off slices; as, to shave hoops or staves.

To shave a note. to purchase it at a great discount, a discount much beyong the legal rate of interest. [A low phrase.]

SHAVE, noun An instrument with a long blade and a handle at each end for shaving hoops, etc.; called also a drawing knife.

Shave-Grass

SHA'VE-GRASS, noun A plant of the genus Equisetum.

Shaved

SHA'VED, participle passive Pared; made smooth with a razor or other cutting instrument; fleeced.

Shaveling

SHA'VELING, noun A man shaved; a friar or religious; in contempt.

Shaver

SHA'VER, noun

1. One that shaves or whose occupation is to shave.

2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer.

This Lewis is a cunning shaver. Swift.

3. One that fleeces; a pillager; a punderer.

By these shavers the Turks werestripped of all they had. Knolles.

SHA'VER, noun A boy or young man. This word is still in common use in New England. It must be numbered among our original words.

Shaving

SHA'VING, participle present tense Paring the surface with a razor or ather sharp instrument; making smooth by paring; fleecing.

SHA'VING, noun

1. The act of paring the surface.

2. A thin slice pared off with a shave, a knife , a plan or other cutting instrument.

Shaw

SHAW, noun A thicket; a small wood. [Local in England. In America not used.]

SHAW'-FOWL, noun [shaw and fowl.] the representation or image of a fowl make by fowlers to shoot at.

Shawl

SHAWL, noun A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. Shawls are of various sizes from that of a hankerchief to that of a counterpane. Shawls were originally manufactured in the heart of India from the fine silky wool of the Thibet sheep, and the best shawls now come from Cashmere; but they are also manufactured in Europe. The largest kinds are used in train-dresses and for long scarfs.

SHAWM, noun A hautboy or cornet; written also shalm, but not in use.

Shawm

SHAWM,