Adversity – Afront

Adversity

ADVERS'ITY, noun An event, or series of events, which oppose success or desire; misfortune; calamity; affliction; distress; state of unhappiness.

In the day of adversity consider. Ecclesiastes 7:14.

Ye have rejected God, who saved you out of all you adversities. 1 Samuel 10:19.

Advert

ADVERT', verb intransitive [Latin adverto, of ad and verto, to turn.]

To turn the mind or attention to; to regard, observe, or notice: with to; as, he adverted to what was said, or to a circumstance that occurred.

Adverted

ADVERT'ED, participle passive Attended to; regarded; with to.

Advertence

ADVERT'ENCE,

ADVERT'ENCY, noun A direction of the mind to; attention; notice; regard; consideration; heedfulness.

Advertency

ADVERT'ENCY, n. A direction of the mind to; attention; notice; regard; consideration; heedfulness.

Advertent

ADVERT'ENT, adjective Attentive; heedful.

Adverting

ADVERT'ING, participle present tense Attending to; regarding; observing.

Advertise

ADVERTI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [See Advert.]

1. To inform; to give notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, or of something future.

I will advertise thee what this people will do to thy people in the latter day. Numbers 24:14.

I thought to advertise thee, saying; buy it before the inhabitants and elders of my people. Ruth 4:4.

In this sense, it has of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his losses.

2. To publish a notice of; to publish a written or printed account of; as, to advertise goods or a farm.

Advertised

ADVERTI'SED, participle passive Informed; notified; warned; used of persons: published; made known; used of things.

Advertisement

ADVER'TISEMENT, noun Information; admonition, notice given. More generally, a publication intended to give notice; this may be, by a short account printed in a newspaper, or by a written account posted, or otherwise made public.

Advertiser

ADVERTI'SER, noun One who advertises. This title is often given to public prints.

Advertising

ADVERTI'SING, participle present tense

1. Informing; giving notice; publishing notice.

2. adjective Furnishing advertisements; as, advertising customers.

3. In the sense of monitory, or active in giving intelligence, as used by Shakespeare. [Not now used.]

Advice

ADVI'CE, noun [Latin viso, to see, to visit.]

1. Counsel; an opinion recommended, or offered, as worthy to be followed.

What advice give ye? 2 Chronicles 10:9.

With good advice make war. Proverbs 20:18.

We may give advice but we cannot give conduct.

2. Prudence; deliberate consideration.

3. Information; notice; intelligence; as, we have late advices from France.

To take advice is to consult with others.

ADVI'CE BOAT, noun A vessel employed to carry dispatches or information.

Advisable

ADVI'SABLE, adjective [See Advise.]

1. Proper to be advised; prudent; expedient; proper to be done or practiced.

It is not advisable to proceed, at this time, to a choice of officers.

2. Open to advice.

Advisableness

ADVI'SABLENESS, noun The quality of being advisable or expedient.

Advise

ADVI'SE, verb transitive s as z. [See Advice.]

1. To give counsel to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; as, I advise you to be cautious of speculation.

2. To give information; to communicate notice; to make acquainted with; followed by of, before the thing communicated; as, the merchants were advised of the risk.

3. To deliberate, consider, or consult.

Advise thyself of what word I shall bring again to him that sent me. 1 Chronicles 21:12.

But in this sense, it is usually intransitive.

ADVI'SE, verb intransitive To deliberate, weigh well, or consider.

Advise and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 2 Samuel 24:13.

To advise with is to consult for the purpose of taking the opinions of others.

Advised

ADVI'SED, participle passive

1. Informed; counseled; also cautious; prudent; acting with deliberation.

Let him be advised in his answers.

With the well advised is wisdom. Proverbs 13:10.

2. Done, formed, or taken with advice or deliberation; intended; as, an advised act or scheme.

Advisedly

ADVI'SEDLY, adverb With deliberation or advice; heedfully; purposely; by design; as, an enterprize advisedly undertaken.

Advisedness

ADVI'SEDNESS, noun Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure.

Advisement

ADVI'SEMENT, noun

1. Counsel; information; circumspection.

2. Consultation.

The action standing continued nisi for advisement

Adviser

ADVI'SER, noun One who gives advice or admonition; also, in a bad sense, one who instigates or persuades.

Advising

ADVI'SING, participle present tense Giving counsel.

ADVI'SING, noun Advice; counsel.

Advisory

ADVI'SORY, adjective

1. Having power to advise.

The general association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches.

2. Containing advice; as, their opinion is merely advisory

Advocacy

AD'VOCACY, noun

1. The act of pleading for; intercession.

2. Judicial pleading; law-suit.

Advocate

AD'VOCATE, noun [Latin advocatus, from advoco, to call for, to plead for; of ad and voco, to call. See Vocal.]

1. advocate in its primary sense, signifies, one who pleads the cause of another in a court of civil law. Hence,

2. One who pleads the cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court, as a barrister in the English courts. We say, a man is a learned lawyer and an able advocate

In Europe, advocates have different titles, according to their particular duties.

Consistorial advocates, in Rome, appear before the Consistory, in opposition to the disposal of benefices.

Elective advocates are chosen by a bishop, abbot, or chapter, with license from the prince.

Feudal advocates were of a military kind, and to attach them to the church, had grants of land, with power to lead the vassals of the church war.

Fiscal advocates, in ancient Rome, defended causes in which the public revenue was concerned.

Juridical advocates became judges, in consequence of their attending causes in the earl's court.

Matricular advocates defended the cathedral churches.

Military advocates were employed by the church to defend it by arms, when force gave law to Europe.

Some advocates were called nominative, from their being nominated by the pope or king; some regular, from their being qualified by a proper course of study. Some were supreme; others, subordinate.

Advocate, in the German polity, is a magistrate, appointed in the emperor's name, to administer justice.

Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of eminent lawyers, who practice in the highest courts, and who are admitted members only upon the severest examination, at three different times. It consists of about two hundred members, and from this body are vacancies on the bench usually supplied.

Lord advocate in Scotland, the principal crown lawyer, or prosecutor of crimes.

Judge advocate in courts martial, a person who manages the prosecution.

In English and American courts, advocates are the same as counsel, or counselors. In England, they are of two degrees, barristers and serjeants; the former, being apprentices or learners, cannot, by ancient custom, be admitted serjeants, till of sixteen years standing.

3. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by argument; one who is friendly to; as, an advocate for peace, or for the oppressed.

In scripture, Christ is called an advocate for his people.

We have an advocate with the father. 1 John 2:1.

AD'VOCATE, verb transitive To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal; to support or vindicate.

Those who advocate a discrimination.

The Duke of York advocated the amendment.

The Earl of Buckingham advocated the original resolution.

The idea of a legislature, consisting of a single branch, though advocated by some, was generally reprobated.

How little claim persons, who advocate this sentiment, really posses to be considered calvinists, will appear from the following quotation.

The most eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause.

A part only of the body, whose cause be advocates, coincide with him in judgment.

Advocated

AD'VOCATED, participle passive Defended by argument; vindicated.

Advocatess

AD'VOCATESS, noun A female advocate.

Advocating

AD'VOCATING, participle present tense Supporting by reasons; defending; maintaining.

Advocation

ADVOCA'TION, noun A pleading for: plea; apology.

A bill of advocation in Scotland, is a written application to a superior court, to call an action before them from an inferior court. The order of the superior court for this purpose is called a letter of advocation

Advoutress

ADVOU'TRESS, noun An adulteress.

Advoutry

ADVOU'TRY, noun Adultery. [Little used.]

Advowee

ADVOWEE', noun

1. He that has the right of advowson.

2. The advocate of a church or religious house.

Advowson

ADVOW'SON, noun s as z. [The word was latinized, advocatio, from advoco, and avow is from advoco.]

In English law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice; or in other words, a right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church. The name is derived from advocatio, because the right was first obtained by such as were founders, benefactors or strenuous defenders, advocates, or the church. those who have this right are styled patrons. Advowsons are of three kinds, presentative, collative, and donative; presentative, when the patron presents his clerk to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted; collative, when the bishop is the patron, and institutes, or collates his clerk, by a single act; donative, when a church is founded by the king, and assigned to the patron, without being subject to the ordinary, so that the patron confers the benefice on his clerk, without presentation, institution, or induction.

Advowsons are also appendant, that is, annexed to a manor; or, in gross, that is annexed to the person of the patron.

Advoyer

ADVOY'ER, or Avoy'er, A chief magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland.

Ady

A'DY, noun The abanga, or Thernel's restorative; a species of Palm tree, in the West Indies, tall, upright, without branches, with a thick branching head, which furnishes a juice of which the natives make a drink by fermentation.

Adz

ADZ, noun An iron instrument with an arching edge, across the line of the handle, and ground from a base on its inside to the outer edge; used for chipping a horizontal surface of timber.

Ae

AE, a diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. In derivatives from the learned languages, it is mostly superseded by e, and convenience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in anglicized words. For such words as may be found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.

Aed

AED, ed, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, signify happy; as, Eadric, happy kingdom; Eadrig, happy victory; Edward prosperous watch; Edgar, successful weapon.

Aedile

AE'DILE, noun [Lat.] In ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate, who had the care of the public buildings, [ades, ] streets, highways, public spectacles, etc.

Aegilops

AE'GILOPS, noun [Gr. a goat and the eye.]

A tumor in the corner of the eye, and a plant so called.

Aegis

AE'GIS, noun [Gr. a goat skin, and shield; from a goat.]

A shield, or defensive armor.

Ael

AEL, Eng. all, are seen in many names; as, in AElfred, Alfred, all peace; AElwin, all conqueror.

Aelf

AELF, seems to be one form of help, but more generally written elph or ulph; as, in AElfwin, victorious aid; AEthelwulph, illustrious help.

Aeolist

AE'OLIST, noun [Latin AEolus.]

A pretender to inspiration.

Aerate

A'ERATE, verb transitive [See Air.] To combine with carbonic acid, formerly called fixed air. [The word has been discarded from modern chimistry.]

Aerated

A'ERATED, participle passive Combined with carbonic acid.

Aerating

A'ERATING, participle present tense Combining with carbonic acid.

Aeration

AERA'TION, noun The act or operation of combining with carbonic acid.

Aerial

AE'RIAL, adjective [Latin aerius. See Air.]

1. Belonging to the air, or atmosphere; as, aerial regions.

2. Consisting of air; partaking of the nature of air; as, aerial particles.

3. Produced by air; as, aerial honey.

4. Inhabiting or frequenting the air; as, aerial songsters.

5. Placed in the air; high; lofty; elevated; as, aerial spires; aerial flight.

Aerians

AE'RIANS, noun In church history, a branch of Arians, so called from Aerius, who maintained, that there is no difference between bishops and priests.

Aerie

A'ERIE, noun The nest of a fowl, as of an eagle or hawk; a covey of birds.

Aerification

AERIFICA'TION, noun

1. The act of combining air with; the state of being filled with air.

2. The act of becoming air or of changing into an aeriform state, as substances which are converted from a liquid or solid form into gas or an elastic vapor; the state of being aeriform.

Aerified

A'ERIFIED, participle passive Having air infused, or combined with.

Aeriform

A'ERIFORM, adjective [Latin aer, air, and forma, form.]

Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. The gases are aeriform fluids.

Aerify

A'ERIFY, verb transitive To infuse air into; to fill with air, or to combine air with.

Aerography

AEROG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. air, and to describe.]

A description of the air or atmosphere; but aerology is chiefly used.

Aerolite

A'EROLITE, noun [Gr. air, and a stone.]

A stone falling from the air, or atmospheric regions; a meteoric stone.

Aerological

AEROLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to aerology.

Aerologist

AEROL'OGIST, noun One who is versed in aerology.

Aerology

AEROL'OGY, n [Gr. air, and description.]

A description of the air; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air, its constituent parts, properties, and phenomena.

Aeromancy

A'EROMANCY, noun [Gr. divination.]

Divination by means of the air and winds. [Little used.]

Aerometer

AEROM'ETER, noun [Gr. air, and measure.]

An instrument for weighing air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of gases.

Aerometry

AEROM'ETRY, noun [as above.] The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation.

Rather, aerometry is the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the gases.

Aeronaut

A'ERONAUT, noun [Gr. a sailor, from a ship.]

One who sails or floats in the air; an aerial navigator; applied to persons who ascent in air balloons.

Aeronautic

AERONAUT'IC, adjective Sailing or floating in the air; pertaining to aerial sailing.

Aeronautics

AERONAUT'ICS, noun The doctrine, science, or art of sailing in the air, by means of a balloon.

Aeronautism

A'ERONAUTISM, noun The practice of ascending and floating in the atmosphere, in balloons.

Aeroscopy

AEROS'COPY, noun [Gr to see.] The observation of the air. [Little used.]

Aerostat

A'EROSTAT, noun [Gr. sustaining, from to stand.]

A machine or vessel sustaining weights in the air; a name given to air balloons.

Aerostatic

AEROSTAT'IC, adjective Suspending in air; pertaining to the art of aerial navigation.

Aerostation

AEROSTA'TION, noun

1. Aerial navigation; the science of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air, or of ascending in air balloons.

2. The science of weighing air.

Aery-Light

A'ERY-LIGHT, in Milton, light as air; used for airy light.

Aethel

ATHEL, ADEL or AETHEL nobel of illustrious birth.

Afar

AF'AR, adverb [a and far. See Far.]

1. At a distance in place; to or from a distance; used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off.

2. In scripture, figuratively, estranged in affection; alienated.

My kinsmen stand afar off. Psalms 38:11.

3. Absent; not assisting.

Why standest thou afar off, O Lord? Psalms 10:1

4. Not of the visible church. Ephesians 2:17.

Afeard

AFE'ARD, adjective afeard is the participle passive. See Fear.]

Afraid; affected with fear or apprehension, in a more moderate degree than is expressed by terrified. It is followed by of, but no longer used in books, and even in popular use, is deemed vulgar.

Affa

AF'FA, noun A weight used on the Guinea coast, equal to an ounce. The half of it is call eggeba.

Affability

AFFABIL'ITY, noun [See Affable.] The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; civility and courteousness, in receiving others, and in conversation; condescension in manners. affability of countenance is that mildness of aspect, which invites to free social intercourse.

Affable

AF'FABLE, adjective [Latin affabilis, of ad and fabulor. See Fable.]

1. Easy of conversation; admitting others to free conversation without reserve; courteous; complaisant; of easy manners; condescending; usually applied to superiors; as an affable prince.

2. Applied to external appearance, affable denotes that combination of features, which invites to conversation, and renders a person accessible, opposed to a forbidding aspect; mild; benign; as, an affable countenance.

Affableness

AF'FABLENESS, noun Affability.

Affably

AF'FABLY, adverb In an affable manner; courteously; invitingly.

Affair

AFFA'IR, noun [Latin facere. The primary sense of facio is to urge, drive, impel.]

1. Business of any kind; that which is done, or is to be done; a word of very indefinite and undefinable signification. In the plural, it denotes transactions in general; as human affairs; political or ecclesiastical affairs:also the business or concerns of an individual; as, his affairs are embarrassed.

2. Matters; state; condition of business or concerns.

I have sent that ye may know our affairs. Ephesians 6:21.

3. In the singular, it is used for a private dispute, or duel; as, an affair of honor; and sometimes a partial engagement of troops.

In the phrase, at the head of affairs, the word means, the public concerns of executing the laws and administering the government.

Affect

AFFECT', verb transitive [Latin afficio, affectum, of ad and facio, to make; affecto, to desire, from the same room. affect is to make to, or upon to press upon.]

1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon; as, cold affects the body; loss affects our interests.

2. To act upon, or move the passions; as, affected with grief.

3. To aim at; aspire to; desire or entertain pretension to; as, to affect imperial sway. [See the etymology of Affair.]

4. To tend to by natural affinity or disposition; as, the drops of a fluid affect a spherical form.

5. To love, or regard with fondness.

Think not that wars we love and strife affect

[This sense is closely allied to the third.]

6. To make a show of; to attempt to imitate, in a manner not natural; to study the appearance of what is not natural, or real; as, to affect to be grave; affected friendship.

It seems to have been used formerly for convict or attaint, as in Ayliffe's Parergon; but this sense is not now in use.

Affectation

AFFECTA'TION, noun [Latin affectatio.]

1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false pretense; artificial appearance, or show; as, an affectation of wit, or of virtue.

2. Fondness; affection. [Not used.]

Affected

AFFECT'ED, participle passive

1. Impressed; moved, or touched, either in person or in interest; having suffered some change by external force, loss, danger, and the like; as, we are more or less affected by the failure of the bank.

2. Touched in the feelings; having the feelings excited; as, affected with cold or heat.

3. Having the passions moved; as, affected with sorrow or joy.

4. adjective Inclined, or disposed; followed by to; as, well affected to government.

5. adjective Given to false show; assuming, or pretending to possess what is not natural or real; as, an affected lady.

6. adjective Assumed artificially; not natural; as, affected airs.

Affectedly

AFFECT'EDLY, adverb In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality; formally; studiously; unnaturally; as, to walk affectedly; affectedly civil.

Affectedness

AFFECT'EDNESS, noun The quality of being affected; affectation.

Affecter

AFFECT'ER, noun One that affects; one that practices affectation.

Affecting

AFFECT'ING, participle present tense

1. Impressing; having an effect on; touching the feelings; moving the passions; attempting a false show; greatly desiring; aspiring to possess.

2. adjective Having power to excite, or move the passions; tending to move the affections; pathetic; as, an affecting address.

The most affecting music is generally the most simple.

Affectingly

AFFECT'INGLY, adverb In an affecting manner; in a manner to excite emotions.

Affection

AFFEC'TION, noun

1. The state of being affected. [Little used.]

2. Passion; but more generally,

3. A bent of mind towards a particular object, holding a middle place between disposition, which is natural, and passion, which is excited by the presence of its exciting object. affection is a permanent bent of the mind, formed by the presence of an object, or by some act of another person, and existing without the presence of its object.

4. In a more particular sense, a settle good will, love or zealous attachment; as, the affection of a parent for his child. It was formerly followed by to or towards, but is now more generally followed by far.

5. Desire; inclination; propensity, good or evil; as, virtuous or vile affections. Romans 1:31. Galatians 5:24.

6. In a general sense, an attribute, quality or property, which is inseparable from its object; as, love, fear and hope are affections of the mind; figure, weight, etc., are affections of bodies.

7. Among physicians, a disease, or any particular morbid state of the body; as, a gouty affection; hysteric affection

8. In painting, a lively representation of passion.

Shakespeare uses the word for affectation; but this use is not legitimate.

Affectionate

AFFEC'TIONATE, adjective

1. Having great love, or affection; fond; as, an affectionate brother.

2. Warm in affection; zealous.

Man, in his love to God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate

3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; benevolent; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; an affectionate countenance.

4. Inclined to; warmly attached. [Little used.]

Affectionately

AFFEC'TIONATELY, adverb With affection; fondly; tenderly; kindly. 1 Thessalonians 2:8.

Affectionateness

AFFEC'TIONATENESS, noun Fondness; goodwill; affection.

Affectioned

AFFEC'TIONED, adjective

1. Disposed; having an affection of heart.

Be ye kindly affectioned one to another. Romans 12:10.

2. Affected; conceited. obsolete

Affective

AFFECT'IVE, adjective That affects, or excites emotion; suited to affect. [Little used.]

Affectively

AFFECT'IVELY, adverb In an affective or impressive manner.

Affector

AFFECT'OR

AFFECT'UOUS, adjective Full of passion. [Not used.]

Affeer

AFFEE'R, verb transitive To confirm. [Not used.]

AFFEE'R, verb transitive

In law, to assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum; to reduce a general amercement to a sum certain, according to the circumstances of the case.

Affeered

AFFEE'RED, participle passive Moderated in sum; assessed; reduced to a certainty.

Affeerment

AFFEE'RMENT, noun The act of affeering, or assessing an amercement, according to the circumstances of the case.

Affeeror

AFFEE'ROR, noun One who affeers; a person sworn to assess a penalty, or reduce an uncertain penalty to a certainty.

Affettuoso

AFFETTUO'SO, or con affetto, [Latin affectus.]

In music, a direction to render notes soft and affecting.

Affiance

AFFI'ANCE, noun [Latin fido, fides.]

1. The marriage contract or promise; faith pledged.

2. Trust in general; confidence; reliance.

The Christian looks to God with implicit affiance

AFFI'ANCE, verb transitive

1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage.

To me, sad maid, he was affianced.

2. To give confidence

Affianced in my faith.

Affianced

AFFI'ANCED, participle passive Pledged in marriage; betrothed; bound in faith.

Affiancer

AFFI'ANCER, noun One who makes a contract of marriage between parties.

Affiancing

AFFI'ANCING, participle present tense Pledging in marriage; promising fidelity.

Affidavit

AFFIDA'VIT, noun [An old law verb in the perfect tense; he made oath; from ad and fides, faith.]

A declaration upon oath. In the United States, more generally, a declaration in writing, signed by the party, and sworn to, before an authorized magistrate.

Affied

AFFI'ED, adjective or part. Joined by contract; affianced. [Not used.]

Affile

AFFI'LE, verb transitive To polish. [Not used.]

Affiliate

AFFIL'IATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and filius, a son.]

1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son.

2. To receive into a society as a member, and initiate in its mysteries, plans, or intrigues - a sense in which the word was much used by the Jacobins in France, during the revolution.

Affiliation

AFFILIA'TION, noun Adoption; association in the same family or society.

Affinity

AFFIN'ITY, noun [Latin affinitas, from affinis, adjacent, related by marriage; ad and finis, end.]

1. The relation contracted by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred, and between a wife and her husband's kindred; in contradistinction from consanguinity or relation by blood.

Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings 3:1.

2. Agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages.

3. In chimistry, attraction; elective attraction, or that tendency which different species of matter have to unite, and combine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes them to continue in combination There are two kinds of affinity

1. affinity of aggregation, which is the power that causes two homogeneous bodies to tend towards each other, unite and cohere, as two drops of water, which unite in one.

2. affinity of composition, which is the tendency of bodies of different kinds to unite and form new combinations of bodies with different properties. Such is the affinity which unites acids and alkalies, the results of which combination are neutral salts.

The operations of this principle are various. When heterogeneous bodies have mutually an equal attraction, it is called compound affinity When one substance decomposes a combination of others, unites with one of them and precipitates the other, the power is called the affinity of decomposition. When bodies will not unite, but by means of a third, which enables them to combine, this is affinity by means of a medium.

Double affinity is when by means of four bodies, two decompositions and two new combinations are effected.

Affirm

AFFIRM, verb transitive afferm' [Latin affirmo; ad and firmo, to make firm. See Firm.]

1. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to declare the existence of something; to maintain as true; opposed to deny.

Of one Jesus whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts 25:19.

2. To make firm; to establish, confirm or ratify; as, the Supreme court affirmed the judgment.

AFFIRM', verb intransitive To declare solemnly before a court or magistrate, for confirming a fact, or to have an affirmation administered to, by way of confirmation, or as a substitute for an oath; as, the witness affirmed to the fact, or he was affirmed to the fact.

Affirmable

AFFIRM'ABLE, adjective That may be asserted or declared; followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man.

Affirmance

AFFIRM'ANCE, noun

1. Confirmation; ratification; as, the affirmance of a judgment; a statute in affirmance of common law.

2. Declaration; affirmation. [Little used.]

Affirmant

AFFIRM'ANT, noun One who affirms.

Affirmation

AFFIRMA'TION, noun

1. The act of affirming or asserting as true; opposed to negation or denial.

2. That which is asserted; position declared as true; averment.

3. Confirmation; ratification; an establishing of what had been before done or decreed.

4. A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath; which affirmation is in law equivalent to testimony given under oath.

Affirmative

AFFIRM'ATIVE, adjective

1. That affirms, or asserts; declaratory of what exists; opposed to negative; as, an affirmative proposition.

2. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.

3. In algebra, positive; a term applied to numbers which have the sign + plus, denoting addition, and opposed to negative, or such as have the sign - minus, denoting subtraction.

4. Positive; dogmatic. obsolete

AFFIRM'ATIVE, noun That side of a question which affirms or maintains; opposed to negative; as, there were seventy votes in the affirmative and thirty-five in the negative.

Affirmatively

AFFIRM'ATIVELY, adverb In an affirmative manner; positively; on the affirmative side of a question; opposed to negatively.

Affirmed

AFFIRM'ED, participle passive Declared; asserted; averred; confirmed; ratified.

Affirmer

AFFIRM'ER, noun One who affirms.

Affirming

AFFIRM'ING, participle present tense Asserting; declaring positively; confirming.

Affix

AFFIX', verb transitive [Latin affigo, affixum, of ad and figo, to fix. Eng. peg. See Fix.]

1. To unite at the end; to subjoin, annex, or add at the close; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument.

2. To attach, unite, or connect with, as names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things.

3. To fix or fasten in any manner. In this sense, fix is more generally used.

AF'FIX, noun A syllable or letter added to the end of a word.

Affixed

AFFIX'ED, participle passive United at the end; annexed; attached.

Affixing

AFFIX'ING, participle present tense Uniting at the end; subjoining; attaching.

Affixion

AFFIX'ION, noun The act of uniting at the end, or state of being so united. [Little used.]

Affixture

AFFIX'TURE, noun That which is affixed.

Afflation

AFFLA'TION, noun [Latin affle, afflatum, of ad and flo; Eng. blow. See Blow.]

A blowing or breathing on.

Afflatus

AFFLA'TUS, noun [Latin]

1. A breath or blast of wind.

2. Inspiration; communication of divine knowledge, or the power of prophesy.

Afflict

AFFLICT', verb transitive [Latin affligo, afflicto, of ad and figo, to strike; eng. flog; Gr. to strike; , Latin plaga, a stroke. Hence, eng. flail, g being suppressed; Latin flagellum. See Flog.]

1. To give to the body or mind pain which is continued or of some permanence; to grieve, or distress; as, one is afflicted with the gout, or with melancholy, or with losses and misfortunes.

They affect thy heritage, O Lord. Psalms 94:5.

2. To trouble; to harass; to distress.

Afflicted

AFFLICT'ED, participle passive Affected with continued or often repeated pain, either of body or mind; suffering grief or distress, of any kind; followed by at, by or with; as, afflicted at the loss of a child, by the rheumatism, or with losses.

Afflictedness

AFFLICT'EDNESS, noun The state of being afflicted; but superseded by affliction.

Afflicter

AFFLICT'ER, noun One who afflicts, or causes pain of body or of mind.

Afflicting

AFFLICT'ING, participle present tense Causing continued or durable pain of body or mind; grieving; distressing.

AFFLICT'ING, adjective Grievous; distressing; as, an afflicting event.

Affliction

AFFLIC'TION, noun

1. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.

Some virtues are seen only in affliction

2. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity, persecution.

Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalms 34:19.

Afflictive

AFFLICT'IVE, adjective Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; painful; distressing.

Afflictively

AFFLICT'IVELY, adverb In a manner to give pain or grief.

Affluence

AF'FLUENCE, noun [Latin affluentia, of ad and fluo, to flow. See Flow.]

1. Literally, a flowing to, or concourse. In this sense it is rarely used. It is sometimes written affluency.

2. Figuratively, abundance of riches; great plenty of worldly goods; wealth.

Affluent

AF'FLUENT, adjective Flowing to; more generally, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches; abundant.

Affluently

AF'FLUENTLY, adverb In abundance; abundantly.

Afflux

AF'FLUX, noun [Latin affluxum, from affluo. See Flow.]

The act of flowing to; a flowing to, or that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head.

Affluxion

AFFLUX'ION, noun The act of flowing to; that which flows to. [See Afflux.]

Afforage

AF'FORAGE, noun [ad and force.]

In France, a duty paid to the lord of a district, for permission to sell wine or other liquors, within his seignory.

Afforcement

AFFO'RCEMENT, noun [ad and force.]

In old charters, a fortress; a fortification for defense. obsolete

Afford

AFFO'RD, verb transitive [ad and the root of forth, further. The sense is to send forth. But I have not found this precise word in the exact sense of the English, in any other language.]

1. To yield or produce as fruit, profit, issues, or result. Thus, the earth affords grain; a well affords water; trade affords profit; distilled liquors afford spirit.

2. To yield, grant or confer; as, a good life affords consolation in old age.

3. To be able to grant or sell with profit or without loss; as, A can afford wine at a less price than B.

4. To be able to expend without injury to one's estate; as, a man can afford a sum yearly in charity; or be able to bear expenses, or the price of the thing purchased; as, one man can afford to buy a farm, which another cannot.

5. To be able without loss or with profit.

The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits.

Afforded

AFFO'RDED, participle passive Yielded as fruit, produce or result; sold without loss or with profit.

Affording

AFFO'RDING, participle present tense Yielding; producing; selling without loss; bearing expenses.

Afforest

AFFOR'EST, verb transitive [ad and forest.]

To convert ground into forest, as was done by the first Norman kings in England, for the purpose of affording them the pleasures of the chase.

Afforestation

AFFORESTA'TION, noun The act of turning ground into forest or wood land.

Afforested

AFFOR'ESTED, participle passive Converted into forest.

Afforesting

AFFOR'ESTING, participle present tense Converting into forest.

Affranchisement

AFFRAN'CHISEMENT, noun [See Franchise and disfranchise.]

The act of making free, or liberating from dependence or servitude. [Little used.]

Affrap

AFFRAP', verb transitive [Eng. rap.] To strike. obsolete

Affray

AFFRA'Y,

AFFRA'YMENT, noun

1. In law, the fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray

2. In popular language, fray is used to express any fighting of two or more persons; buy the word is now deemed inelegant.

3. Tumult; disturbance.

Affrayment

AFFRA'YMENT, n. 1. In law, the fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray.2. In popular language, fray is used to express any fighting of two or more persons; buy the word is now deemed inelegant.3. Tumult; disturbance.

Affreight

AFFREIGHT', verb transitive affra'te. [See Freight.]

To hire a ship for the transportation of goods or freight.

Affreighted

AFFREIGHT'ED, participle passive Hired for transporting goods.

Affreighter

AFFREIGHT'ER, noun The person who hires or charters a ship or other vessel to convey goods.

Affreightment

AFFREIGHT'MENT, noun The act of hiring a ship for the transportation of goods.

Affret

AFFRET', noun A furious onset, or attack. [Not used.]

Affriction

AFFRIC'TION, noun The act of rubbing. [Not used.] [See Friction.]

Affriended

AFFRIENDED, adjective affrend'ed. Made friends; reconciled. obsolete

Affright

AFFRI'GHT, verb transitive affri'te. [See Fright.]

To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to terrify or alarm. It expresses a stronger impression than fear or apprehend, and perhaps less than terror.

AFFRI'GHT, noun Sudden or great fear; terror; also, the cause of terror; a frightful object.

Affrighted

AFFRI'GHTED, participle passive Suddenly alarmed with fear; terrified; followed by at or with, more generally by at; as, affrighted at the cry of fire.

Affrighter

AFFRI'GHTER, noun One who frightens.

Affrightful

AFFRI'GHTFUL, adjective Terrifying; terrible; that may excite great fear; dreadful.

Affrighting

AFFRI'GHTING, participle present tense Impressing sudden fear; terrifying.

Affrightment

AFFRI'GHTMENT, noun Affright; terror; the state of being frightened. [Rarely used.] [In common discourse, the use of this word, in all its forms, is superseded by fright, frighted, frightful.]

Affront

AFFRONT', verb transitive [Latin frons, front, face.]

1. Literally, to meet or encounter face to face, in a good or bad sense; as,

The seditious affronted the king's forces

[The foregoing sense is obsolete.]

2. To offer abuse to the face; to insult, dare or brave openly; to offer abuse or insult in any manner, by words or actions; as, to affront one by giving him the lie.

3. To abuse, or give cause of offense to, without being present with the person; to make slightly angry; a popular use of the word.

AFFRONT', noun

1. Opposition to the face; open defiance; encounter. obsolete

2. Ill treatment; abuse; any thing reproachful or contemptuous, that excites or justifies resentment, as foul language, or personal abuse. It usually expresses a less degree of abuse than insult

3. Shame; disgrace. [Not used.]

4. In popular language, slight resentment; displeasure.

Affronted

AFFRONT'ED, participle passive

1. Opposed face to face; dared; defied; abused.

2. In popular language, offended; slightly angry at ill treatment, by words or actions; displeased.

Affrontee

AFFRONTEE', adjective In heraldry, front to front; an epithet given to animals that face each other.

Affronter

AFFRONT'ER, noun One that affronts.

Affronting

AFFRONT'ING, participle present tense Opposing face to face; defying; abusing; offering abuse, or any cause of displeasure.

AFFRONT'ING, adjective Contumelious; abusive.

Affrontive

AFFRONT'IVE, adjective Giving offense; tending to offend; abusive.

Affrontiveness

AFFRONT'IVENESS, noun The quality that gives offense. [Little used.]

Affuse

AFFU'SE, verb transitive s as z. [Latin affundo, affusum, ad and fundo, to pour out. See Fuse.]

To pour upon; to sprinkle, as with a liquid.

Affused

AFFU'SED, participle passive Sprinkled with a liquid; sprinkled on; having a liquid poured upon.

Affusing

AFFU'SING, participle present tense Pouring upon, or sprinkling.

Affusion

AFFU'SION, noun affu'zhun. The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid substance, as water upon a diseased body, or upon a child in baptism.

Affy

AFFY', verb transitive To betroth; to bind or join. [Not used.]

AFFY', verb transitive To trust or confide in. [Not used.]

Afield

AFIE'LD, adverb [a and field.] To the field.

Afire

AFI'RE, adverb On fire.

Aflat

AFLAT', adverb [a and flat.] Level with the ground.

Afloat

AFLO'AT, adverb or adjective [a and float.]

1. Borne on the water; floating; swimming; as, the ship is afloat

2. Figuratively, moving; passing from place to place; as, a rumor is afloat

3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; as, our affairs are all afloat [As an adjective, this word always follows the noun.]

Afoot

AFOOT', adverb [a or on and foot.]

1. On foot; borne by the feet; opposed to riding.

2. In action; in a state of being planned for execution; as, a design is afoot or on foot.

Afore

AFO'RE, adverb or preposition [a and fore.]

1. In front.

2. Between one object and another, so as to intercept a direct view or intercourse; as, to stand between a person and the light of a candle - a popular use of the word.

3. Prior in time; before; anterior; prior time being considered as in front of subsequent time.

The grass which withereth afore it groweth up. Psalms 129:6.

In all these senses it is now inelegant, and superseded by before.

4. In seaman's language, toward the head of the ship; further forward, or nearer the stem; as, afore the windlas. afore the mast, is a phrase which is applied to a common sailor, one who does duty on the main deck, or has no office on board the ship.

Aforegoing

AFO'REGOING, adjective Going before. [See Foregoing, which is chiefly used.]

Aforehand

AFO'REHAND, adverb [afore and hand.]

1. In time previous; by previous provision; as, he is ready aforehand

She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark 14:8.

2. adjective Prepared; previously provided; as, to be aforehand in business. Hence in popular language, amply provided; well supplied with the means of living; having means beyond the requirements of necessity; moderately wealthy. The word is popularly changed into aforehanded, beforehanded, or rather forehanded; as, a forehanded farmer.

Aforementioned

AFO'REMENTIONED, adjective [afore and mention.]

Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse.

Aforenamed

AFO'RENAMED, adjective [afore and name.] Named before.

Aforesaid

AFO'RESAID, adjective [afore and say.] Said or recited before, or in a proceeding part.

Aforetime

AFO'RETIME, adverb [afore and time.] In time past; in a former time.

Afoul

AFOUL', adverb or adjective [a and foul.] Not free; entangled.

Afraid

AFRA'ID, adjective [The participle of affray.]

Impressed with fear or apprehension; fearful. This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear; as, to be afraid of death.

Joseph was afraid to sin against God.

Afresh

AFRESH', adverb [a and fresh.] Anew; again; recently; after intermission.

They crucify the son of God afresh Hebrews 6:6.

Afric

AF'RIC,

AF'RICA, noun [Latin a neg. and frigus, cold.]

One of the four quarters or largest divisions of the globe; a continent separated from Europe by the Mediterranean sea.

Africa

AF'RICA, n. [L. a neg. and frigus, cold.] One of the four quarters or largest divisions of the globe; a continent separated from Europe by the Mediterranean sea.

African

AF'RICAN, adjective Pertaining to Africa.

AF'RICAN, noun A native of Africa.

This name is given also to the african marygold.

Afront

AFRONT', adverb In front.