General Index to Socrates' Ecclesiastical History (part 4 of 5)

Notes

1. 1034

   Ezek. xxxviii. 2, 22, 23. Ambrose has also used this prophecy, applying it to the Goths, and exhorted Gratian to make war against them. Cf. Ambrose, de Fide, 2. 16. The quotation here is from the LXX.

2. 1035

   436 a.d.

3. 1036

   438 a.d.

4. 1037

   As above, 438 a.d.

5. 1038

   This seems hardly probable when compared with the opening sentence of the chapter, and so Valesius with Christophorson and others change it into August. The emendation suggested in the Greek is not a difficult one; it simply adds between au- and tou of the word autou (above translated the same'), the syllable gous- making it thus, augoustou menos, month of August.' The emendation, or something equivalent to it, must be accepted, otherwise we are compelled to place the death of Paul and the ordination of Marcian together with the intervening events on the same day.

6. 1039

   On this visit of the empress to Jerusalem, see Evagrius, H. E. I. 20-23. During this visit for some reason or other—variously stated by the authors of the period—an alienation occurred between the emperor and Eudocia. See above, chap. 21, note 2.

7. 1040

   439 a.d.

8. 1041

   Evidently a round number, as he begun with the year 305 (cf. I. 1), and the exact number of years included in the history cannot be more than 135.

9. 1042

   439 a.d.

10. 1043

    v. 15, and Hieron. de vita Hilarionis.

11. 1044

    v. 15; vi. 32; viii. 15.

12. 1045

    Zos. v. 29.

13. 1046

    Procopius de Ædificis, i. 3, 8.

14. 1047

    de Ædificis, i. 4.

15. 1048

    Otto, Corp. App. Vol. ix. (Migne, P. G. vi.).

16. 1049

    See his epigrams in Anth. Gr.

17. 1050

    Güldenpinning thinks there may be a suggestion of the fatal apple in Sozomen's praise of his sovereign's abstemiousness. I would like to agree, but cannot. Die Kirchengesch. des Theodoret von Kyrrhos, pp. 12, 13.

18. 1051

    Heraclea Pontica of the maps.

19. 1052

    Marcell. Am. Chron. s. d.; Chron. Pasch. s. d.; Novell. Theod. xxiii. 5, 21.

20. 1053

    Myrobib. cod. XXX.

21. 1054

    H. E. vii. 48.

22. 1055

    Jeep: Quellenuntersuchungen zu den griechischen Kirchenhistorikern, pp. 137-147.

23. 1056

    H. E. vii. 27.

24. 1057

    See preface of that work.

25. 1058

    This marks the proposed limits, a.d. 323 to a.d. 439, but he did not carry the narrative further than a.d. 425.

26. 1059

    Cf. Eus. H. E. i. 4.

27. 1060

    Cf. Gen. xviii.

28. 1061

    Cf. Gen. xlix. 10.

29. 1062

    Isa. vii. 14, foretells that "a virgin shall conceive and bear a son"; but he does not declare, in words, the perpetual virginity of the mother of God. The Roman Catholic Church, however, infers the doctrine from certain types in the Old Testament: such as that of "the bush which burnt with fire, and was not consumed" (Ex. iii. 2).

30. 1063

    See Joseph. Antiq. xviii. 33; xx. 9, 1.

31. 1064

    More probably Clemens Alexandrinus than, as Valesius suggests, Clemens Romanus.

32. 1065

    See the Life of Eusebius, prefixed to his Eccles. Hist. in this series.

33. 1066

    These books are not now extant.

34. 1067

    It is scarcely fair with Valesius to infer from this passage that Sozomen was a monk himself.

35. 1068

    Who this Romanus was is uncertain, as his name does not occur in the catalogue of bishops of Antioch, according to Hieronymus' edition of the Chronicon, nor in Nicephorus. In one index at the end of a codex of Eusebius' History, in Florence, his name occurs as the twenty-second, in order, and between Philagonius and Eustathius. Theodoret, H. E. i. 3, gives the succession Vitalis, Philagonius.

36. 1069

    Cf. Soc. i. 23, 24.

37. 1070

    For a narrative of the treatment of the Christians by Licinius, and the war between Constantine and Licinius on their account, see Soc. i. 3, 4.

38. 1071

    With this chapter, cf. the parallel account in Soc. i. 2.

39. 1072

    Cf. Eus. V. C. i. 28.

40. 1073

    Cf. Eus. V. C. i. 29.

41. 1074

    id. i. 32.

42. 1075

    That is, for the unbaptized and catechumens; the baptized were called the "initiated" (oi memuemenoi ).

43. 1076

    Eus. V. C. i. 30, 31.

44. 1077

    Or Sosipater of Apamea. Cf. Eunap. V. S. (Ædesius).

45. 1078

    The earlier church historians, except Philost. H. E. ii. 4, are silent as to the cause of his death, while the pagan authorities speak freely, but variously; later Christian writers take their statements from the pagans. Cf. Eutrop. Brev. hist. Rom. x. 6.

46. 1079

    One of the battles in which Licinius was routed by Constantine, a.d. 314. Eutrop. Brev. hist. Rom. x. 5.

47. 1080

    Cf. Soc. i. 3, 4, and especially various parts of Eus. V. C.

48. 1081

    Iliad,viii. 102.

49. 1082

    gramma demosion. The decree is given at full length in Eus. V. C. ii. 24-42; and the other legislative chapters of Bks. ii. and iv. Cf. Eus. H. E. x. 5-7; Soc. i. 18.

50. 1083

    Musterion , that is to say, the sacraments of the church.

51. 1084

    Eus. V. C. iv. 18, 19.

52. 1085

    He probably alludes to the law of Constantine, "de raptu virginum vel viduarum." See Codex Theodos. ix. 24.

53. 1086

    The Lex Papia Poppæa. For its origin under Augustus, see Tacit. Ann. iii. 25; Eus. V. C. iv. 26.

54. 1087

    Constantine makes mention of this law in his Epistle to the bishops of Numidia, in Baronius, A. E. a.d. 316; n. lxiv.; Eus. H. E. x. 7; Cod. Theod. i. 27, de episcopali definitione, 1; xvi. 2, de episcopes ecclesiis et clericis, 2.

55. 1088

    Cod. Theod. iv. 7, de manumissionibus inecclesia, 1.

56. 1089

    For a further account of Hosius, cf. Soc. i. 7, 13; ii. 20, 29, 31; iii. 7.

57. 1090

    Amphion and Lespus are mentioned as bishops of Cilicia in Athan. Ep. ad Episc. Æg. et Lib.; another Amphion occurs in Athan. Ap. cont. Arian, 7, as bishop in Nicomedia.

58. 1091

    Ruf. H. E. i. 4; Soc. i. 8, 11; Theodoret, H. E. i. 7.

59. 1092

    Ruf. H. E. i. 5; Soc. i. 8, 12. Ruf. gives the first two stories; Soc. copies and gives credit; Soz. appends three more, and gives credit to himself only throughout. Ruf. had already said, "sed et multa alia ejus feruntur gesta mirabilia, quæ etiam nunc ore omnium celebrantur."

60. 1093

    This Triphyllius is mentioned by Hieron. de vir. illust. i. 92, as the author of a commentary on the Song of Solomon, which his biographer had read; and of many other works which had not come into his hands.

61. 1094

    Berytus in Phoenicia was celebrated for its school of law, in which, among others, Gregory Thaumaturgus is said to have studied. Biographers, imitating Valesius, have imagined that Sozomen studied there.

62. 1095

    Matt. ix. 6.

63. 1096

    tes tessarakostes enstases. While it was Lent and probably Holy Week. See Tertull. de Pat. 13, and de Jejun. 14.

64. 1097

    Tit. i. 15.

65. 1098

    On the origin and growth of the monastic system, see Soc. iv. 23, and cf. Gibbon, Decl. & Fall, ch. 37, and Bingham's Christian Antiq. Bk. vii.; articles in Herz. R. E. Bk. iv.; D. C. A. Vol. ii.; Ad Harnack: Das Mönchthum, seine Ideale und seine Geschichte.

66. 1099

    The verb philosophein is constantly used by the early Christian historians to signify the practice of asceticism.

67. 1100

    Valesius would prefer to read "The Platonist."

68. 1101

    Cf. Eus. H. E. ii. 17, where he attributes to the Christians what is said by Philo concerning the Therapeutæ, as these ascetics were called.

69. 1102

    Cf. Soc. i. 21, and his reference to the life attributed to Athanasius.

70. 1103

    There were two cities of this name, Heraclea the greater and Heraclea the less.

71. 1104

    Ruf. H. M. 31; Pall. H. L. 27.

72. 1105

    Ruf. H. M. 30; Pall. H. L. 12; Soc. iv. 23.

73. 1106

    Soc. i. 13, who gives his authority as Auxanon, a Novatian.

74. 1107

    Eus. H. E. vii. 8; Soc. i. 10; iv. 28, &c.

75. 1108

    Eus. V. C. parts of ii. & iii.; Ruf. H. E. i. 1-6; Soc. i. 5-13; Philost. H. E. i. 3-9.

76. 1109

    No one else suggests an early connection of Arius with the Melitians.

77. 1110

    A doubtful and unsupported assertion. All other testimony makes Alexander steadfast and exact in his definition.

78. 1111

    There are variations in names, offices, numbers in attendance, and course of debate in the early as well as later accounts of the controversy.

79. 1112

    Soz. only outlines the letter, given completely in Eus. V. C. ii. 64-72; of which Soc. quotes the greater part. i. 7.

80. 1113

    Eus. V. C. iii. 5; Soc. i. 8.

81. 1114

    They were called Quartodecimanians. Euseb. H. E. v. 24; Soc. v. 22.

82. 1115

    Eus. V. C. iii. 6.

83. 1116

    Eus. V. C. iii. 7-11; Soc. i. 8; Ruf. H. E. i. 2. The variations and additions of Theodoret are very noteworthy. H. E. i. 7.

84. 1117

    Mistake for Silvester. Cf. ii. 20.

85. 1118

    Ruf. H. E. i. 2; Soc. i. 8. Soz. here makes, as usual, a free use of the speech as reported by Rufinus.

86. 1119

    Ruf. H. E. i. 3; Soc. i. 8. Soz. gives a free rendering of Ruf.

87. 1120

    Suidas says he was a philosopher, and the father of Julian, called the Theurgist. He was the author of a work concerning demons, in four books. The son, who flourished under Marcus Aurelius, was so skilled in the magic art, that he called down rain from heaven, when the Roman soldiers were perishing from thirst. Arnuphis, an Egyptian philosopher, was said to have wrought a similar miracle. Suidas, s. v.

88. 1121

    Eus. V. C. iii. 10-12.

89. 1122

    Theodoret, H. E. i. 7, places this oration in the mouth of Eustathius, bishop of Antioch. The variations in the speech as recorded by Sozomen, show his classic view of reporting. Theodoret's report of Constantine's address is equally divergent.

90. 1123

    Eus. V. C. iii. 13, 14; Soc. i. 8.

91. 1124

    mustai kai mustagogoi , as applied to the Christian mysteries. The principle here adduced is different from that which ruled with Ruf. H. E. i. 6; Soc. i. 8.

92. 1125

    There are variations in the earlier writers as to the number and names of the excommunicated and banished.

93. 1126

    Eusebius' attempt at straddling amounts to prevarication here, and later; Soc. i. 8 copied by the later historians.

94. 1127

    Cf. Soc. i. 9; both borrowed their criticism from Athan. Or. cont. Arian. i. 4, etc.

95. 1128

    Eus. V. C. iii. 14-24; Soc. i. 8, 9.

96. 1129

    Soc. i. 10, who derived it from Auxanon, a presbyter, who accompanied Acesius to Nice. Cf. i. 13.

97. 1130

    Eus. H. E. vi. 43-46.

98. 1131

    1 John v. 16.

99. 1132

    Socrates' statement of the source of his information is passed over, as well as his criticism of prejudiced historians. The comment substituted by Soz. is, nevertheless, a partially correct interpretation.

100. 1133

     Soc. i. 11. Cf. the perverted text of the Canones Nicæni, in Ruf. H. E. i. 6.

101. 1134

     Soc. i. 11.

102. 1135

     Lycus (Lycopolis) is not named in the letter of the Synod which says simply that he should reside in his own city. Soz. took the fact from Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 71, where Melitius, in the brief to Alexander, calls himself bishop of Lycus. This is a proof of our historian's use of the same documents to amplify the statements of Socrates.

103. 1136

     Soc. i. 9, for text of the letter.

104. 1137

     The best text reads Melitius, not Meletius, so Athanas. and Soc.; usually the books write Meletius and Meletians. We follow the reading.

105. 1138

     This feast, called Vicennalia, is mentioned in Eus. V. C. iii. 15, 16.

106. 1139

     Eus. V. C. iii. 25-40; Soc. i. 9, Letter to Macarius, bishop of Jerusalem.

107. 1140

     Ruf H. E. i. 7, 8; Soc. H. E. I. 17; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 33, 34, another story of the identification. Soz. furnishes an additional story about the discovery, which he, however, confutes.

108. 1141

     Zech. xiv. 20. (LXX).

109. 1142

     Sib. Or. vi. 26.

110. 1143

     Eus. V. C. iii. 41, 47; Soc. i. 17.

111. 1144

     Helenopolis in Palestine not mentioned by Soc. i. 17, 18. Was the site of this city at the convent of Mt. Carmel or at St. Helena's towers, near the Scala Tyriorum? For the Bithynian city, cf. Procopius, de Ædificiis v. 2; cf. also Philost. ii. 12; Eus. Chronicon (Hieron.), under a.d. 331.

112. 1145

     Eus. V. C. iii. 50-58; iv. 58; Soc. i. 18; Zos. ii. 30-32.

113. 1146

     agoreuonti . This shows that Sozomen was an advocate in the law courts at the very time of his writing this history.

114. 1147

     Eus. V. C. iii. 51-53; Soc. i. 18. As a native of Palestine, Soz. here adds local details.

115. 1148

     Eutropia, the mother of Fausta.

116. 1149

     Eus. V. C. iii. 54-58; iv. 38; Soc. i. 18; Zos. ii. 31.

117. 1150

     i.e."sent down from Jupiter." Such were the Palladium of Troy, the Ancile at Rome, and "the image" of Diana, "which fell down from Jupiter," mentioned in Acts xix. 35.

118. 1151

     Irenæus adv. Hæres i. 3 (ed. Harvey); Philost. ii. 5, 6.

119. 1152

     politeian amempton ephilosophoun . The Christian life, and especially the monastic, was regarded as the true philosophy.

120. 1153

     By the Iberians we are to understand, not the people of Spain (for they had a church among them as early as the time of Irenæus; see adv. Hæres. i. 3, ed. Harvey), but the people of that name in Asia. Cf. Soc. i. 20, who says these Iberians migrated from Spain.

121. 1154

     Ruf. H. E. i. 10; Soc. i. 20; Soz. takes directly from Ruf.

122. 1155

     This paragraph is regarded by Valesius as spurious.

123. 1156

     The source of this chapter certainly is not Moses Chorenensis. Tiridates III. reigned a.d. 286-342. At first a persecutor, through Gregory the Illuminator he became a Christian. Yet parts of Armenia were Christianized much earlier. Dionysius bishop of Alexandria wrote a letter on Repentance to the Armenians in the reign of Gallus. Eus. H. E. vi. 46. Cf. Agathangelas, History of Tiridates the Great, and the preaching of Gregory the Illuminator.

124. 1157

     Here follows in the Greek text a repetition, word for word, of the first two lines of this chapter, which seem to be superfluous, if we do not reject the paragraph above.

125. 1158

     Soz. is wrong in attributing the conversion of Persia to Armenia.

126. 1159

     The source for chaps. 9-14 must be some early translation of Acta Persarum, which the Syrians, especially those of Edessa, made; cf. chap. 14. Soz. is independent. The persecution began under Shapur II. a.d. 343.

127. 1160

     The attempt to fix the date as Pagi, Ap. 21, 349, has no historical warrant; see Pagi, under 343 iii.

128. 1161

     Assemanus, Bibl. Orient. t. i. 189, speaks of Azades as the eunuch of Artascirus, ruler of Adiabene, who was a cousin of Sapor.

129. 1162

     Am. Marcell. 20. 7, 1, Zabdiceni; 25. 7, 9, Zabdicena.

130. 1163

     The Embassy is spoken of in Eus. V. C. iv. 8; the letter of Constantine to Shapur, iv. 9-13. But Soz. is mistaken about its date; for it was written before Sapor had commenced his persecution of the Christians. As usual, Soz. quotes briefly, and with no regard to the language and little to the thought. Theodoret, H. E. i. 25 (24), is accurate. For further relations of Constantine with Persia, cf. Eus. V. C. iv. 56, 57.

131. 1164

     Cf. Soc. i. 14. The variations of text are slight. Is the original from Sabinus' he sunagoge ton sunodikon?

132. 1165

     The facts (as we learn from the Epistle of Eusebius of Cæsarea, which is given by Soc. i. 8, and Theodoret, H. E. i. 12) are as follows: The bishops, who demurred to the term homoousion, as defined in the Nicene symbol, proposed another alleged older Antiochan form to the Synod. But the Nicene Fathers rejected it, and refused to depart from their own definition. Eusebius Pamphilus and his party then signed the Catholic and Orthodox creed, for fear of the emperor and other motives.

133. 1166

     About five months after the council of Nicæa, according to a statement of Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 59.

134. 1167

     This quotation is first made by Soz., and is found nowhere else.

135. 1168

     See the refutation of the calumny in Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 6, where the acts of the vindicatory synod are given, 3 sqq. Cf. Philost. ii. 11, gives a different account from the Arian point of view; probably the whole story is from Sabinus.

136. 1169

     Ruf. H. E. i. 14. Cf. Soc. i. 15, who credits Ruf. with the story.

137. 1170

     From the Life of Antony, attributed to Athanasius, which Evagrius, a presbyter of Antioch, translated into Latin. Ruf. H. E. i. 8, Hieron. de vir. illust. 87, 88, 125.

138. 1171

     Source here is Soc. i. 23, but abridged.

139. 1172

     See chap. 22.

140. 1173

     Soc. again the source, but abridged; the matter is entirely the fruit of his own research, as Soc. states in this chapter (chap. i. 23). Cf. Eus. V. C. iii. 23.

141. 1174

     Eus. V. C. iii. 59-62; Soc. i. 24; Philost. ii. 7. Soz. has additional details, especially of names. Very likely, therefore, Soc. and Soz. have drawn from the same source.

142. 1175

     Marcus is not mentioned by Soc. or Theodoret, only by the Latins. The order is correct, whereas in i. 17 Julius is mistakenly made to do duty for Silvester.

143. 1176

     This whole chapter is from an unknown source, and shows familiarity with Palestinian history.

144. 1177

     This chapter is also unique with Soz., both as to the Melitians and Eusebius. The Melitian opposition is evident from Soc. i. 27.

145. 1178

     Soz. has taken this from the Epistle of Constantine to the Nicomedians against Eusebius and Theognis. This is preserved by Theodoret, H. E. i. 20. Theodoret gives the full text; he and Soz. both obtained it from some such collection as that of Sabinus.

146. 1179

     Cf. Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 7 (in the letter of the Alexandrian Synod).

147. 1180

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 6; Soc. i. 27; Theod. H. E. i. 26, 27. Soz. works independently from the same sources.

148. 1181

     Soc. i. 27, Alypius; Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 60, where a part of the Epistle of the emperor Constantine is given, and in this Apis and Macarius are mentioned; here is an instance how Soz. corrects Soc.

149. 1182

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 63; Ruf. H. E. i. 15-17; Soc. i. 27. Independent workers of the same and other material.

150. 1183

     He was bishop of the city of Hypselitæ, according to the caption of his letter to Athan. See Apol. cont. Arian. 69.

151. 1184

     Athan. calls him Pinnes, presbyter of a mansio (not monastery) of Ptemencyrceus. See his letter to John in the Apol. cont. Arian. 67. How did Soz. change this name to Patrines?

152. 1185

     Ruf. i. 9, who gathered the facts from Edesius himself. Cf. Soc. i. 19. Soz. substitutes the scientific order of Plato, Empedocles, and Democritus for that of Metrodorus. The story is briefly reported by Theodoret, H. E. i. 23.

153. 1186

     Athan. Apol. ad Const. 29-31. Frumentius was called the Abba Salama of Auxoumis (Axum). Cf. Historia Ethiopica, Ludolf; Nic. Call. repeats this story of Rufinus in his H. E. i. 37, with which compare the narrative in xvii. 32.

154. 1187

     Eus. V. C. iv. 41, 42; the letter in 42 has a late addition in Theodoret, H. E. i. 29 (27); Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 8-12, 71-83; Ruf. H. E. i. 16, 17; Soc. i. 27-32.

155. 1188

     In the brief by Melitius, Achilles and Hermæon are given as bishops respectively of Cusæ and Cynus (Cynopolis). Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 71.

156. 1189

     Ruf. H. E. i. 17.

157. 1190

     Mention is made of a bishop of this name in the Epistle of Arsenius to Athanasius, which is preserved in the Apol. cont. Arian. 69.

158. 1191

     This is in Ruf. H. E. i. 17. He also signs the first letter of the Egyptian bishops at Tyre to Dionysius; Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 79; he presumably subscribed to the second. Ibid.

159. 1192

     Eus. V. C. iv. 43-47; Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 84; Soc. i. 33. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. i. 31 (29). Soz.'s account is better than that of either Soc. or Theodoret.

160. 1193

     a.d. 335.

161. 1194

     Sept. 13.

162. 1195

     Ruf. H. E. i. 11; Soc. i. 25, 26, 33.

163. 1196

     This letter of the emperor is in Soc. i. 25.

164. 1197

     Soc. i. 26, verbal variations. Both probably from Sabinus.

165. 1198

     Ruf. H. E, i. 11; Soc. i. 33. For the letter of the Synod, cf. Athan. de Synodis, 21; a part is also given in Apol. cont. Arian. 84.

166. 1199

     This letter is given in Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 86; Soc. i. 33-35.

167. 1200

     Ruf. H. E. i. 12, 13; Soc. i. 37, 38; Athan. Ep. ad Serapion, and ad Episcop. Ægypt. et Lib. 19. Soz. follows Athan. and Ruf. Athan. says he derived his statements from Macarius, a presbyter, an eye-witness of some of the events narrated in this chapter and the next.

168. 1201

     Cf. Athan. Ep. ad Episc. Ægypt. et Lib. 18, 19; cf. Athan. Ep. ad Serapion, which treats of the death of Arius.

169. 1202

     This chapter has no parallel in the present sources.

170. 1203

     This chapter, outside of the law of Constantine against the heretics (Eus. V. C. iii. 64), consists of Soz.'s reflections on the state of the heresies.

171. 1204

     Sozomen speaks with favor of the Novatians, though not with the earnestness of Socrates.

172. 1205

     Soc. i. 36. Soz. has more detail as to Asterius, and better order; both probably took from the same source. Compare the attitude of Athan. toward Marcellus.

173. 1206

     Hil. Fragm. ii. 22, gives the title of this work as de Subjectione Domini Christi. Eus. Pamp. wrote a refutation of this book.

174. 1207

     Eus. V. C. iv. 61-75; Ruf. H. E. i. 11; Soc. i. 38-40; cf. Philost. ii. 16, 17. Cf. Eutrop. Brev. hist. Rom. x. 7, 8.

175. 1208

     This section is manifestly an abridgment of Soc. ii. 2.

176. 1209

     This Eusebius was a eunuch, who was now made chief chamberlain, and became a disciple of the alleged presbyter.

177. 1210

     This chapter follows the order of Soc. ii. 2-5. Cf. Philost. ii. 18.

178. 1211

     This letter is translated in Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 87; the original was in Latin, and Athan. probably translated it.

179. 1212

     Soc. ii. 4.

180. 1213

     Soc. ii. 5.

181. 1214

     The mention of Aquileia, which is omitted by Socrates, shows consultation with another source. The statement of the agents in his death is different also.

182. 1215

     Cf. Soc. ii. 6. While the order of events is the same, Soz. had a different source, for he makes additions. Cf. Athan. Hist. Arian. 7.

183. 1216

     An endemic Synod.

184. 1217

     adiaphoros bios, literally "an indifferent life." St. Nilus, St. Basil, and others of the Christian Fathers use this phrase as opposed to an ascetic life.

185. 1218

     He had been originally accused by his presbyter Macedonius. The accusation, according to Theodoret, after his restoration was sedition (H. E. ii. 5), the crime usually imputed to the homoousians. Cf. Athan. Hist. Arian.

186. 1219

     He had been originally accused by his presbyter Macedonius. The accusation, according to Theodoret, after his restoration was sedition (H. E. ii. 5), the crime usually imputed to the homoousians. Cf. Athan. Hist. Arian.

187. 1220

     Soc. ii. 6, 7.

188. 1221

     Soc. ii. 7.

189. 1222

     Soc. ii. 8-10. Soz. with independent matter borrows from the same sources as Soc., one of which is Athan. de Synodis, 22-25.

190. 1223

     Also called Flaccillus. Soc. ii. 8.

191. 1224

     Cf. Soc. ii. 10.

192. 1225

     Athan. de Synodis, 22.

193. 1226

     This creed is given in Athan. de Synodis, 23. Cf. Soc. ii. 10; here only in a suggestion and criticism.

194. 1227

     Theophronius' statement is passed over, and the final creed is here given in summary. Athan. de Synodis, 24, 25.

195. 1228

     This person was a presbyter of Antioch. Cf. vi. 12; Philost. ii. 12-14; Eus. H. E. ix. 6.

196. 1229

     He is also called Dianoeus.

197. 1230

     From his life by George, bishop of Laodicea. Cf. Soc. ii. 9.

198. 1231

     Soc. also quotes him (ii. 9), and says he wrote an Encomium of Eusebius Emesenus, ii. 24.

199. 1232

     Soc. ii. 8.

200. 1233

     Soc. ii. 8.

201. 1234

     Soc. ii. 10.

202. 1235

     Athan. Ep. Encyc. 2-7; Apol. cont. Arian. 30; Hist. Arian. 10-14, 57, 74: Soc. ii. 11.

203. 1236

     Soc. ii. 11-14; Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 22.

204. 1237

     Cf. Am. Marcel. xiv. 10. 2.

205. 1238

     Soc. ii. 14. Cf. Philost. iii. 3.

206. 1239

     Apol. cont. Arian. 20-35; Soc. ii. 15. Soz. is more extended than Soc.

207. 1240

     From Sabinus? Cf. Soc. ii. 15.

208. 1241

     Soc. ii. 16, 17; Athan. Hist. Arian. 7; and Apol. de fuga sua, 3, 6-8. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 5.

209. 1242

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 3-19.

210. 1243

     Id. 20-35, 36; Soc. ii. 17, 18. Soz. gives more points. Soc. accuses Sabinus of omitting the Julian letters.

211. 1244

     Athan. de Synodis, 25, and given in full by Soc. ii. 18.

212. 1245

     Athan. de Synodis, 26, in ten heads, and given by Soc. ii. 19, and with like introduction.

213. 1246

     For the whole section, Soc. ii. 19, 20; Athan. de Synodis, 26. Cf. Hil. Frag. ii. and iii.; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 36.

214. 1247

     Soc. ii. 20, but Soz. has other details.

215. 1248

     He was bishop of Naïssus in Moesia Superior.

216. 1249

     This section concerning the Synod of the Eastern bishops is probably from Sabinus. Cf. Hil. Frag. iii.

217. 1250

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 36-50; Hil. Frag. ii. and iii.; Soc. ii. 20, 22. Cf. Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 36. Soz. used the same source as Soc., but independently.

218. 1251

     This letter is in Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 44-49; and cf. Theod. H. E. ii. 8; Hil. Frag. ii.

219. 1252

     This epistle is nowhere extant. Güldenpenning suggests Sabinus as the source, but hardly from the statement which Socrates makes as to Sabinian partiality.

220. 1253

     a.d. 347-8. But a.d. 344 is probably the true date.

221. 1254

     So Soc.; but Theodoret says 250, ii. 7.

222. 1255

     Soc. ii. 22. The rest of the chapter is marked by an independent survey of the division.

223. 1256

     This chapter is made up from a great variety of sources, as well as personal observation. Prominent among these are Ruf. H. M. and H. E.; Pall. H. L.; Syrian biographies; Ephraim Syrus, Vita Juliani; Athan. Vita Antonii; Timotheus' collection of monastic biography, mentioned in Soz. vi. 29; Hieron. de vir. illust.; Evagrius Ponticus, Gnosticus; Philippus of Side, Historia Christiana; Sulp. Sev. de Vita Martini.

224. 1257

     See the Collection of Regulæ and Precepts, as translated by Hieron. ii. p. 66 sqq.

225. 1258

     According to Hieronymus, Vita Hilaronis, 2, Hilarion was born in the village of Thabatha, which is about five miles from Gaza; Thebasa, according to Niceph. ix. 15.

226. 1259

     See below, chap. 16, and vi. 34.

227. 1260

     Soc. ii. 43.

228. 1261

     Sulp. Sev. Vita Martini.

229. 1262

     Ruf. H. E. ii. 7; i. 30, 31; Soc. iv. 25; iii. 10; ii. 35; Hieron. de vir. illust. c. cix.

230. 1263

     He alludes to the treatises of Hilary against the Arians and Auxentius, and against Constantius.

231. 1264

     That, namely, of the Luciferians. Cf. Soc. iii. 9.

232. 1265

     Cf. Soc. ii. 35; Philost. iii. 15-20; supplementa from Phot. cod. 40; fragmenta from Suidas, s.v.

233. 1266

     See below, vi. 34. This chapter is independent. Theod. iv. 29 has Soz. before him, and possibly also the same original. Cf. Hieron. de vir. illust. cxv.

234. 1267

     Cf. Euseb. H. E. iv. 30.

235. 1268

     This chapter is an independent view, and also groups the laws under Constantius. Cf. Cod. Theod.

236. 1269

     demosion oiketen einai. The early interpreters understood these words as referring to the Jewish offender, and not to the slave. But the law itself is extant in Cod. Theod. xvi. 91, 2, and is entitled Ne Christianum Mancipium Judæus habeat. The second law begins: Si aliquis Judæorum, mancipium sectæ alterius seu nationis crediderit comparandum, mancipium fisco protenus vindicetur.

237. 1270

     An independent survey of the imperial and clerical views.

238. 1271

     An independent chapter on the true cause of division and the origin of the council of Ariminum. Cf. Athan. Ep. de Synodis.

239. 1272

     Cf. Soc. ii. 37.

240. 1273

     kat' ousian anomoion is the right correction of Valesius.

241. 1274

     A mistake for Constantius.

242. 1275

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 51-56; Hist. Arian. 15, 16; Ruf. i. 19; Soc. ii. 22, 23, who gives texts from Athanasius of the second letter of Constans (in part); those of Constantius to Athanasius; and Julius to the Alexandrians. Philost. iii. 13.

243. 1276

     Here he uses Athan. Historia Arian. 28; Apol. de fuga sua, 26. Theodoret, too, in his sketch of Leontius, H. E. ii. 24, quotes briefly from Athan. Cf. Philost. iii. 13.

244. 1277

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 54-56; Hist. Arian. 23; these are given in Soc. ii. 23; and for the Synod of Jerusalem, ii. 24; Ruf. i. 19.

245. 1278

     From Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 57, where also the names of the subscribers are given.

246. 1279

     From Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 58; Soc. ii. 24, only an allusion; Hil. Fragm. ii. 20; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 36.

247. 1280

     Athan. Apol. cont. Arian. 58; Hil. Fragm. ii. 20.

248. 1281

     Soc. ii. 23.

249. 1282

     According to Soz. a.d. 351, really a.d. 350.

250. 1283

     Ruf. H. E. i. 19; Soc. ii. 25, 26. Soz. here condenses Soc. Cf. Athan. Apol. ad. Imp. Constantium.

251. 1284

     Zos. ii. 41-53; Am. Marcel. xv. 1, 2; Petrus Patricius, Historia, 14; Eutrop. Brev. Hist. Rom. x. 9-11.

252. 1285

     Soc. ii. 26, 27; Athan. Hist. Arian. 7; Apol de fuga sua, 3; cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 5.

253. 1286

     See preceding references; Athan. is decided.

254. 1287

     An independent chapter.

255. 1288

     Niceph. Coll. H. E. ix. 30 adds that they were the notaries of Paul; hence the caption. The memory of these martyrs is celebrated in the Greek Church under the name of the Notaries, on the 25th of October.

256. 1289

     Eutrop. Brev. Hist. Rom. x. 11, 12; Zos. ii. 44, 45; Athan. Apol. de fuga sua, 6, 7; Ep. ad Episc. Æg. et Lib. 7; Soc. ii. 25-29; Ruf. H. E. i. 19; Philost. iii. 22, 25.

257. 1290

     The letter here alluded to by Sozomen was addressed by Cyril of Jerusalem to Constantius, and is extant among his works. c. 1165, M. P. G. 33; cf. Soc. ii. 28; Philost. iii. 26; Hieron. Chron. Eus. s. a.d. 357.

258. 1291

     Athan. de Synodis, 8, 9; Soc. ii. 29-31, 37; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 36, 37.

259. 1292

     Soc. ii. 30, text.

260. 1293

     Soc. ii. 30, Latin text translated into Greek.

261. 1294

     Athan. de Synodis, 8; Soc. ii. 37, text translated into Greek.

262. 1295

     Soc. ii. 32-34; cf. Philost. iii. 26-28; iv. 1; Orosius, vii. 29; language and order like Soz.; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 38; Am. Marcel. xiv. 1, 7-9, 11; Zos. ii. 45-55; Eutrop. Brev. hist. Rom. x. 12, 13.

263. 1296

     a.d. 353.

264. 1297

     Soc. ii. 33, 34.

265. 1298

     a.d. 353.

266. 1299

     Independent chapter.

267. 1300

     Sozomen is mistaken in saying twenty-five years; he was bishop from a.d. 337-352, fifteen years; this error is due to his earlier confusion of Julius and Silvester.

268. 1301

     See above, iii. 20.

269. 1302

     Sozomen is the only historian who makes mention of this Synod at Antioch in Syria; probably from Sabinus.

270. 1303

     Ruf. H. E. i. 19, 20; Athan. Hist. Arian. 31-46, and probably the lost letter of consecration addressed to the nuns; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 14, 15; Soc. ii. 36; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 39.

271. 1304

     Or, as Rufinus and Sulpicius Severus call him, Rhodanius. Socrates omits Rhodanius and Lucifer, and does not mention Hilary. Sozomen evidently used Rufinus. Rhodanius was bishop of Toulouse. Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 39.

272. 1305

     The general was Syrianus; Hilary was notary to the Emperor Constantius, and was sent by him to expel Athanasius from Alexandria. On the whole passage, see Athan. Apol. ad Const. imp. 19-25; Apol. de fuga sua, 24.

273. 1306

     Ruf. H. E. i. 18, 33, 34; Soc. ii. 45; iii. 14; Sozomen groups these stories without regard to time; see next chapter; he has some independent material.

274. 1307

     Soc. iii. 14.

275. 1308

     Athan. Hist. Arian. 31-46; Ruf. H. E. i. 21; Soc. ii. 36; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 39: cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 16, dialogue between the emperor and Liberius; Am. Marcel. xv. 7.

276. 1309

     The dialogue is preserved in Theodoret, H. E. ii. 16. Cf. Hil. Fragm. v., vi.

277. 1310

     He means the Arian bishops. It is like the terms Athanasius employs.

278. 1311

     One would have expected from Liberius "the same," i.e. homos instead of homoios.

279. 1312

     iii. 15, and references there; Athan. de Synodis, 8, 38; Soc. ii. 35, 36; cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 24.

280. 1313

     So also says Socrates. But Epiphanius asserts that he was ordained by George of Alexandria in Taurus. Adv. hæres. iii. 1, 38 (hæres. lxxiii.).

281. 1314

     Otherwise called Germinius. He was afterwards promoted to the bishopric of Sirmium, according to Athan. Hist. Arian. 74; cf. de Synodis, 1, 8.

282. 1315

     See, above, chap. vi. near the end.

283. 1316

     Athanasius also excuses the lapse of Hosius on the ground that he acted under compulsion.

284. 1317

     Not the individual letter of Eudoxius, according to some readings, but of the Synod of Antioch.

285. 1318

     Philost. iv. 4-6, 8; x. 12; and fragment in Suidas s. Eudoxius; Athan. Hist. Arian. 4, 5; Hil. de Synod. 8, 9, 90; Soc. ii. 37, 40; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 25, 26.

286. 1319

     Independent document. Cf. Theodoret, ii. 26, who alludes to the first part of this letter, then apparently mixes another one by Constantius with it.

287. 1320

     Athan. Hist. Arian. 35-41; Epistles of Liberius, M. P. L. 8; Hil. Fragm. iv.-vi.; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 17; Ruf. i. 22; Philost. iv. 3; Soc. ii. 37; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 39. Many independent details.

288. 1321

     The fourth Sirmium council, a.d. 358.

289. 1322

     Philost. iv. 10, 11; Athan. de Synodis, 2-7; Soc. ii. 37, 39; cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 18, 26. Soz.'s facts are more voluminous, and the grouping independent.

290. 1323

     Cf. Am. Marcell. xvii. 7; Idatius under 358 in Descriptio Consulum.

291. 1324

     A story from tradition by Soz.

292. 1325

     Athan. de Synodis, 8-11; Soc. ii. 37; Ruf. i. 21; Philost. H. E. iv. 10; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 18.

293. 1326

     a.d. 359.

294. 1327

     This speech is quoted directly in Soc. ii. 37.

295. 1328

     Athan. de Synodis, 3; quoted by Soc. ii. 37.

296. 1329

     The emperor had requested ten; cf. also ii. 23.

297. 1330

     Athan. de Synodis, c. 10; Hil. Fragm. viii., Latin form; Soc. ii. 37; Theod. ii. 19.

298. 1331

     In addition to the references in 18, Athan. Synodis, 55; Ep. ad. Afros episcopos, 3, 4. Documents reproduced in Soc. ii. 37.

299. 1332

     The reply of the bishops to Constantius, also reproduced in Theodoret, H. E. ii. 20, from Athan. de Synodis, 55. Soz. presents the best general grouping of the facts.

300. 1333

     Soc. ii. 38, from which the most of this chapter is derived; a few details in addition are given by Soz. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 26.

301. 1334

     Soc. ii. 38; order and detail from Socrates.

302. 1335

     Soz. alludes to the original acts of the Synod at the end, and Soc. ii. 39, to Sabinus' collection. Sabinus probably reported the exact originals. Athan. de Synodis, 12, 13; Hil. contra Constantium, 12; Philost. iv. 11; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 42. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 26; Athan. de Synodis, 29.

303. 1336

     The author of the first formulary of Sirmium is here given by Soz. Soc. stated it, ii. 30.

304. 1337

     See above, 16.

305. 1338

     Given by Soc. ii. 40.

306. 1339

     Mistake for Annianus, as given in 24.

307. 1340

     Soc. refers anxious readers to the collection by Sabinus, ii. 39.

308. 1341

     A few hints in Philost. iv. 12; Soc. ii. 41. Cf. Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 43-45; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 27. But the main part is independent.

309. 1342

     Cf. iv. 18; twenty. Philost. tells us that Acacius prepared the minutes of this Synod.

310. 1343

     Concerning this Honoratus see the Descriptio Consulum of Idatius.

311. 1344

     The acts of this Synod of Constantinople were written by Acacius. Cf. Philost. iv. 12. Further, cf. Philost. iv. 12, v. 1; Athan. de Synodis, 30, the formulary; Soc. ii. 41 (with the revised formulary), 42, 43; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 27, 28. Soz. enlarges on the depositions, giving us much new material; Theodoret gives a letter against Aetius (from Sabinus?).

312. 1345

     Further mention is made of this Hermogenes by Am. Marcell. xix. 12, 6; xxi. 6, 9.

313. 1346

     Cf. iv. 22.

314. 1347

     See references to previous chapter.

315. 1348

     See the abrogation of the time-limit through a Synod convened by Eudoxius. Philost. vii. 6.

316. 1349

     Soc. ii. 43; Ruf. H. E. i. 21. Soz. has independent details.

317. 1350

     Cf. with Ruf. H. E. i. 21.

318. 1351

     Soc. ii. 45; Ruf. H. E. ii. 25; Theodoret, H. E. ii. 6. Soz. independent.

319. 1352

     Cf. Philost. iv. 9.

320. 1353

     After a.d. 395. Yet according to vii. 2, the Macedonians took advantage of the Gratian law and repossessed the churches from which Valens had ejected them.

321. 1354

     Soc. ii. 44. The order is the same in Soz., but with many new details. Philost. v. 1, 5; Ruf. H. E. i. 24. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. ii. 31.

322. 1355

     Soc. ii. 45. Soz. and he are much alike, but yet each has independent statements; both evidently draw from the same source. Athan. de Synodis, 31; Ruf. H. E. i. 25.

323. 1356

     1 Cor. xi. 12.

324. 1357

     Soc. ii. 45. Soz. has some order, but varying points.

325. 1358

     Namely, Artemius, who was afterwards martyred under Julian. Am. Marcel. xxii. 11. 3-8.

326. 1359

     Soc. iv. 25. Epiphanius (adv. Hæres, ii. 3, 10; Hæres, lxvi.), places another Cyril after Herennius. Soc. calls Erennius, Arrenius.

327. 1360

     Soc. ii. 47, and iii. 1; Ruf. H. E. i. 26; Orosius, vii. 29, 30; Philost. vi. 5, 6. Soz. has much that is independent. Cf. Eunapius, Zos., and Am. Marcel. under the reigns of Constantius and Julian. Eutrop. Brev. Hist. Rom. x. 14, 15.

328. 1361

     Soc. iii. 1. Much the same order is followed by Soz., but with the addition of many details. Greg. Naz. adv. Julianum, i. and ii. Invectiva; Eunapius, Excerpt, i. 1, 2; Excerpt, ii. 1-24; Zos. ii. 45; iii. 2-29, 34. Am. Marcel. xv.-xxiv. Theodoret, H. E. iii. 2, 3, follows Soz. succinctly.

329. 1362

     Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Julianum, i. 54.

330. 1363

     Greg. Naz. cont. Julianum, 1 inv. 55.

331. 1364

     Under Aurelian, a.d. 274. The Greeks celebrate him Sept. 2; Latins, Aug. 17. He is said by Greg. Naz. (Orat. 44, 12), and by Basil (Hom. 23, on St. Mammas) to have been a shepherd and also a martyr. The miraculous story here related is given also by Greg. Naz. in his First Oration against Julian, 25, though he does not mention the martyr's name.

332. 1365

     See Eunap. V. S. vita Maximi; Julian wrote four letters to him, Op. Ep. 15, 16, 38, 39; to be distinguished from another teacher of Julian, Maximus of Epirus.

333. 1366

     Sozomen is mistaken here, as Constantia was married to Gallus Cæsar, the brother of Julian. Soc. iii. 1, and Am. Marcel. xv. 8, 18, give Helena as the name of Julian's wife.

334. 1367

     As Eunapius, Exc. ii. 3.

335. 1368

     An independent chapter; cf. Theodoret, H. E. iii. 6, 7.

336. 1369

     The record is unique with Soz. Cf. the allusion in Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Julianum, i. 92; and Am. Marcel. xx. 9. 1, 2 (Mazaca).

337. 1370

     Am. Marcel. in quotation above; and Philost. ix. 12, who says that the original name of Cæsarea was Mazaca, from Mosoch, afterwards changed into Mazaca by inflection.

338. 1371

     To Tucheion was the Byzantine term for the temple of the city genius. This one is mentioned by Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Julianum, i. 92, as Tuche; similarly in Or. xviii. 34.

339. 1372

     Concerning this Maris, see Soc. iii. 12.

340. 1373

     Soc. iii. 11; Philost. vi. 7, vii. 4.

341. 1374

     Eus. V. C. ii. 30-42.

342. 1375

     Juliani Op. Ep. 31, a letter from him to Aetius.

343. 1376

     Pallad. H. I. 136; cf. Soc. iii. 4; cf. Chronicon prævium to Festal letters, under a.d. 360.

344. 1377

     Soc. iii. 2-4. Cf. Philost. vii. 2; Am. Marcel. xxii. 11. 3-11; Athan. Ep. ad. Episc. 7; Hist. Arian. 51, 72, 75, etc.; Juliani Op. Epp. 8, 9, 10, 36, 45, 55.

345. 1378

     Text given by Soc. iii. 3; cf. Juliani Op. Ep. 10.

346. 1379

     Philost. vii. 10, variations; Theodoret, iii. 12, 13. Cf. Am. Marcel. xxiii. 1. 4-6.

347. 1380

     Felix and Elpidius, officials whom Philost. and Theodoret assert to have been punished.

348. 1381

     Soz. alone reports this, probably from local martyrology or from Bishop Zeno.

349. 1382

     Hieron. Vita Hilarionis (divergent on some points).

350. 1383

     Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Julianum, i. 86, 87.

351. 1384

     Eus. V. C. iii. 58.

352. 1385

     Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Julianum, i. 88-90.

353. 1386

     He means Sallustius, who was at this time præfectus prætorio Orientis, to be distinguished from another Sallustius, who was præfectus prætorio Galliæ.

354. 1387

     Most likely this was the same Mark, bishop of Arethusa, mentioned in iii. 10; iv. 6, 12, 16, 22.

355. 1388

     For the Phrygians, Soc. iii. 15.

356. 1389

     Independent with Soz.

357. 1390

     Basil, M. Ep. c.; Greg. Naz. Ep. lviii.

358. 1391

     Athan. Hist. Arian. 33; Apol. de fuga sua, 4. The whole of the Tomus ad Antioch.; Soc. iii. 5-8; Ruf. H. E. i. 27-30; Theodoret, H. E. iii. 4, 5.

359. 1392

     Soc. iii. 6.

360. 1393

     Soc. gives a considerable extract, iii. 8, from Athan. Apol. de fuga sua.

361. 1394

     Ruf. H. E. i. 30, 31; Soc. iii. 9, 10. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. iii. 4, 5; Sulp. Sev. H. S. ii. 45.

362. 1395

     Soc. iii. 10, who says his source is Sabinus, en te sunagoge ton sunodikon.

363. 1396

     Soc. iii. 10, gives a direct extract; Soz. leaves out some words purposely.

364. 1397

     Soc. iii. 13, 14; Ruf. H. E. i. 32-34; all remotely; much new material in this chapter. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. iii. 9; Athan. Ep. Heort., under 363.

365. 1398

     The edict of Julian, in Juliani Op. Ep. xxvi.

366. 1399

     Juliani Op. Ep. lii. Julianus Bostrenis.

367. 1400

     He probably means that of Alaphion.

368. 1401

     He means Salamines, Phuscon, Malachion, and Crispion, whom he mentions below, vi. 32.

369. 1402

     Independent with Soz.

370. 1403

     Juliani Op. Ep. xlix.

371. 1404

     Odyss.xiv. 56.

372. 1405

     Odyss.x. 74.

373. 1406

     Soc. iii. 13; Ruf. H. E. i. 32; Greg. Naz. cont. Jul. i. 66, 80, 84; Theodoret, H. E. iii. 16, 17.

374. 1407

     Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Jul. i. 66.

375. 1408

     Id.80, 81.

376. 1409

     Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Jul. i. 82-84; Theodoret, H. E. iii. 17; the variations.

377. 1410

     Juliani Op. Ep. xlii.; Soc. iii. 13.

378. 1411

     Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Jul. i. 101-124; Ruf. H. E. i. 32; Theodoret. H. E. iii. 8.

379. 1412

     The question about the nature of Christian culture has Socrates on the side of the humanities, iii. 16, where there is an extended argument in defense of a return to the study of Greek literature. Sozomen is somewhat on the fence, but inclining towards the opposite view.

380. 1413

     Apolinarius (Apollinaris), bishop of Hierapolis, also wrote a treatise with the same name. See Euseb. H. E. iv. 27, and Phot. Bibl., Cod. 145.

381. 1414

     Ep.77., formerly falsely ascribed to Julian.

382. 1415

     Soc. iii. 17, 18; Ruf. H. E. i. 35; Philost. vii. 8; Theodoret, iii. 10; Am. Marcel. xxii. 14. 1-3.

383. 1416

     Ruf. H. E. i. 36; Soc. iii. 19; Theodoret, H. E. iii. 11; Am. Marcel. xxii. 13.

384. 1417

     Rufinus saw Theodore at Antioch, and asked him this question, Ruf. i. 36; and Soc. shows the source from which he borrowed the story by affirming that Rufinus, author of an ecclesiastical history in Latin, had this interview with Theodore.

385. 1418

     Am. Marcel. xxii. 13. 1-3.

386. 1419

     Philost. vii. 3, who was eyewitness.

387. 1420

     Eus. H. E. vii. 18.

388. 1421

     Luke xxiv. 13.

389. 1422

     Ch. xix. 1.

390. 1423

     Ruf. H. E. i. 37-39; Philost. vii. 14; Soc. iii. 20; Theodoret, H. E. iii. 20; Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Jul. ii. 3, 4; and particularly Am. Marcel. xxiii. 1. 1-3.

391. 1424

     Juliani Op. Ep. xxv., ad Judæorum nationem.

392. 1425

     Philost. vii. 15; Eutrop. Brev. hist. rom. x. 16; Eunap. Fr. ii. 15-19; Am. Marcel. xxiii. and xxiv.; Ruf. i. 36; Soc. iii. 21; Greg. Naz. Or. cont. Jul. ii. 8-15; Zos. iii. 12-30; Orosius, vii. 30.

393. 1426

     Libanii Op. vol. ii. p. 614, ed. Reisk. Cf. Soc. iii. 22, 23; a summary and refutation of Libanius.

394. 1427

     Independent chapter. Cf. Ephr. Syr. Carmina adv. Julianum, ed. Overbeck.

395. 1428

     Theodoret, H. E. iii. 23 (a pedagogue).

396. 1429

     Cf. version by Philost. vii. 15.

397. 1430

     A mistake; it occurred under Valentian and Valens. Am. Marcel. xxvi. 10. 15-19. Idatius: Descr. Consulum, under a.d. 385 (July 21).

398. 1431

     Soc. iii. 22; Ruf. H. E. ii. 1; Philost. viii. 1, 5. Cf. Theodoret, iv. 1, 2, 4; Eutrop. Brev. hist. rom. x. 17, 18; Zos. iii. 30-35; Am. Marcel. xxv. 5. 4-10.

399. 1432

     This is Sallustius, the prefectus prætorio of the Oriens, who bore the name Secundus.

400. 1433

     This constitution of Jovian is extant in Cod. Theod. ix. 25; de raptu, vel matrimonio sanctimonialium virginum vel viduarum, 2.

401. 1434

     Soc. iii. 24, 25; Philost. viii. 5; Theodoret, H. E. iv. 2, 4.

402. 1435

     From Sabinus, according to Soc. iv. 25, who also gives the text.

403. 1436

     A largely independent chapter. Cf. Soc. iii. 24; Philost. viii. 6.

404. 1437

     This may have a connection with Theodoret, iv. 2, 3; Athanas. Ep. ad Jovianum imp., where several petitions and interlocutions of the Arians with Jovian against Athanasius are given.

405. 1438

     The accusations made by the Arians, Lucius and Bernicianus. See preceding reference to Ep. ad Jovianum, 4.

406. 1439

     Philost. viii. 8; Soc. iii. 26; iv. 1; Ruf. ii. 1, 2. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. iv. 5, 6; Eudox. Brev. hist. rom. x. 18; Zos. iii. 35, 36; Am. Marcel. xxv. 10, 12-17; Jovian, xxvi. 1-4, accession of Valentinian and choice of Valens.

407. 1440

     Philost. vii. 7; Theodoret, H. E. iii. 16.

408. 1441

     Soc. iv. 2, 4. Soz. is much fuller; probably from Sabinus.

409. 1442

     Soc. iv. 5-7; Philost. ix. 5; Eunap. Fr. i. 5; ii. 28; Am. Marcel. xxvi. 5-10; Zos. iv. 4-8.

410. 1443

     Soc. iv. 9, the source.

411. 1444

     According to Am. Marcel. xxvi. 6, 14, the Anastasian baths were so called after a sister of Constantine. But Soz. supposes that there were baths in his day named after the sisters, not the one, but both. Soc. says only Anastasia. Cf. Idatius, Desc. Coss. s. a.d. 375. His cons. thermæ Carosianæ dedicatæ sunt agente præfecto V. C. Vendalonis Magno.

412. 1445

     Valesius remarks that the title of this chapter is incorrect, and that it was the Macedonians, and not the orthodox Christians, who sent the embassy to Rome.

413. 1446

     Soc. iv. 10, 11, 12, from whom Soz. seems to have compressed.

414. 1447

     Soc. iv. 12. Soz. has only half of the document with a number of variations.

415. 1448

     A curious blunder.

416. 1449

     Soc. iv. 12, 13, 20. Soz. has much more acts and details. Sabinus is probably a chief source, though not the only one. Soc. iv. 12, at end.

417. 1450

     Text reads ana ten 'Asian; it is wrong to substitute dusin.

418. 1451

     Obviously an error in the text, for Constantius. See below, where the name is given correctly.

419. 1452

     Cf. Chronicon, prefacing the Festal letters of Athan. from a.d. 365 on.

420. 1453

     Soc. iv. 13-15; Philost. ix. 4-10.

421. 1454

     Soc. iv. 16. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. iv. 24.

422. 1455

     Independent chapter.

423. 1456

     Concerning this difference, see Greg. Naz. Or. xliii. 27-37, in praise of Basil.

424. 1457

     Greg. Naz. Or. xliii. 44-57; Greg. Nyss. contra Eunomium, ii. 290-295; Ruf. ii. 9; Soc. iv. 26. Cf. Theodoret, iv. 19.

425. 1458

     Chrysostom, de Sacerdotio, i. 1-7.

426. 1459

     Soc. iv. 26; Ruf. ii. 9. Cf. Theodoret, H. E. iv. 30.

427. 1460

     He had been coadjutor bishop during his father's lifetime.