Ancient – Annuitant

Ancient

AN'CIENT, adjective Usually pronounced most anomalously, ancient The pronunciation of the first vowel ought to accord with that is antiquity, anger, anchor, etc. [Lt. ante, antiquus.] We usually apply ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never the old sun, old stars, an old river or mountain.

1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; as, ancient authors, ancient days. Old, says Johnson, relates to the duration of the thing itself, as an old coat; and ancient to time in general, as an ancient dress. But this distinction is not always observed. We say, in old times, as well as ancient times; old customs, etc. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which as ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient as ancient republics' ancient heroes, and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times, is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books. But in these examples ancient seems the most correct, or best authorized. Some persons apply ancient to men advanced in years still living; but this use is not common in modern practice, though found in scripture.

With the ancient is wisdom. Job.

2. Old; that has been of long duration; as, an ancient forest; an ancient city.

3. Known from ancient times; as the ancient continent, opposed to the new continent.

AN'CIENT, noun Generally used in the plural, ancients. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns.

1. In scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, political and ecclesiastical.

The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people. Isaiah 3:2. Jeremiah 19:1.

God is called the ancient of days from his eternal existence. Daniel 7:9.

Hooker uses the word for seniors, 'They were his ancients, ' but the use is not authorized.

2. ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a ship of war; and for an ensign or the bearer of a flag, as in Shakespeare. Cowel supposed the word, when used for a flag, to be a corruption of end-sheet, a flag at the stern. It is probably the Fr. enseigne.

Ancient demain, in English Law, is a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names etc. of these were all entered in a book called Domes-day Book.

Anciently

AN'CIENTLY, adverb In old times; in times long since past; as Rome was anciently more populous than at present.

Ancientness

AN'CIENTNESS, noun The state of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.

Ancientry

AN'CIENTRY, noun Dignity of birth; the honor of ancient lineage.

Ancienty

AN'CIENTY, noun Age; antiquity. [Not used.]

AN'CIENTY, noun In some old English statutes and authors, eldership or seniority.

Ancillary

AN'CILLARY, adjective [Latin ancilla, a female servant.]

Pertaining to a maid servant, or female service; subservient as a maid servant.

Ancipital

ANCIP'ITAL, adjective [Latin anceps.]

Doubtful, or double; double-faced or double-formed; applied to the stem of a plant, it signifies a two edged stem, compressed and forming two opposite angles.

Ancome

AN'COME, noun A small ulcerous swelling coming suddenly.

Ancon

AN'CON, noun [Latin ancon; Gr. the elbow.]

The olecranon, the upper end of the ulna, or elbow.

Ancone

AN'CONE, noun [Latin ancon, Gr.] In architecture, the corner of a wall, crossbeam or rafter.

Ancony

AN'CONY, noun [Probably from Gr., the cubit, from its resemblance to the arm.]

In iron works, a piece of half wrought iron, in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and unwrought at the ends. A piece of cast iron is melted off and hammered at a forge, into a mass of two feet long and square, which is called a bloom; then, carried to a finery, and worked into an ancony; it is then sent to a chafery, where the ends are wrought into the shape of the middle, and whole is made into a bar.

And

AND, conjunction

AND is a conjunction, connective or conjoining word. It signifies that a word or part of a sentence is to be added to what precedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange; that is, give me an apple, add or give in addition to that, an orange. John and Peter and James rode to New York, that is, John rode to New York; add or further, Peter rode to New York; add James rode to New York.

Andalusite

AN'DALUSITE, noun A massive mineral, of a flesh or rose red color; sometimes found crystallized in imperfect four-sided prisms, nearly or quite rectangular. Its hardness is nearly equal to that of Corundum, and it is infusible by the blow pipe. It has its name from Andalusia, in Spain, where it was first discovered.

Andante

ANDAN'TE, [Eng. to wend, to wander.]

In music, a word used to direct to a movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro.

Andean

AN'DEAN, adjective Pertaining to the Andes. The great chain of mountains extending through S. America.

Andira

ANDI'RA, noun A species of bat in Brazil, nearly as large as a pigeon.

Andiron

AND'IRON, noun

An iron utensil used, in Great Britain, where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a spit; but in America, used to support the wood in fire places.

Andorinha

ANDORIN'HA, noun The Brazilian swallow.

Andranatomy

ANDRANAT'OMY, noun [Gr. a man and dissection.]

The dissection of a human body, especially of a male.

Andreolite

AN'DREOLITE, noun A mineral, the harmotome, or cross-stone.

Androgynal

ANDROG'YNAL,

ANDROG'YNALLY, adverb With the parts of both sexes.

Androgynally

ANDROG'YNALLY, adv. With the parts of both sexes.

Androgynous

ANDROG'YNOUS, adjective [Gr. a man and woman.]

Having two sexes; being male and female; hermaphroditical.

In botany, the word is applied to plants which bear both male and female flowers from the same root, as birch, walnut, oak, chestnut, mulberry, etc. These plants constitute the monecian class in Linne's system, and frequently have an amentum, thong or catkin, for a calyx.

Androgynus

ANDROG'YNUS, noun A hermaphrodite.

Android

AN'DROID, noun [Gr. man and form.]

A machine, in the human form, which, by certain springs, performs some of the natural motions of a living man. One of these machines, invented by M. Vaucanson, appeared at Paris in 1738, representing a flute player.

Andromeda

ANDROM'EDA, noun

1. A northern constellation, behind Pegasus, Cassiopeia and Perseus, representing the figure of a woman chained. The stars in this constellation, in Ptolemy's catalogue, are 23; in Tycho's 22; in Bayer's 27; in Flamsted's 84.

2. The name of a celebrated tragedy of Euripides, now lost.

Androphagi

ANDROPH'AGI, [Gr. man, and to eat.]

Man-eaters; but the word is little used, being superseded by anthropophagi, which see. Herodotus mentions people of this character.

Anear

ANE'AR, preposition Near.

Anecdote

AN'ECDOTE, noun [Gr. to publish, part, given out.]

In its original sense, secret history, or facts not generally known. But in more common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident; a single passage of private life. Procopius gave the title of anecdotes to a book he published against Justinian and his wife Theodora; and similar collections of incidents in the lives of eminent men are now common.

Anecdotical

ANECDOT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to anecdotes.

Anele

ANE'LE, verb transitive To give extreme unction. [Not used.]

Anemography

ANEMOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. wind, and description.] A description of the winds.

Anemology

ANEMOL'OGY, noun [Gr. wind, and discourse.] The doctrine of winds, or a treatise on the subject.

Anemometer

ANEMOM'ETER, noun [Gr. wind, and to measure.] An instrument or machine for measuring the force and velocity of the wind.

Anemone

ANEM'ONE,

ANEM'ONY, noun [Gr. from wind.]

Wind-flower; a genus of plants of numerous species. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens, of which their double flowers are among the most elegant ornaments.

Sea anemone See Animal Flower.

Anemony

ANEM'ONY, n. [Gr. from wind.] Wind-flower; a genus of plants of numerous species. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens, of which their double flowers are among the most elegant ornaments. Sea Anemone. See Animal Flower.

Anemoscope

ANEM'OSCOPE, noun [Gr. wind, and to view.] A machine which shows the course or velocity of the wind.

Anent

ANENT', preposition About; concerning; over against: a Scottish word. [Gr.]

Aneurism

AN'EURISM, noun [Gr. to dilate, from broad.]

A preternatural dilatation or rupture of the coats of an artery. This is encysted or diffused. The encysted aneurism is when the coats of the artery being only dilated, the blood is confined to its proper coat. Of this kind is the varicose. The diffused aneurism includes all those in which, from an aperture in the artery, the blood is spread about in the cellular membrane, out of its proper course.

Aneurismal

ANEURIS'MAL, adjective Pertaining to an aneurism.

Anew

ANEW', adverb [a and new.]

Over again; another time; in a new form; as, to arm anew; to create anew

Anfractuous

ANFRAC'TUOUS, adjective [Latin anfractus, of amb, about, and fractus, broken. See Break.]

Winding; full of windings and turnings; written less correctly, anfractuose.

Anfractuousness

ANFRAC'TUOUSNESS, noun A state of being full of windings and turnings.

Angariation

ANGARIA'TION, noun [Latin angario; Gr. to compel; a word of Persian origin.] Compulsion; exertion. [Not used.]

Angeiotomy

ANGEIOT'OMY, See Angiotomy.

Angel

AN'GEL, noun Usually pronounced angel but most anomalously. [Latin angelus; Gr. a messenger, to tell or announce.]

1. Literally, a messenger; one employed to communicate news or information from one person to another at a distance. But appropriately,

2. A spirit, or a spiritual intelligent being employed by God to communicate his will to man. Hence angels are ministers of God, and ministring spirits. Hebrews 1:4.

3. In a bad sense, an evil spirit; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. Math. 25. 1 Corinthians 6:3. Revelation 9:1.

4. Christ, the mediator and head of the church. Revelation 10:1.

5. A minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. Rev 2 and 3.

6. Any being whom God employs to execute his judgments. Rev 16.

7. In the style of love, a very beautiful person.

AN'GEL, noun A fish found on the coast of Carolina, of the thoracie order and genus Chaetodon. It has a small projecting mouth; the lamens above the gills are armed with cerulean spines; the body, a foot in length, appears as if cut off, and waved, and covered with large green scales.

AN'GEL, noun A gold coin formerly current in England, bearing the figure of an angel Skinner says, this device was impressed upon it in allusion to an observation of Pope Gregory the Great, who, seeing some beautiful English youths, in the market at Rome, asked who they were; being told they were Angli, English, he replied, they ought rather to be called angeli, angels. This coin had different values under different princes; but is now an imaginary sum or money of account, implying ten shillings sterling.

AN'GEL, adjective Resembling angels; angelic; as, angel whiteness.

Angel-Age

ANGEL-AGE, noun The existence or state of angels.

Angel-Fish

AN'GEL-FISH, noun A species of shark, the squalus squatina. It is from six to eight feet long, with a large head, teeth broad at the base, but slender and sharp above, disposed in five rows, all around the jaws. The fish takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally, like wings when spread. This fish connects the genus of rays, with that of sharks, partaking of the characters of both; but it differs from both in this, that its mouth is placed at the extremity of the head.

Angel-Like

AN'GEL-LIKE, adjective Resembling or having the manners of angels.

Angel-Shot

AN'GEL-SHOT, noun Chain-shot, being two halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain.

Angel-Winged

AN'GEL-WINGED, adjective Winged like angels.

Angel-Worship

AN'GEL-WORSHIP, noun The worshipping of angels.

Angelic

ANGEL'IC,

ANGEL'ICA, noun A genus of digynian pentanders, containing several species. The common sort is cultivated for medicinal uses. It grows naturally in northern climates, and has large umbels of a globose figure. The roots have a fragrant aromatic smell, and are used in the aromatic tincture. The stalks make an agreeable sweet-meat.

Angelica

ANGEL'ICA, n. A genus of digynian pentanders, containing several species. The common sort is cultivated for medicinal uses. It grows naturally in northern climates, and has large umbels of a globose figure. The roots have a fragrant aromatic smell, and are used in the aromatic tincture. The stalks make an agreeable sweet-meat.

Angelical

ANGEL'ICAL, adjective [Latin angelicus.] Resembling angels; belonging to angels, or partaking of their nature; suiting the nature and dignity of angels.

Angelically

ANGEL'ICALLY, adverb Like an angel.

Angelicalness

ANGEL'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.

Angelites

AN'GELITES, in Church history, so called from Angelicum in Alexandria, where they held their first meetings, a sect of heretics near the close of the 5th century, who held the persons of the trinity not to be the same, nor to exist by their own nature; but each to be a God existing by participating of a deity common to them all. They are called also Severites, from Severus, their head; and Theodosians, from one Theodosius, whom they made their Pope.

Angelology

ANGELOL'OGY, noun A discourse on angels; or the doctrine of angelic beings.

Angelot

AN'GELOT, noun

1. An instrument of music, somewhat resembling a lute.

2. An ancient English coin struck at Paris while under the dominion of England; so called from the figure of an angel supporting the escutcheon of the arms of England and France. Also, a small rich sort of cheese made in Normandy.

Anger

AN'GER, noun ang'ger. [Latin ango, to choke strangle, vex; whence angor, vexation, anguish, the quinsy, angina. Gr. to strangle, to strain or draw together to vex. The primary sense is to press, squeeze, make narrow; Heb. to strangle.]

1. A violent passion of the mind excited by a real or supposed injury; usually accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to obtain satisfaction from the offending party. This passion however varies in degrees of violence, and in ingenuous minds, may be attended only with a desire to reprove or chide the offender.

Anger is also excited by an injury offered to a relation, friend or party to which one is attached; and some degrees of it may be excited by cruelty, injustice or oppression offered to those with whom one has no immediate connection, or even to the community of which one is a member. Nor is it unusual to see something of this passion roused by gross absurdities in others, especially in controversy or discussion. anger may be inflamed till it rises to rage and a temporary delirium.

2. Paint; smart of a sore or swelling; the literal sense of the word, but little used.

AN'GER, verb transitive ang'ger.

1. To excite anger; to provoke; to rouse resentment.

2. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame; as, to anger an ulcer.

Angered

AN'GRED or ANG'ERED, participle passive Made angry; provoked.

Angerly

AN'GERLY, adverb [anger and like.] In an angry manner; more generally written angrily.

Angina

ANGI'NA, noun [Latin from ango, to choke. See Anger.]

A quinsey; an inflammation of the throat; a tumor impeding respiration. It is a general name of the diseases called sorethroat, as quinsy, scarlet fever, croup, mumps, etc.

Angina pectoris, an anomalous or spasmodic affection of the chest and organs of respiration; or a disease of the heart.

Angiography

ANGIOG'RAPHY, noun [Gr. a vessel, and description.] A description of the vessels in the human body.

Angiology

ANGIOL'OGY, noun [Gr. a vessel, and discourse.]

A treatise or discourse on the vessels of the human body, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, etc.

Angiomonospermous

ANGIOMONOSPERM'OUS, noun [Gr. a vessel, alone, and seed.]

Producing one seed only in a pod.

Angiosperm

AN'GIOSPERM, noun [Gr. a vessel, and seed.] In botany, a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.

Angiospermous

ANGIOSPERM'OUS, adjective Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp. In Linne's system, the second order of plants in the didynamian class are called angiospermia. This word is opposed to gymnospermous or naked-seeded.

Angiotomy

ANGIOT'OMY, noun [Gr. a vessel, and to cut.]

The opening of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding. It includes both arteriotomy and phlebotomy.

Angle

AN'GLE, noun [Latin angulus, a corner. Gr.]

In popular language, the point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a point; a corner.

In geometry, the space comprised between two straight lines that meet in a point, or between two straight converging lines which, if extended, would meet; or the quantity by which two straight lines, departing from a point, diverge from each other. The point of meeting is the vertex of the angle and the lines, containing the angle are its sides or legs.

In optics, the angle of incidence is the angle which a ray of light makes with a perpendicular to the surface, or to that point of the surface on which it falls.

The angle of refraction is the angle which a ray of light refracted makes with the surface of the refracting medium; or rather with a perpendicular to that point of the surface on which it falls.

A right angle is one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90 degrees, making the quarter of a circle.

An obtuse angle is greater than a right angle or more than 90 degrees.

A rectilineal or right-lined angle is formed by two right lines.

A curvilineal angle is formed by two curved lines.

A mixed angle is formed by a right line with a curved line.

Adjacent or contiguous angles are such as have one leg common to both angles, and both together are equal to two right angles.

External angles are angles of any right-lined figure without it, when the sides are produced or lengthened.

Internal angles are those which are within any right-lined figure.

Oblique angles are either acute or obtuse, in opposition to right angles.

A solid angle is the meeting of three or more plain angles at one point.

A spherical angle is one made by the meeting of two arches of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of the globe or sphere.

AN'GLE, noun A hook; an instrument to take fish, consisting of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook.

AN'GLE, verb intransitive

1. To fish with an angle or with line and hook.

2. verb transitive or i. To fish for; to try to gain by some bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish; as, to angle for the hearts of people, or to angle hearts.

Angle-Rod

AN'GLE-ROD, noun The rod or pole to which a line and hook are fastened.

Angled

AN'GLED, adjective Having angles - used only in compounds.

Angler

AN'GLER, noun One that fishes with an angle; also a fish, a species of lophius.

Anglic

AN'GLIC,

AN'GLICAN, adjective [Latin icus, in publicus, and all similar adjectives. From ing, was formed Angles, the English, to which is added this common affix, ic. Ing is annexed to many English names, as Reading, Basing, Kittering, towns situated on flat land.]

English; pertaining to England or the English nation; as the Anglican church.

Anglican

AN'GLICAN, a. [L. icus, in publicus, and all similar adjectives. From ing, was formed Angles, the English, to which is added this common affix, ic. Ing is annexed to many English names, as Reading, Basing, Kittering, towns situated on flat land.] English; pertaining to England or the English nation; as the Anglican church.

Anglicism

AN'GLICISM, noun An English Idiom; a form of language peculiar to the English.

Anglicize

AN'GLICIZE, verb transitive To make English; to render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.

Angling

AN'GLING, participle present tense Fishing with an angle.

AN'GLING, noun A fishing with a rod and line.

Anglo-Danish

ANGLO-DA'NISH, adjective Pertaining to the English Danes, or the Danes who settled in England.

Anglo-Norman

ANGLO-NORM'AN, a Pertaining to the English Normans.

Anglo-Saxon

ANGLO-SAX'ON, adjective Pertaining to the Saxons, who settled in England, or English Saxons.

ANGLO-SAX'ON, noun A kind of pear; also the language of the English Saxons.

Angola-Pea

ANGO'LA-PEA or PIGEON-PEA. A species of Cytisus.

Angor

AN'GOR, noun [Latin See anger.]

1. Pain; intense bodily pain.

2. The retiring of the native bodily heat to the center, occasioning head-ache, palpitation and sadness.

Angred

AN'GRED or ANG'ERED, participle passive Made angry; provoked.

Angrily

AN'GRILY, adverb In an angry manner; peevishly; with indications of resentment.

Angry

AN'GRY, adjective [See anger.]

1. Feeling resentment; provoked; followed generally by with before a person.

God is angry with the wicked every day. Psalms 7:11.

But it is usually followed by at before a thing.

Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice? Ecclesiastes 5:6.

2. Showing anger; wearing the marks of anger; caused by anger; as, an angry countenance; angry words.

3. Inflamed, as a sore; red; manifesting inflammation.

4. Raging; furious; tumultuous.

Or chain the angry vengeance of the waves.

Angsana

ANGSA'NA or ANGSA'VA, noun A red gum of the East Indies, like that of dragon's blood.

Angsava

ANGSA'NA or ANGSA'VA, noun A red gum of the East Indies, like that of dragon's blood.

Angu

AN'GU, noun Bread made of the Cassada, a plant of the W. Indies.

Anguifer

AN'GUIFER, noun [Latin anguis, a serpent, and fero, to bear.]

In astronomy, a cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a serpent; Serpentarius, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.

Anguilla

ANGUIL'LA, noun [Latin an eel.]

In zoology, an eel; also the name of a Mediterranean fish used for food, called also hospetus and atherina.

Anguilliform

ANGUIL'LIFORM, adjective [Latin anguilla, an eel, and forma, shape.] In the form of an eel, or of a serpent; resembling an eel or serpent.

Anguish

AN'GUISH, noun [Latin angustia, narrowness, from pressure. See Anger.]

Extreme pain, either of body or mind. As bodily pain, it may differ from agony, which is such distress of the whole body as to cause contortion, whereas anguish may be a local pain as of an ulcer, or gout. But anguish and agony are nearly synonymous. As pain of the mind, it signifies any keen distress from sorrow, remorse, despair and kindred passions.

And they hearkened not to Moses, for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Exodus 6:9.

AN'GUISH, verb transitive To distress with extreme pain or grief.

Anguished

AN'GUISHED, participle passive Extremely pained; tortured; deeply distressed.

Angular

AN'GULAR, adjective

1. Having an angle, angles or corners; pointed; as an angular figure.

2. Consisting of an angle; forming an angle; as an angular point.

Angularity

ANGULAR'ITY, noun The quality of having an angle or corner.

Angularly

AN'GULARLY, adverb With angles, or corners; in the direction of the angles.

Angularness

AN'GULARNESS, noun The quality of being angular.

Angulated

AN'GULATED, adjective Formed with angles or corners.

Angulous

AN'GULOUS, adjective Angular; having corners; hooked.

Angust

ANGUST', adjective [Latin angustus.] Narrow; straight. [Not used.]

Angustation

ANGUSTA'TION, noun [Latin angustus, narrow. See Anger.]

The act of making narrow; a straightening, or being made narrow.

Angusticlave

ANGUST'ICLAVE, noun [Latin angustus, narrow, and clavus, a knob or stud.]

A robe or tunic embroidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple stripes, worn by Roman knights. The laticlave, with broader studs, was worn by senators.

Anhelation

ANHELA'TION, noun [Latin anhelo, to pant or breathe with difficulty; from halo, to breathe.]

Shortness of breath; a panting; difficult respiration, without fever, or with a sense of suffocation.

Anhelose

ANHELO'SE, adjective Out of breath; panting; breathing with difficulty. [Little used.]

Anhima

AN'HIMA, noun A Brazilian aquatic fowl, larger than a swan, somewhat like a crane. Its head is small, its bill black, the toes armed with long claws. But what is remarkable, is a horn growing from its forehead; and the second joint of the wing is armed with two straight triangular spurs, an inch in length. The fidelity between the male and female is so great, that when one dies, the other remains by the carcass, till it expires.

Anhydrite

AN'HYDRITE, noun [See Anhydrous.]

A species of sulphate of lime, anhydrous gypsum, of which there are several varieties; compact, granular, fibrous, radiated, sparry, siliciferous or vulpinite, and convoluted.

Anhydrous

ANHY'DROUS, adjective [Gr. dry, and water.]

Destitute of water. Anhydrite is so called, because it is destitute of the water of crystallization.

Aniented

ANIENT'ED, adjective Frustrated; brought to naught. obsolete

Anight

ANI'GHT, adverb [a or at, and night.]

In the night time; anights, in the plural, is used of frequent and customary acts.

You must come in earlier anights.

Anil

AN'IL, noun A shrub from whose leaves and stalks indigo is made; Indigofera, or the indigo plant.

Anility

ANIL'ITY, noun [Latin anilis, anilitas, from anus, an old woman; Celtic, hen old.]

The state of being an old woman; the old age of a woman; dotage.

Animadversion

ANIMADVER'SION, noun [Latin animadversio.]

Remarks by way of censure or criticism; reproof; blame. It may sometimes be used for punishment, or punishment may be implied in the word, but this is not common. In an ecclesiastical sense, it differs from censure, says Ayliffe; censure, respecting spiritual punishment, and animadversion a temporal one. Glanville uses the word in the sense of perception, but this use is not authorized.

Animadversive

ANIMADVER'SIVE, adjective That has the power of perceiving. obsolete

Animadvert

ANIMADVERT', verb intransitive [Latin animadverto, of animus, mind, and adverto, to turn to.]

1. To turn the mind to; to consider.

2. To consider or remark upon by way of criticism or censure.

3. To inflict punishment; followed by upon.

Animadverter

ANIMADVERT'ER, noun One who animadverts or makes remarks by way of censure.

Animadverting

ANIMADVERT'ING, participle present tense Considering; remarking by way of criticism or censure.

Animal

AN'IMAL, noun [Latin animal from anima, air, breath, soul.]

An organized body, endowed with life and the power of voluntary motion; a living, sensitive, locomotive body; as, man is an intelligent animal Animals are essentially distinguished from plants by the property of sensation. The contractile property of some plants, as the mimosa, has the appearance of the effect of sensation, but it may be merely the effect of irritability.

The distinction here made between animals and vegetables, may not be philosophically accurate; for we cannot perhaps ascertain the precise limit between the two kinds of beings, but this is sufficiently correct for common practical purposes.

The history of animals is called zoology.

By way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid animal

AN'IMAL, adjective That belongs or relates to animals; as animal functions.

Animal is distinguished from intellectual; as animal appetites, the appetites of the body, as hunger and thirst.

The animal functions, are touch, taste, motion, etc.

Animal life is opposed to vegetable life.

Animal is opposed also to spiritual or rational, which respects the soul and reasoning faculties; as animal nature, spiritual nature, rational nature.

Animal food may signify that food which nourishes animals; but it usually denotes food consisting of animal flesh.

Animal economy is the system of laws by which the bodies of animals are governed and depending on their organic structure.

Animal spirit is a name given to the nervous fluid.

Animal spirits in the plural, life, vigor, energy.

Animal system, or animal kingdom denotes the whole class of beings endowed with animal life.

Animal-Flower

ANIMAL-FLOWER, noun In zoology, sea-anemone, sea-nettle or urtica marina, the name of several species of animals belonging to the genus actinia. They are called sea-nettle from their supposed property of stinging, and sea-anemone from the resemblance of their claws or tentacles, to the petals of some flowers. These are disposed in regular circles, and tinged with various bright colors. Some of these animals are hemispherical, others cylindrical; others are shaped like a fig. some are stiff and gelatinous; others, fleshy and muscular; but all can alter their figure by extending their claws in search of food. These animals can move slowly, but are generally fixed by one end to rocks or stones in the sand. On the other extremity, is the mouth in the center, which is surrounded by rows of fleshy claws and capable of great dilatation. They are very voracious, and will swallow a muscle, or crab, as large as a hen's egg.

The term Animal Flower, is also extended to many other marine animals, from their resemblance to flowers. They belong to the Holothurias, which with the Actinias, were ranged under the Molluseas, by Linne; and to the Tubularias and Hydras, which were classed with the Zoophytes. They are all arranged under Zoophytes, by Cuvier.

Animalcule

ANIMAL'CULE, noun [Latin animalculum, animalcula.]

A little animal; but appropriately, an animal whose figure cannot be discerned without the aid of a magnifying glass; such as are invisible to the naked eye.

Animalization

ANIMALIZA'TION, noun The act of giving animal life, or endowing with the properties of an animal.

Animalize

AN'IMALIZE, verb transitive

1. To give animal life to; to endow with the properties of animals.

2. To convert into animal matter.

Animalized

AN'IMALIZED, participle passive Endowed with animal life.

Animalizing

AN'IMALIZING, participle present tense Giving animal life to.

Animate

AN'IMATE, verb intransitive [Latin amino. See Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to quicken; to make alive; as the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of a thing; as, to animate a lyre.

3. To give spirit or vigor; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening passion; to stimulate or incite; as, to animate dispirited troops.

AN'IMATE, adjective Alive; possessing animal life.

[This word is used chiefly in poetry for animated.]

Animated

AN'IMATED, participle passive

1. Being endowed with anima life, as the various classes of animated beings.

2. adjective Lively; vigorous; full of spirit; indicating animation; as an animated discourse.

Animating

AN'IMATING, participle present tense Giving life; infusing spirit; enlivening.

Animation

ANIMA'TION, noun

1. The act of infusing life; the state of being animated.

2. The state of being lively, brisk or full of spirit and vigor; as, he recited the story with great animation

Animative

AN'IMATIVE, adjective That has the power of giving life or spirit.

Animator

AN'IMATOR, noun One that gives life; that which infuses life or spirit.

Anime

AN'IME, noun In heraldry, a term denoting that the eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture from the animal himself.

AN'IME, noun A resin exuding from the stem of a large American tree called by the natives courbaril; by Piso, jetaiba. It is of a transparent amber color, a light agreeable smell, and of little or no taste. It dissolves entirely, but not readily, in rectified spirit of wine, and is used by the Brazilians in fumigations, for pains proceeding from cold.

Animetta

ANIMET'TA, noun Among ecclesiastical writers, the cloth which covers the cup of the eucharist.

Animosity

ANIMOS'ITY, noun [Latin animositas; animosus, animated, courageous, enraged; from animus, spirit, mind passion. Gr. wind, breath, is from flowing, swelling, rushing, which gives the sense of violent action and passion. See animal.]

Violent hatred accompanied with active opposition; active enmity. animosity differs from enmity which may be secret and inactive; and it expresses a less criminal passion than malice. animosity seeks to gain a cause or destroy an enemy or rival, from hatred or private interest; malice seeks revenge for the sake of giving pain.

Aninga

ANIN'GA, noun A root growing in the West Indies, like the China plant, used in refining sugar.

Anise

AN'ISE, noun an'nis. [Latin anisum; Gr.]

An annual plant, placed by Linne under the genus Pimpinella. It grows naturally in Egypt, and is cultivated in Spain and Malta, whence the seeds are imported. The stalk rises a foot and a half high, dividing into slender branches, garnished with narrow leaves, cut into three or four narrow segments. The branches terminate in large loose umbels, composed of smaller umbels or rays, on long footstalks. The flowers are small and of a yellowish white; the seeds oblong and swelling. anise seeds have an aromatic smell, and a pleasant warm taste; they are useful in warming the stomach and expelling wind.

AN'ISE SEED, noun The seed of anise

Anker

ANK'ER, noun

A measure of liquids used in Holland, containing about 32 gallons, English measure.

Chambers says it contains two stekans; each stekan, 16 mengles; each mengle, 2 wine quarts.

Ankle

ANK'LE, noun ank'l. The joint which connects the foot with the leg.

Ankle-Bone

ANK'LE-BONE, noun The bone of the ankle.

Annalist

AN'NALIST, noun [See Annals.] A writer of annals.

Annalize

AN'NALIZE, verb transitive To record; to write annals. [Not much used.]

Annals

AN'NALS, noun plural [Latin amnales, annalis, from annus, a year, the root of which may be the Celtic an, ain, a great circle. Varro says the word annus signifies a great circle.]

1. A species of history digested in order of time, or a relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. annals differ from history, in merely relating events, without observations on the motives, causes and consequences, which, in history, are more diffusively illustrated.

2. The books containing annals as the annals of Tacitus.

Annats

AN'NATS, noun [Latin annus.]

A year's income of a spiritual living; the first fruits, originally given to the Pope, upon the decease of a bishop, abbot or parish clerk, and paid by his successor. In England, they were, at the reformation, vested in the king, and in the reign of Queen Anne, restored to the church, and appropriated to the augmentation of poor livings.

Anneal

ANNE'AL, verb transitive

1. To heat; to heat, as glass and iron for the purpose of rendering them less brittle, or to fix colors; vulgarly called nealing. This is done by heating the metal nearly to fluidity, in an oven or furnace, and suffering it to cool gradually. Metals made hard and brittle by hammering. by this process recover their malleability. The word is applied also to the baking of tiles.

2. To temper by heat; and Shenstone uses it for tempering by cold.

Annealed

ANNE'ALED, participle passive Heated; tempered; made malleable and less brittle by heat.

Annealing

ANNE'ALING, participle present tense heating; tempering by heat.

Annex

ANNEX', verb transitive [Latin annecto, annexum.]

1. To unite at the end; as to annex a codicil to a will. To subjoin, to affix.

2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a greater; as to annex a province to a kingdom.

3. To unite to something proceeding, as the main object; to connect with; as to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

ANNEX', verb intransitive To join; to be united.

Annexation

ANNEXA'TION, noun The act of annexing, or uniting at the end; conjunction; addition; the act of connecting; union. In English law, the uniting of lands or rents to the crown.

Annexed

ANNEX'ED, participle passive Joined at the end; connected with; affixed.

Annexing

ANNEX'ING, participle present tense Uniting at the end; affixing.

Annexion

ANNEX'ION, noun The act of annexing; annexation; addition. [Little used.]

Annexment

ANNEX'MENT, noun The act of annexing; the thing annexed.

Annihilable

ANNI'HILABLE, adjective That may be annihilated.

Annihilate

ANNI'HILATE, verb transitive [Latin ad and nihilum, nothing, of ne, not, and hilum, a trifle.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to destroy the existence of.

No human power can annihilate matter.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting and carrying away the trees, though the timber may still exist; to annihilate a house by demolishing the structure.

Annihilated

ANNI'HILATED, participle passive Reduced to nothing; destroyed.

Annihilating

ANNI'HILATING, participle present tense Reducing to nothing; destroying the specific form of.

Annihilation

ANNIHILA'TION, noun

1. The act of reducing to nothing or non-existence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it, as the annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being reduced to nothing.

Anniversarily

ANNIVERS'ARILY, adverb Annually.

Anniversary

ANNIVERS'ARY, adjective [Latin anniversarius, of annus, year, and verto, to turn.]

Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as an anniversary feast.

ANNIVERS'ARY, noun

1. A stated day returning with the revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on which some remarkable event is annually celebrated, or a day on which an interesting event is commemorated by solemnities of religion, or exhibitions of respect. In the Romish church, a day in which an office is yearly performed for the souls of the deceased.

2. The act of celebration; performance in honor of an event.

ANNO DOMINI. [Latin] In the year of our Lord, noting the time from our Savior's incarnation; as Anno Domini, or adjective D. 1800.

This was written Anno Domini, 1809 and revised adjective D. 1825 and 1827.

Annomination

ANNOMINA'TION, noun [Latin ad and nominatio, from nomino, to name, from nomen.]

1. A pun; the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of different meanings; a paronomasy.

2. Alliteration, or the use of two or more words successively beginning with the same letter.

Annona

ANNO'NA, noun [Latin annoma, from annus, a year, and signifying a year's production or increase; hence provisions.]

The custard apple, a genus of several species, one of which, the papaw, is common in the southern and western parts of the United States. [See Papaw.]

Annotate

AN'NOTATE, verb intransitive [Latin annoto.] To comment; to make remarks on a writing.

Annotation

ANNOTA'TION, noun [Latin annotatio, of ad and notatio, a marking, from noto, to mark, or nota, a mark.]

1. A remark, note or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to illustrate its meaning; generally used in the plural, as annotations on the scriptures.

2. The first symptoms of a fever, or attack of a paroxysm.

Annotator

AN'NOTATOR, noun A writer of notes; a commentator; a scholiast; one who writes notes to illustrate the composition of an author.

Annotta

ANNOT'TA, noun Orlean, or roucou; a hard dry paste, consisting of the pellicles of the seeds of the bixa orellana, a shrub growing in S. America and the W. Indies. It is moderately hard, of a brown color on the outside, and a dull red within. It is used in dyeing to give an orange cast to a simple yellow. It is used also in coloring cheese. [See Anotta.]

Announce

ANNOUNCE, verb transitive announs'. [Latin annuncio, to deliver a message, of ad and nuncio, to tell from nuncius, a messenger.]

1. To publish; to proclaim; to give notice, or first notice; as, the birth of Christ was announced by an angel.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.

Announced

ANNOUN'CED, participle passive Proclaimed; first published.

Announcement

ANNOUNCEMENT, noun announs'ment. The act of giving notice; proclamation; publication.

Announcer

ANNOUN'CER, noun One that announces, or first gives notice; a proclaimer.

Announcing

ANNOUN'CING, participle present tense Introducing notice; first publishing; proclaiming.

Annoy

ANNOY', verb transitive [Latin neceo, to hurt, that is, to strike; neco, to kill.

To incommode; to injure or disturb by continued or repeated acts; to tease, vex or molest; as, to annoy an army by impeding their march, or by a continued cannonade.

ANNOY', noun Injury or molestation from continued acts or inconvenience.

Annoyance

ANNOY'ANCE, noun That which annoys, or injures; the act of annoying; the state of being annoyed. It includes something more than inconvenience.

Annoyed

ANNOY'ED, participle passive Incommoded, injured or molested by something that is continued or repeated.

Annoyer

ANNOY'ER, noun One that annoys.

Annoyful

ANNOY'FUL, adjective Giving trouble; incommoding; molesting. [Not used.]

Annoying

ANNOY'ING, participle present tense Incommoding; hurting; molesting.

Annoyous

ANNOY'OUS, adjective Troublesome. [Not used.]

Annual

AN'NUAL, adjective [Latin annalis, from annus, a year; Gr.]

1. Yearly; that returns every year; coming yearly; as an annual feast.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or season; that requires to be renewed every year; as an annual plant. Leaves that grow in the spring, and perish in the autumn, are called annual in opposition to evergreens.

3. Performed in a year; as the annual motion of the earth.

AN'NUAL, noun A plant that lives but one year, or rather but one summer.

Annually

AN'NUALLY, adverb Yearly; returning every year; year by year.

Annuitant

ANNU'ITANT, noun [See annuity.]

One who receives or is entitled to receive an annuity.