Bass-Relief – Beamless

Bass-Relief

BASS-RELIE'F, noun In English, base-relief. [See Lift and Relief.]

Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far from the ground or plane on which they are formed. When figures do not protuberate so as to exhibit the entire body, they are said to be done in relief; and when they are low, flat or little raised from the plane,

the work is said to be in low relief. When the figures are so raised as to be well distinguished, they are said to be bold, strong, or high, alto relievo. [See Relief.]

Bass-Viol

BASS-VIOL, noun [See Base-viol]

Bassa

BAS'SA [See Bashaw.]

Basset

BAS'SET, noun A game at cards, said to have been invented at Venice, by a nobleman, who was banished for the invention. The game being introduced into France by the Venetian embassador, Justiniani, in 1674, it was prohibited by severe edicts.

BAS'SET, verb intransitive [See Basil.] Among coal diggers, to incline upwards. Thus a vein of coal bassets, when it takes a direction towards the surface of the earth. This is called cropping, and is opposed to dipping.

Basseting

BAS'SETING, participle present tense Having a direction upwards.

BAS'SETING, noun The upward direction of a vein in a coal mine.

Basso-Concertante

BASSO-CONCERTANTE, in music, is the base of the little chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece.

Basso-Continuo

BASSO-CONTINUO, thorough base, which see under base.

Basso-Relievo

BASSO-RELIEVO. [See Bass-relief.]

Basso-Repieno

BASSO-REPIENO, is the base of the grand chorus, which plays only occasionally, or in particular parts.

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Basso-Violino

BASSO-VIOLINO, is the base of the base-viol.

Bassock

BAS'SOCK, noun The same as bass, a mat.

Bassoon

BASSOON', noun A musical wind instrument, blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, which are stopped, as in other large flutes. Its compass comprehends three octaves. Its diameter at bottom is nine inches, and for convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is called also a fagot. It serves for the base in a concert of hautboys, flutes, etc.

Bassoonist

BASSOON'IST, noun A performer on the bassoon.

Bast

B'AST, noun A rope or cord, made of the bark of the lime tree, bass-wood or linden; or the bark made into ropes and mats.

Bastard

B'ASTARD, noun A natural child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate or spurious child. By the civil and canon laws, a bastard becomes a legitimate child, by the intermarriage of the parents, at any future time. But by the laws of this country, as by those of England, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage.

Bastard eigne', or bastard elder, in law, is when a man has a bastard son, and afterward marries the mother, and has a legitimate son, called mulier puisne, or younger.

B'ASTARD, noun A kind of sweet wine. [Not in use.]

B'ASTARD, adjective Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate.

2. Spurious; ; not genuine; false; supposititious; adulterate. In this sense, it is applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not genuine; as a bastard hope, bastard honors.

In military affairs, bastard is applied to pieces of artillery which are of an unusual make or proportion, whether longer or shorter, as the double culverin extraordinary, half or quarter culverin extraordinary.

Bastard-Flower-fence, a plant, a species of Adenanthera.

Bastard-hemp, a plant, a species of Datisca, false hemp.

Bastard-Rocket, dyers-weed, or wild woad, a species of Reseda.

Bastard-Star of Bethlehem, a plant, a species of Albuca.

Bastard-Scarlet, a red color dyed with balemadder.

B'ASTARD, verb transitive To make or determine to be a bastard

Bastardism

B'ASTARDISM, noun The state of a bastard.

Bastardize

B'ASTARDIZE, verb transitive To make or prove to be a bastard; to convict of being a bastard; to declare legally, or decide a person to be illegitimate.

The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.

2. To beget a bastard.

Bastardly

B'ASTARDLY, adverb In the manner of a bastard; spuriously.

Bastards

B'ASTARDS, an appellation given to a faction or troop of bandits, who ravaged Guienne in France in the 14th century; supposed to have been headed by the illegitimate sons of noblemen, who were excluded from the rights of inheritance.

Bastardy

B'ASTARDY, noun A state of being a bastard, or begotten and born out of lawful wedlock, which condition disables the person from inheriting an estate.

Bastarnic

BASTARN'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Basternae, ancient inhabitants of the Carpathian mountains.

Bastarnic Alps, the Carpathian mountains, between Poland, Hungary and Transvlvania; so called from the ancient inhabitants, the Bastarnoe.

Bastas

BAS'TAS, noun An India cloth or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best.

Baste

BASTE, verb transitive

1. To beat with a stick.

2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon the spit, in roasting; to moisten with fat or other liquid.

BASTE, verb transitive To sew with long stitches; to sew slightly.

Basted

BASTED, participle passive Beat with a stick; moistened with fat or other matter in roasting; sewed together with long stitches, or slightly.

Bastile

BAS'TILE, noun An old castle in Paris, built between 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison, and converted to the purpose of confining men for life, who happened to incur the resentment or jealousy of the French monarchs. It was demolished by the enraged populace in 1789.

Bastinade

BASTINA'DE

BASTINA'DO, noun [See Baste.] A sound beating with a stick or cudgel; the blows given with a stick or staff. This name is given to a punishment in use among the Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

BASTINA'DE

BASTINA'DO, verb transitive To beat with a stick or cudgel.

Bastinado

BASTINA'DO, n. [See Baste.] A sound beating with a stick or cudgel; the blows given with a stick or staff. This name is given to a punishment in use among the Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

Basting

BASTING, participle present tense Beating with a stick; moistening with dripping; sewing together with long stitches.

BASTING, noun A beating with a stick; a moistening with dripping; a sewing together slightly with long stitches.

Bastion

BAS'TION, noun bas'chun. A huge mass of earth, usually faced with sods, sometimes with brick, or stones, standing out from a rampart, of which it is a principal part; formerly called a bulwark. Bastions are solid or hollow. A flat bastion is made in the middle of the curtain, when it is too long to be defended by the bastions in its extremes. A cut bastion has its point cut off and instead of it a re-entering angle, or an angle inwards, with two points outward. A composed bastion has two sides of the interior polygon unequal, which makes the gorges unequal. A demibastion is composed of one face only, which makes the gorges unequal. A demibastion is composed of one face only, with one flank and a demigorge. A double bastion is one raised on the plane of another.

Basto

BAS'TO, noun The ace of clubs at quadrille.

Baston

BAS'TON, or BATOON', noun In architecture, a round molding in the base of a column; called also a tore, [torus.]

Bat

BAT, noun

1. A heavy stick or club; a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other.

2. bat or bate, a small copper coin of Germany, with a small mixture of silver, worth four crutzers. Also a coin of Switzerland, worth five livres.

3. A term given by miners to shale or bituminous shale.

BAT, verb intransitive To manage a bat or play with one.

BAT, noun [I have not found this word in any European language, except in English.]

A race of quadrupeds, technically called Vespertilio, of the order primates, in Linne's system. The fore feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expanded into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. The species are numerous. Of these, the vampire or Ternate bat inhabits Africa and the Oriental Isles. These animals fly in flocks from isle to isle, obscuring the sun by their numbers. Their wings when extended measure five or six feet. They live on fruits; but are said sometimes to draw blood from persons when asleep. The bats of the northern latitudes are small; they are viviparous and suckle their young. Their skin resembles that of a mouse. They enter houses in pleasant summer evenings, feed upon moths, flies, flesh, and oily substances, and are torpid during the winter.

Batable

BA'TABLE, adjective [See Bate and Debate.] Disputable. The land between England and Scotland, which, when the kingdoms were distinct, was

a subject of contention, was called batable ground.

Batatas

BATA'TAS, noun A species of tick or mite, found on the potatoes of Surinam. Also the Peruvian name of the sweet potatoe.

Batavian

BATA'VIAN, adjective [from Batavi, the people who inhabited the isle.]

Pertaining to the isle of Betaw in Holland, between the Rhine and the Waal. But more generally, the word denotes what appertains to Holland in general.

BATA'VIAN, noun A native of Betaw, or of the Low Countries.

Batch

BATCH, noun [from bake.]

1. The quantity of bread baked at one time; a baking of bread.

2. Any quantity of a thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities.

Bate

BATE, noun [It is probably from the root of beat. See Debate.]

Strife; contention; retained in make-bate.

BATE, verb transitive [The literal sense is, to beat, strike, thrust; to force down. See Beat.]

To lessen by retrenching, deducting or reducing; as, to bate the wages of the laborer; to bate good cheer. [We now use abate.]

BATE, verb intransitive To grow or become less; to remit or retrench a part; with of.

Abate thy speed and I will bate of mine.

Spenser uses bate in the sense of sinking, driving in, penetrating; a sense regularly deducible from that of beat, to thrust.

Yet there the steel staid not, but inly bate

Deep in the flesh, and open'd wide a red flood gate.

Bate-Breeding

BATE-BREEDING, adjective Breeding strife. [Not used.]

Bateau

BATEAU, noun batto'. [Latin batillum.] A light boat, long in proportion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the ends.

Bateful

BA'TEFUL, adjective Contentious; given to strife; exciting contention.

Bateless

BA'TELESS, adjective Not to be abated.

Batement

BA'TEMENT, noun Abatement; deduction; diminution. [Bate, with its derivatives, is, I believe, little used, or wholly obsolete in the United States.]

Batenists

BAT'ENITES, BAT'ENISTS, or BATE'NIANS, noun A sect of apostates from Mohammedism, who professed the abominable practices of the Ismaelians and Kirmatians. The word signified esoteric, or persons of inward light. [See Assassins.]

Batenites

BAT'ENITES, BAT'ENISTS, or BATE'NIANS, noun A sect of apostates from Mohammedism, who professed the abominable practices of the Ismaelians and Kirmatians. The word signified esoteric, or persons of inward light. [See Assassins.]

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Batfowler

BAT'FOWLER, noun One who practices, or is pleased with bat-fowling.

Batfowling

BAT'FOWLING, noun A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. The birds flying to the light are caught with nets or otherwise.

Batful

BAT'FUL, adjective [See Batten.] Rich, fertile, as land. [Not in use.]

Bath

B'ATH, noun

1. A place for bathing; a convenient vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their bodies in. Baths are warm or tepid, hot or cold, more generally called warm and cold. They are also natural or artificial. Natural baths are those which consist of spring water, either hot or cold, which is often impregnated with iron, and called chalybeate, or with sulphur, carbonic acid, and other mineral qualities. These waters are often very efficacious in scorbutic, bilious, dyspeptic and other complaints.

2. A place in which heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance. Thus,

A dry bath is made of hot sand, ashes, salt, or other matter, for the purpose of applying heat to a body immersed in them.

A vapor bath is formed by filling an apartment with hot steam or vapor, in which the body sweats copiously, as in Russia; or the term is used for the application of hot steam to a diseased part of the body.

A metalline bath is water impregnated with iron or other metallic substance, and applied to a diseased part.

In chimistry, a wet bath is formed by hot water in which is placed a vessel containing the matter which requires a softer heat than the naked fire.

In medicine, the animal bath is made by wrapping the part affected in a warm skin just taken from an animal.

3. A house for bathing. In some eastern countries, baths are very magnificent edifices.

4. A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and four pints, as a measure for liquids; and three pecks and three pints, as a dry measure.

Bath-Room

B'ATH-ROOM, noun An apartment for bathing.

Bathe

BATHE, verb transitive

1. To wash the body, or some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath; it often differs from ordinary washing in a longer application of water, to the body or to a particular part, as for the purpose of cleansing or stimulating the skin.

2. To wash or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or for cleansing, as a wound.

3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid; as, to bathe in tears or blood.

BATHE, verb intransitive To be or lie in a bath; to be in water, or in other liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid, as in a bath; as, to bathe in fiery floods.

Bathed

BA'THED, participle passive Washed as in a bath; moistened with a liquid; bedewed.

Bather

BA'THER, noun One who bathes; one who immerses himself in water, or who applies a liquid to himself or to another.

Bathing

BA'THING, participle present tense Washing by immersion, or by applying a liquid; moistening; fomenting.

BA'THING, noun The act of bathing or washing the body in water.

Bathing-Tub

BA'THING-TUB, noun A vessel for bathing, usually made either of wood or tin. In the Royal Library at Paris, I saw a bathing-tub of porphyry, of beautiful form and exquisite workmanship.

Bathos

BA'THOS, noun The art of sinking in poetry.

Bating

BA'TING, participle present tense [from bate.] Abating; taking away; deducting; excepting.

Children have few ideas, bating some faint ideas of hunger and thirst.

Batinist

BAT'INIST. [See Batenites.]

Batist

BAT'IST, noun A fine linen cloth made in Flanders and Picardy, of three different kinds or thicknesses.

Batlet

BAT'LET, noun [from bat.] A small bat, or square piece of wood with a handle, for beating linen when taken out of the buck.

Batman

BAT'MAN, noun A weight used in Smyrna, of six okes, each of 400 drams; equal to 16 lbs.6 ox. 15 dr. English.

Baton

BATOON' or BAT'ON, noun A staff or club; a marshal's staff; a truncheon; a badge of military honors.

Batoon

BATOON' or BAT'ON, noun A staff or club; a marshal's staff; a truncheon; a badge of military honors.

Batrachite

BAT'RACHITE, noun [Gr.a frog.] A fossil or stone in color resembling a frog.

Batrachomyomachy

BAT'RACHOMYOM'ACHY, noun [Gr.a frog, a mouse, and a battle.]

The battle between the frogs and mice; a burlesque poem ascribed to Homer.

Batracian

BATRA'CIAN, adjective [Gr.a frog.] Pertaining to frogs; an epithet designating an order of animals, including frogs, toads and similar animals.

BATRA'CIAN, noun An animal of the order above mentioned.

Battable

BAT'TABLE, adjective Capable of cultivation. [Not in use.]

Battailant

BAT'TAILANT, noun [See Battle.] A combatant. [Not used.]

Battailous

BAT'TAILOUS, adjective [See Battle.] Warlike; having the form or appearance of an army arrayed for battle; ; marshaled, as for an attack.

Battalia

BATTAL'IA, noun [See Battle.]

1. The order of battle; troops arrayed in their proper brigades, regiments, battalions, etc., for action.

2. The main body of any army in array, distinguished from the wings.

Battalion

BATTAL'ION, noun [See Battle.] A body of infantry, consisting of from 500 to 800 men; so called from being originally a body of men arrayed for battle. A battalion is generally a body of troops next below a regiment. Sometimes a battalion composed a regiment; more generally a regiment consists of two or more battalions. Shakespeare used the word for and army.

Battalioned

BATTAL'IONED, adjective Formed into battalions.

Battel

BAT'TEL, noun [See Battle.] In law, wager of battle, a species of trial for the decision of causes between parties. This species of trial is of high antiquity, among the rude military people of Europe. It was introduced into England, by William, the Norman Conqueror, and used in three cases only; in the court martial, or court of chivalry or honor; ; in appeals of felony; and in issues joined upon a writ of right. The contest was had before the judges, on a piece of ground inclosed, and the combatants were bound to fight till the stars appeared, unless the death of one party or victory sooner decided the contest. It is no longer is use.

BATTEL, verb intransitive To grow fat. [Not in use.] [See batten.]

1. To stand indebted in the college books at Oxford, for provisions and drink, from the buttery. Hence a batteler answers to a sizer at Cambridge.

BAT'TEL, noun An account of the expenses of a student at Oxford.

BAT'TEL, adjective [See Batten.] Fertile; fruitful. [Not used.]

Batteler

BAT'TELER

BAT'TEMENT, noun A beating; striking; ; impulse. [Not in use.]

Battement

BAT'TEMENT, n. A beating; striking;; impulse. [Not in use.]

Batten

BAT'TEN, verb transitive bat'n. [See Fat.]

1. To fatten; to make fat; to make plump by plenteous feeding.

2. To fertilize or enrich land.

BAT'TEN, verb intransitive To grow or become fat; to live in luxury, or to grow fat in ease and luxury.

The pampered monarch battening in ease.

BAT'TEN, noun A piece of board or scantling, of a few inches in breadth, used in making doors and windows. It is not as broad as a panel.

BAT'TEN, verb transitive To form with battens.

Batter

BAT'TER, verb transitive [Latin batuo, to beat. See Beat.]

1. To beat with successive blows; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or demolish; , as, to batter a wall.

2. To wear or impair with beating; as a battered pavement; a battered jade.

3. To attack with a battering ram.

4. To attack with heavy artillery, for the purpose of making a breach in a wall or rampart.

BAT'TER, verb intransitive To swell, bulge or stand out, as a timber or side of a wall from its foundation.

BAT'TER, noun [from beat or batter ] A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, eggs, salt, etc., beaten together with some liquor, used in cookery.

Battered

BAT'TERED, participle passive Beaten; bruised, broken, impaired by beating or wearing.

Batterer

BAT'TERER, noun One who batters or beats.

Battering

BAT'TERING, participle present tense Beating; dashing against; bruising or demolishing by beating.

Battering-Ram

BAT'TERING-RAM, noun In antiquity, a military engine used to beat down the walls of besieged places. It was a large beam, with a head of iron somewhat resembling the head of a ram, whence its name. It was suspended by ropes in the middle to a beam which was supported by posts, and balanced so as to swing backwards and forwards, and was impelled by men against the wall. It was sometimes mounted on wheels.

Battery

BAT'TERY, noun [See Beat.]

1. The act of battering, or beating.

2. The instrument of battering.

3. In the military art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners and others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with the guns employed. Thus, to erect a battery is to form the parapet and mount the guns. The term is applied also to a number of guns ranged in order for battering, and to mortars used for a like purpose.

Cross batteries are two batteries which play athwart each other, forming an angle upon the object battered.

Battery d'enfilade, is one which scours or sweeps the whole line or length.

Battery en echarpe, is that which plays obliquely.

Battery de revers, is that which plays upon the enemy's back.

Camerade battery is when several guns play at the same time upon one place.

4. In law, the unlawful beating of another. The least violence or the touching of another in anger is a battery

5. In electrical apparatus and experiments, a number of coated jars placed in such a manner, that they may be charged at the same time, and discharged in the same manner. This is called an electrical battery

6. Galvanic battery a pile or series of plates of copper and zink, or of any substances suspectable of galvanic action.

Batting

BAT'TING, noun The management of a bat play.

Battish

BAT'TISH, adjective [from bat, an animal.] Resembling a bat; as a battish humor.

Battle

BAT'TLE, noun [See Beat.] Owen supposes the Welsh batel, to be from tel, tight, stretched, compact, and the word primarily to have expressed the drawing of the bow. This is probably an error. The first battles of men were with clubs, or some weapons used in beating, striking. Hence the club of Hercules. And although the moderns use different weapons, still a battle is some mode of beating or striking.]

1. A fight, or encounter between enemies, or opposing armies; an engagement. It is usually applied to armies or large bodies of men; but in popular language, the word is applied to an encounter between small bodies, between individuals, or inferior animals. It is also more generally applied to the encounters of land forces than of ships; the encounters of the latter being called engagements. But battle is applicable to any combat of enemies.

2. A body of forces, or division of an army.

The main body, as distinct from the van and rear.

To give battle is to attack an enemy; to join battle is properly to meet the attack; but perhaps this distinction is not always observed.

A pitched battle is one in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.

To turn the battle to the gate, is to fight valiantly, and drive the enemy, who hath entered the city, back to the gate. Isaiah 28:6.

BAT'TLE, verb intransitive To join in battle; to contend in fight; sometimes with it; as, to battle it.

BAT'TLE, verb transitive To cover with armed force.

Battle-Array

BATTLE-ARRA'Y, noun [battle and array.] Array or order of battle; the disposition of forces preparatory to a battle.

Battle-Ax

BAT'TLE-AX

BAT'TLE-AXE, noun An ax anciently used as a weapon of war. It has been used till of late years by the highlanders in Scotland; and is still used by the city guards in Edinburg, in quelling mobs, etc.

Battle-Axe

BAT'TLE-AXE, n. An ax anciently used as a weapon of war. It has been used till of late years by the highlanders in Scotland; and is still used by the city guards in Edinburg, in quelling mobs, &c.

Battle-Door

BAT'TLE-DOOR, noun bat'tl-dore. An instrument of play, with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to strike a ball or shuttle-cock; a racket.

1. A child's horn book. [Not in use in U.S.]

Battlement

BAT'TLEMENT, noun [This is said to have been bastillement, from bastille, a fortification.]

A wall raised on a building with openings or embrasures, or the

embrasure itself.

Battlemented

BAT'TLEMENTED, adjective Secured by battlements.

Battler

BAT'TLER, noun A student at Oxford.

Battling

BAT'TLING, noun Conflict.

Battologist

BATTOL'OGIST, noun [See Battology.] One that repeats the same thing in speaking or writing. [Little used.]

Battologize

BATTOL'OGIZE, verb transitive To repeat needlessly the same thing. [Little used.]

Battology

BATTOL'OGY, noun [Gr. from Barros, a garrulous person, and discourse.]

A needless repetition of woods in speaking.

Batton

BAT'TON, noun [from bat.] In commerce, pieces of wood or deal for flooring, or other purposes.

Battory

BAT'TORY, noun Among the Hans-Towns, a factory or magazine which the merchants have in foreign countries.

Battulate

BAT'TULATE, verb transitive To interdict commerce. [A word used by the Levant company.]

Battulation

BATTULA'TION, noun A prohibition of commerce.

Batty

BAT'TY, adjective [from bat, an animal.] Belonging to a bat.

Batz

BATZ, noun A small copper coin with a mixture of silver, current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland.

Baubee

BAUBEE', noun In Scotland the North of England, a half penny.

Bauge

BAUGE, noun A drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with thread spun thick, and of coarse wool.

Baulk

BAULK [See Balk.]

Bavaroy

BAV'AROY, noun A king of cloke or surtout.

Bavin

BAV'IN, noun A stick like those bound up in faggots; a piece of waste wood. In war, brush, faggots.

Bawble

BAW'BLE, noun [ According to Spelman, baubella are gems or jewels.]

A trifling piece of finery; a gew-gaw; that which is gay or showy without real value.

Bawbling

BAWB'LING, adjective Trifling; contemptible.

Bawcock

BAW'COCK, noun A fine fellow.

Bawd

BAWD, noun [Gr., a procurer or procuress.]

A procurer or procuress. A person who keeps a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. [Usually applied to females.]

BAWD, verb intransitive To procure; to provide women for lewd purposes.

1. To foul or dirty. [Not in use.]

BAWD'-BORN, adjective Descended from a bawd

Bawdily

BAWD'ILY, adverb Obscenely; lewdly.

Bawdiness

BAWD'INESS, noun Obscenity; lewdness.

Bawdrick

BAWD'RICK, noun [See Baldrick.] A belt.

Bawdry

BAWD'RY, noun [See Bawd.] The abominable practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.

1. Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.

Bawdy

BAWD'Y, adjective Obscene; filthy, unchaste; applied to language.

Bawdy-House

BAWD'Y-HOUSE, adjective A house of lewdness and prostitution.

Bawl

BAWL, verb intransitive [Latin balo, to bleat; Heb. the blast of a trumpet; to weep, to wail. These all coincide in elements with Latin pello, appello, Eng. peal, and the primary sense is the same.]

1. To cry out with a loud full sound; to hoot; to cry with vehemence, as in calling, or in pain or exultation.

2. To cry loud, as a child from pain or vexation.

BAWL, verb transitive To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier.

Bawled

BAWL'ED, participle passive Proclaimed by outcry.

Bawler

BAWLER, noun One who bawls.

Bawling

BAWL'ING, participle present tense Crying aloud.

BAWL'ING, noun The act of crying with a loud sound.

Bawn

BAWN, noun An inclosure with mud or stone walls for keeping cattle; a fortification. [Not used.]

Bawrel

BAW'REL, noun A kind of hawk.

Bawsin

BAW'SIN, noun A badger.

Baxterian

BAXTE'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Baxter, a celebrated English divine; as the baxterian scheme.

Bay

BAY, adjective [Latin badius. Blass Bd.] Red, or reddish, inclining to a chestnut color; applied to the color of horses. The shades of this color are called light bay dark bay dappled bay gilded bay chestnut bay In popular language, in England, all bay horses are called brown.

BAY, noun

1. An arm of the sea, extending into the land, not of any definite form, but smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. The name, however, is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve, as Hudson's bay Nor is the name restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but used for any recess or inlet between capes of head lands, as the bay of Biscay.

2. A pond-head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driving mill-wheels. [ I believe not used in U.S.]

3. In a barn, a place between the floor and the end of the building, or a low inclosed place, for depositing hay.

In England, says Johnson, if a barn consists of a floor and two heads, where they lay corn, they call it a barn of two bays. These bays are from 14 to 20 feet long, and floors from 10 to 12 feet broad, and usually 20 feet long, which is the breadth of the barn.

4. In ships of war, that part on each side between decks which lies between the bitts.

5. Any kind of opening in walls.

BAY, noun [Gr. a branch of the palm tree.]

1. The laurel tree, Hence,

2. Bays, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel.

The patriot's honors, and the poet's bays.

3. In some parts of the U.States, a tract of land covered with bay trees.

BAY, noun A state of expectation, watching or looking for; as, to keep a man at bay So a stag at bay is when he turns his head against the dogs. Whence abeyance, in law, or a state of expectancy.

BAY, verb intransitive

1. To bark, as a dog at his game.

2. To encompass, or inclose, from bay We now use embay.

BAY, verb transitive To bark at; to follow with barking.

Bay-Salt

BAY-SALT, is salt which crystallizes or receives its consistence from the heat of the sun or action of the air. It forms in pits or basins, and from this circumstance receives its denomination. It appears first in a slight incrustation upon the surface of the water in which salt is dissolved. This crust thickens and hardens, till the crystallization is perfected, which takes place, in eight, ten or fifteen days.

Bay-Window

BAY-WINDOW, noun A window jutting out from the wall, as in shops.

Bay-Yarn

BAY-YARN, noun A denomination sometimes used promiscuously with woolen yard.

Bayard

BA'YARD, noun [bay and ard, kind.]

1. A bay horse.

2. An unmannerly beholder.

Bayardly

BA'YARDLY, adjective Blind; stupid.

Bayed

BA'YED, adjective Having bays, as a building.

Bayonet

BA'YONET, noun A short pointed instrument of iron or broad dagger, formerly with a handle fitted to the bore of a gun, where it was inserted for use, after the soldier had fired; but now made with an iron handle and ring which go over the muzzle of the piece, so that the soldier fires with his bayonet fixed.

BA'YONET, verb transitive To stab with a bayonet

1. To compel or drive by the bayonet

Bays

BAYS, or BAYZE. [See Baize.]

Baza

BAZ'A , noun A long, fine spun cotton from Jerusalem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton.

Bazar

BAZ'AR, noun Among the Turks and Persians, an exchange, market-place, or place where goods are exposed to sale. Some bazars are open, others are covered with lofty ceilings or domes, pierced to give light. The bazar at Tauris will contain 30, 000 men.

Bazat

BAZ'AT

B'BARBACAN, noun

1. A fortification or outer defense to a city or castle, consisting of an elevation of earth about three feet high, along the foot of the rampart.

2. A fortress at the end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers.

3. An opening in the wall of a fortress through which guns are leveled and fired upon an enemy.

The French use the word also for an aperture in a wall to let in or drain off water; and the Spaniards, for a low wall round a church yard.

Bbarbarism

B'BARBARISM, noun [Latin Barbarisums. See Barbarian.]

1. An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language.

2. Ignorance of arts; want of learning.

3. Rudeness of manners; savagism; incivility; ferociousness; a savage state of society.

4. Brutality; cruelty; barbarity. [In this sense little used, being superseded by barbarity.]

Bdellium

BDEL'LIUM, noun [ Bochard and Parkhurst translate it, pearl. Genesis 2:12. But it is doubtful whether the bdellium of the scriptures is that now used.]

A gummy resinous juice, produced by a tree in the East Indies, of which we have no satisfactory account. It is brought from the E. Indies and from Arabia, in pieces of different sizes and figures, externally of a dark reddish brown, internally, clear and not unlike to glue. To the taste, it is slightly bitterish and pungent; its odor is agreeable. In the mouth, it becomes soft and sticks to the teeth; on a red hot iron, it readily catches flame and burns with a crackling noise. It is used as a perfume and a medicine, being a weak deobstruent.

Be

BE, verb intransitive substantive, participle present tense being; participle passive been.[The sense is to stand, remain or be fixed; hence to continue. This verb is defective, and its defects are supplied by verbs from other roots, as, is, was, were, which have no radical connection with be The case is the same with the substantive verb in most languages.]

1. To be fixed; to exist; to have a real state or existence, for a longer or shorter time.

Let this mind be in you, which was in Christ Jesus. Philippians 2:1.

To be contents his natural desire.

2. To be made to be; to become.

And they twain shall be one flesh. Math.19. Jeremiah 32:4.

3. To remain. Let the garment be as it was made.

4. To be present in a place. Where was I at the time? When will you be at my house?

5. To have a particular manner of being or happening; as, how is this affair? how was it? what were the circumstances?

This verb is used as an auxiliary in forming the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving them the passive form; as, he has been disturbed. It forms, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which often expresses duty, necessity or purpose; as, government is to be supported; we are to pay our just debts.

Let be is to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone.

Let be said he, my prey.

BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same word as by. It is common to the English, Saxon, Gothic, German, Dutch, Danish and Swedish languages. It occurs probably in the Russian, but is written po, as it is in possideo and a few other words in the Latin. It denotes nearness, closeness, about, or, at, from some root signifying to pass or to press. [See By.]

That this word is the Shemitic, used as a prefix, is certain, not only from its general applications, which may be seen by comparing the uses of the word, in the Heb. for instance, with those in the Saxon; but from its use in particular phrases, particularly in its use before the name of the Supreme being in swearing.

Beach

BEACH, noun The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is washed by the tide and waves; the strand. It may be sometimes used for the shore of large rivers.

Beached

BE'ACHED, adjective Exposed to the wares; washed by the tide and waves.

Beachy

BE'ACHY, adjective Having a beach or beaches.

Beacon

BE'ACON, noun beekn.

1. A signal erected on a long pole, upon an eminence, consisting of a pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at night, or to cause a smoke by day, to notify the approach of an enemy.

2. A light-house; a house erected on a point on land, or other place on the sea-coast, with lamps which burn at night, to direct navigators, and preserve vessels from running upon rocks, sand banks, or the shore. In general, a beacon may be any light or mark intended for direction and security against danger.

3. Figuratively, that which gives notice of danger.

Beaconage

BE'ACONAGE, noun Money paid for the maintenance of a beacon.

Bead

BEAD, noun

1. A little perforated ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn about the neck, for ornament. A string of beads is called a necklace. Beads are made of gold, pearl, amber, steel, garnet, coral, diamond, crystal, pastes, glasses, etc. The Romanists use strings of beads in rehearsing their prayers. Hence the phrase, to tell beads, and to be at one's beads, is to be at prayer.

2. Any small globular body; hence the glass globules, used in traffic with savages, and sold in strings, are called beads; also a bubble on spirit.

3. In architecture, a round molding, commonly made upon the edge of a piece of stuff, in the Corinthian and Roman orders, cut or carved in short embossments, like beads in necklaces.of beads, is a charge given by a priest to his parishioners, to repeat certain pater-nosters upon their beads for a departed soul.

Bead-Maker

BE'AD-MAKER, noun One who makes beads. In French, paternostrier is one who makes, strings, and sells beads. In Paris are three companies of paternostriers; one that works in glass or crystal; one, in wood and horn; a third, in amber, coral, etc.

Bead-Proof

BE'AD-PROOF, adjective Spirit is bead-proof when, after being shaken, a crown of bubbles will stand, for some time after, on the surface, manifesting a certain standard of strength.

Bead-Roll

BE'AD-ROLL, noun Among Catholics, a list or catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose souls, they are to repeat a certain number of prayers, which they count by their beads.

Bead-Tree

BE'AD-TREE, noun The azederach, a species of Melia, a native of the Indies, growing about 20 feet high, adorned with large pinnated or winged leaves, and clusters of pentapetalous flowers.

Beadle

BE'ADLE, noun

1. A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one who cites persons to appear and answer; called also an apparitor or summoner.

2. An officer in a university, whose chief business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a public procession; or as in America before the president, trustees, faculty and students of a college, in a procession, at public commencements.

3. A parish officer, whose business is to punish petty offenders.

Beadleship

BE'ADLESHIP, noun The office of a beadle.

Beads-Man

BE'ADS-MAN, noun A man employed in praying, generally in praying for another.

Beads-Woman

BE'ADS-WOMAN, noun A praying woman; a woman who resides in an alms-house.

Beagle

BE'AGLE, noun [Gr. a pygmy.]

A small hound, or hunting dog. Beagles are of different sorts; as the southern beagle shorter and less, but thicker, than the deep-mouthed hound; the fleet northern, or cat beagle smaller, and of a finer shape than the southern. From these species united, is bred a third, still preferable; and a smaller sort is letter larger than the lap-dog.

Beak

BEAK, noun [Eng. peak, pike, etc. The sense is, a shoot, or a point, from thrusting; and this word is connected with a numerous family. See Class Bg.]

1. The bill, or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny substance, either straight or curving, and ending in a point.

2. A pointed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a beak fastened to the end of ancient gallies; intended to pierce the vessels of an enemy. In modern ships, the beak-head is a name given to the forepart of a ship, whose forecastle is square, or oblong; a circumstance common to all ships of war, which have two or more tiers of guns.

BEAK or beak-head, that part of a ship, before the forecastle, which is fastened to the stem, and supported by the main knee.

3. In farriery, a little shoe, at the toe, about an inch long, turned up and fastened in upon the part of the hoof.

4. Any thing ending in a point, like a beak This in America is more generally pronounced peak.

BEAK, verb transitive Among cock fighters, to take hold with the beak

Beaked

BE'AKED, adjective Having a beak; ending in a point, like a beak.

Beaker

BE'AKER, noun A cup or glass.

Beakiron

BE'AKIRON, noun A bickern; an iron tool, ending in a point, used by blacksmiths.

Beal

BEAL, noun [See Boil] A pimple; a whelk; a small inflammatory tumor, a pustule.

BEAL verb intransitive To gather matter; to swell and come to a head, as a pimple.

Beam

BEAM, noun [We see by the Gothic, that the word belongs to Class Bg. It properly signifies the stock or stem of a tree; that is, the fixed, firm part.]

1. The largest, or a principal piece in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to support the principal rafters.

2. Any large piece of timber, long in proportion to its thickness, and squared, or hewed for use.

3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended; sometimes used for the whole apparatus for weighing.

4. The part on the head of a stag, which bears the antlers, royals and tops.

5. The pole of a carriage, which runs between the horses.

6. A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; and this name is given also to the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is wove.

7. The straight part or shank of an anchor.

8. In ships, a great main cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship from falling together. The beams support the decks and orlops. The main beam is next the mainmast.

9. The main piece of a plow, in which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn.

10. beam compass, an instrument consisting of a square wooden or brass beam having sliding sockets, that carry steel or pencil points; used for describing large circles, and in large projections for drawing the furniture on wall-dials.

On the beam in navigation, signified any distance from the ship, on a line with the beams, or at right angles with the keel.

Before the beam is an arch of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right angles, or the line of the beam and that point of the compass which she steers.

BEAM ends. A vessel is said to be on her beam ends, when she inclines so much on one side that her beams approach a vertical position.

BEAM-feathers, in falconry, the long feathers of a hawk's wing.

Beam-Bird

BE'AM-BIRD, noun In Yorkshire, England, the petty chaps, a species of Motacilla; called in Dorsetshire, the hay-bird.

The spotted fly-catcher, a species of Muscicapa.

Beam-Tree

BE'AM-TREE, noun A species of wild service.

The Crataegus Aria.

BEAM, noun A ray of light, emitted from the sun, or other luminous body.

BEAM, verb transitive To send forth; to emit.

BEAM, verb intransitive To emit rays of light, or beams; to shine.

He beam'd, the day star of the rising age.

Beaming

BE'AMING, participle present tense Emitting rays of light or beams.

BE'AMING, noun Radiation; the emission or darting of light in rays.

1. The issuing of intellectual light; dawn; prophetic intimation; first indication.

Beamless

BE'AMLESS, adjective Emitting no rays of light.