C – Calking-Iron

C

C, the third letter in the English alphabet, and the second articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corresponding in sound with the Greek x, kappa, and with the Hebrew, caph. It bears a middle place in pronunciation, between the aspirate, and the palatal. It is a Roman character, borrowed from the Gr.x, or from the oriental, which was used in languages written from right to left, and when inverted and the corners rounded, becomes c In the old Etruscan, it was written with the corners rounded, but not inverted; in Arcadian, c as now written. That its sound in Latin was the same, or nearly the same, as that of kappa, may be known from the fact, that the Greeks, while the Latin was a living language, wrote kappa for the Roman c Perhaps the same character may be the basis of the Arabic.

As an abbreviature, c stands for Caius, Carolus, Caesar, condemno, etc., and CC for consulibus. As a numeral c stands for 100; CC for 200; etc. In music, c after the cliff, is the mark of common time.

In English, c has two sounds, or rather it represents two very different articulations of the organs; one close, like K, which occurs before a, o and u; the other, a sibilant, precisely like s, which occurs before E, I and Y. The former is distinguished in this vocabulary by c which may be called ke. In Russ. c is precisely the English s, as it was in the old Greek alphabet.

Cab

CAB, noun An oriental dry measure, being the sixth part of a seah or satum, and the eighteenth of an ephah; containing two pints and five sixths English and American corn measure.

Cabal

CABAL, noun

1. A number of persons untied in some close design; usually to promote their private views in church or state by intrigue. A junto. It is sometimes synonymous with faction, but a cabal usually consists of fewer men than a party, and the word generally implies close union and secret intrigues. This name was given to the ministry of Charles II., Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the initials of whose names compose the word.

2. Intrigue; secret artifices of a few men united in a close design.

Cabala

CABALA, [See the preceding word. It is from the sense of reception.] Tradition, or a mysterious kind of science among Jewish Rabbins, pretended to have been delivered to the ancient Jews by revelation, and transmitted by oral tradition; serving for the interpretation of difficult passages of scripture. This science consists chiefly in understanding the combination of certain letters, words and numbers, which are alleged to be significant. Every letter, word, number and accent of the law is supposed to contain a mystery, and the cabalists pretend even to foretell future events by the study of this science.

CABAL, verb intransitive To unite in a small party to promote private views by intrigue; to intrigue; to unite in secret artifices to effect some design.

Cabalism

CABALISM, noun The secret science of the cabalists.

Cabalist

CABALIST, noun

1. A Jewish doctor who professes the study of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions.

2. In French commerce, a factor or agent.

Cabalistic

CABALISTIC

CABALISTICAL, adjective Pertaining to the cabala, or mysterious science of Jewish traditions; containing an occult meaning.

Cabalistical

CABALISTICAL, a. Pertaining to the cabala, or mysterious science of Jewish traditions; containing an occult meaning.

Cabalistically

CABALISTICALLY, adverb In the manner of the cabalists.

Cabalize

CABALIZE, verb intransitive To use the manner or language of the cabalists.

Caballer

CABALLER, noun One who unites with others in close designs to effect an object by intrigue; one who cabals.

Caballine

CABALLINE, adjective Pertaining to a horse; as caballine aloes, so called from its being given to horses as a purge.

Caballing

CABALLING, participle present tense Uniting in a cabal; intriguing in a small party.

Cabaret

CABARET, noun A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.

Cabbage

CABBAGE, noun A genus of plants, called in botany Brassica, of several species; some of which are cultivated for food. The leaves are large and fleshy, the pods long and slender, and the seeds globular. The kinds most cultivated are the common cabbage called with us the drum-head, the Savoy, the broccoli, the cauliflower, the sugar-loaf, and the cole-wort.

Dogs cabbage a name given to the Thelygonum cynocrambe. Fam. of Plants.

Sea-cabbage, noun The sea-beach kale, or sea-colewort, a genus of plants, called crambe. They are herbaceous esculents, with perennial roots, producing large leaves like those of cabbage spreading on the ground.

CABBAGE, verb intransitive To form a head in growing; as a plant cabbages.

CABBAGE, verb transitive To, purloin or embezzle, as pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment.

Cabbage-Net

CABBAGE-NET, noun A small net to boil cabbage in.

Cabbage-Tree

CABBAGE-TREE, noun The cabbage-palm, a species of Areca, the oleracea, a native of warm climates. This tree grows with a straight stem to the height of 170 or 200 feet. Its branches grow in a circular manner, and the lowermost ones spread horizontally with great regularity. The fibers of the leaves are used for making cordage and nets. On the top grows a substance called cabbage, lying in thin, snow-white, brittle flakes, in taste resembling an almond, but sweeter. This is boiled and eaten with flesh, like other vegetables. When this is cut out, the tree is destroyed.

Cabbage-Worm

CABBAGE-WORM, noun An insect.

Cabiai

CABIAI, noun An animal of South America resembling a hog, living on the margins of lakes and rivers, and feeding on fish. It is a species of Cavy, called also thick-nosed tapir.

Cabin

CABIN, noun

1. A small room; an inclosed place.

2. A cottage; a hut, or small house.

3. A tent; a shed; any covered place for a temporary residence.

4. An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers. In large ships there are several cabins, the principal of which is occupied by the commander. In small vessels, there is one cabin in the stern for the accommodation of the officers and passengers. The bed-places in ships are also called cabins.

CABIN, verb intransitive To live in a cabin; to lodge.

CABIN, verb transitive To confine in a cabin

Cabin-Boy

CABIN-BOY, noun A boy whose duty is to wait on the officers and passengers on board of a ship.

Cabin-Mate

CABIN-MATE, noun One who occupies the same cabin with another.

Cabined

CABINED, participle passive Inclosed; covered.

Cabinet

CABINET, noun

1. A closet; a small room, or retired apartment.

2. A private room, in which consultations are held.

3. The select or secret council of a prince or executive government; so called from the apartment in which it was originally held.

4. A piece of furniture, consisting of a chest or box, with drawers and doors. A private box.

5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for safe keeping.

6. A hut; a cottage; a small house.

CABINET, verb transitive To inclose.

Cabinet-Council

CABINET-COUNCIL, noun

1. A council held with privacy; the confidential council of a prince or executive magistrate.

2. The members of a privy council; a select number of confidential counselors.

Cabinet-Maker

CABINET-MAKER, noun A man whose occupation is to make cabinets, tables, bureaus, bed-steads, and other similar furniture.

Cabineted

CABINETED, participle passive Inclosed in a private apartment, or in a cabinet.

Cabirean

CABIREAN, noun One of the Cabiri.

Cabirian

CABIRIAN,

CABIRIC,

CABIRITIC, adjective Pertaining to the Cabiri, certain deities greatly venerated by the ancient Pagans, in Greece and Phenicia. The accounts of these deities are confused and contradictory. Some authors limit their number to four; some to three; others to two; while Sanchoniathon makes them to be eight. They were worshiped with particular honors in the isle of Samothrace; and their worship and mysteries are said to have been introduced into Greece by the Pelasgians. They were supposed to have a particular influence over the sea and maritime affairs.

In truth, the name which signifies great, or the mighty ones, seems to have been applied to the supposed beings that presided over the more striking operations of nature. Herod. ii.51. Paus. ix.25

Cable

CABLE, noun cabl. A large strong rope or chain, used to retain a vessel at anchor. It is made usually of hemp or iron, but may be made of other materials. Cables are of different sizes, according to the bulk of the vessel for which they are intended, from three to twenty inches in circumference. A cable is composed of three strands; each strand of three ropes; and each rope of three twists. A ships cable is usually 120 fathom, or 720 feet, in length. Hence the expression, a cables length.

Stream cable is a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas.

To pay out, or to veer out the cable is to slacken it that it may run out of the ship.

To serve the cable is to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being worn or galled in the hawse.

To slip the cable is to let it run out end for end.

Cable-Tier

CABLE-TIER, noun The place where the cables are coiled away.

Cabled

CABLED, adjective Fastened with a cable.

Cablet

CABLET, noun A little cable.

Caboched

CABOCHED,

CABOOSE, noun

1. The cook-room or kitchen of a ship. In smaller vessels, it is an inclosed fire-place, hearth or stove for cooking, on the main deck. In a ship of war, the cook room is called a galley.

2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship.

Caboose

CABOOSE, n. 1. The cook-room or kitchen of a ship. In smaller vessels, it is an inclosed fire-place, hearth or stove for cooking, on the main deck. In a ship of war, the cook room is called a galley.2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship.

Cabos

CABOS, noun A species of eel-pout, about two feet long, whose flesh is well tasted.

Caboshed

CABOSHED, noun In heraldry, having the head cut close, so as to have no neck left.

Cabriole

CABRIOLE,

CABRIOLET, noun A gig; a one horse chair, a light carriage.

Cabriolet

CABRIOLET, n. A gig; a one horse chair, a light carriage.

Cabure

CABURE, noun A Brazilian bird of the owl kind, of the size of a thrush, of a beautiful umber color, spotted with white.

Caburns

CABURNS, noun Small lines made of spun yarn, to bind cables, seize tackles, and the like.

Cacao

CACAO or COCOA, noun The chocolate-tree, a species of the Theobroma, a native of the West Indies. This tree grows about twenty feet high, bearing pods which are oval and pointed. The nuts or seeds are numerous, and lodged in a white pithy substance.

Caccoons

CACCOONS, noun A plant called in botany Flevillea.

Cachalot

CACHALOT, noun A cetaceous fish, the physeter or spermaceti whale. The principal species are, the black headed with a dorsal fin, and the round-headed with a dorsal fin, and the round-headed, with out a fin on the back, and with a fistula in the snout. From this whale is obtained the spermaceti.

Cachectic

CACHECTIC,

CACHECTICAL, adjective [See Cachexy.] Having an ill habit of body; of a deranged or vitiated state of the body without fever.

Cachectical

CACHECTICAL, a. [See Cachery.] Having an ill habit of body; of a deranged or vitiated state of the body without fever.

Cachexy

CACHEXY, noun A vicious state of the powers of the body; a deranged state of the constitution, without fever or nervous disease.

Cachinnation

CACHINNATION, noun A variety of chalcedony, which is a subspecies of quartz, usually milk white, some times grayish or yellowish white; opake or slightly translucent at the edges. Its fracture is even, or conchoidal with large cavities, sometimes dull, sometimes pearly or glossy. It often envelops common chalcedony; the two minerals being united by insensible shades. It also associates with flint and semi-opal.

Cack

CACK, verb intransitive To ease the body by stool.

Cackerel

CACKEREL, noun A fish which is said to void excrements when pursued. Others say, a fish which eaten produces lax bowels.

Cackle

CACKLE, verb intransitive

1. To make a particular noise, as a goose or a hen.

2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling o a goose; to giggle, which is a word from the same root.

3. To prate; to prattle; to tattle; to talk in a silly manner.

CACKLE, noun

1. The broken noise of a goose or hen.

2. Idle talk; silly prattle.

Cackler

CACKLER, noun

1. A fowl that cackles.

2. A tell-tale; a tattler.

Cackling

CACKLING, participle present tense Making the noise of a goose or hen.

CACKLING, noun The broken noise of a goose or hen. Rome was saved by the cackling of a goose.

Cacochymic

CACOCHYMIC,

CACOCHYMICAL, adjective [See Cacochymy.] Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.

Cacochymical

CACOCHYMICAL, a. [See Cacochymy.] Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.

Cacochymy

CACOCHYMY, noun A vicious state of the vital humors, especially of the blood, arising from a disorder of the secretions or excretions, or from contagion.

Cacodemon

CACODEMON, noun An evil spirit.

Cacoethes

CACOETHES, noun

1. A bad custom or habit; a bad disposition.

2. In medicine, an incurable ulcer.

Cacophony

CACOPHONY, noun

1. In rhetoric, an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables.

2. In medicine, a depraved voice; an altered state of the voice.

3. In music, a combination of discordant sounds.

Cadaver

CADAVER, noun A corpse.

Cadaverous

CADAVEROUS, adjective

1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; wan; ghastly; as a cadaverous look.

2. Having the qualities of a dead body.

Caddis

CADDIS, noun

1. A kind of tape or ribin.

2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw.

Caddow

CADDOW, noun A chough; a jack daw.

Caddy

CADDY, noun A small box for keeping tea.

Cade

CADE, adjective Tame; bred by hand; domesticated; as a cade lamb.

CADE, verb transitive To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to tame.

CADE, noun A barrel or cask. A cade of herrings is the quantity of five hundred; of sprats, a thousand.

Cade-Oil

CADE-OIL, noun In the materia medica, an oil used in Germany and France, made of the fruit of the oxycedrus, called in those countries, cada.

Cade-Worm

CADE-WORM, noun The same as caddis.

Cadence

CADENCE,

CADENCED, participle passive or adjective Having a particular cadence; as well cadenced music.

Cadency

CADENCY, noun

1. A fall, a decline; a state of sinking.

2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, as at the end of a sentence; also, the falling of the voice in the general modulation of tones in reciting. In reading or speaking, a certain tone is taken, which is called the key, or key-note, on which mot of the words are pronounced, and the fall of the voice below this tone is called cadence.

The ordinary cadence is a fall of the last syllable of a sentence only.

3. The general tone of reading verse. The cadence of one line must be a rule to that of the next; as the sound of the former must slide gently into that which follows.

4. Tone; sound; as, hoarse cadence.

5. In music, repose; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose or on a perfect chord.

Also, the manner of closing a song; embellishment at the close.

6. In horsemanship, an equal measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his motions.

7. In heraldry, the distinction of families.

CADENCE, verb transitive To regulate by musical measure.

Cadene

CADENE, noun A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant.

Cadent

CADENT, noun Falling down; sinking.

Cadenza

CADENZA, noun The fall or modulation of the voice in singing.

Cadet

CADET, noun

1. The younger or youngest son.

2. A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a private mane, with a view to acquire military skill, and obtain a commission. His service is voluntary, but he receives pay, and thus is distinguished from a volunteer.

3. A young man, in a military school.

Cadew

CADEW, noun A straw worm. [See Caddis.]

Cadge

CADGE, verb transitive To carry a burden.

Cadger

CADGER, noun One who brings butter, eggs and poultry to the market, from the country; a huckster.

Cadi

CADI, noun In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs; usually the judge of a town or village, for the judge of a city or province is called Moula.

Cadillac

CADILLAC, noun A sort of pear.

Cadmean

CADMEAN,

CADMIA, noun An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides of furnaces where zink is sublimed, as in brass founderies. This substance is readily volatilized on charcoal, by the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, and it burns with the usual beautiful combustion of zink. Pulverized, mixed with charcoal powder, wrapped in sheet copper, and heated with the compound blowpipe, it readily forms brass.

Cadmian

CADMIAN, adjective Relating to Cadmus, a reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece, sixteen simple letters of the alphabet. These are called Cadmean letters.

This personage may be a fabulous being, or if such a person ever existed, he may have been named from his knowledge of letters, for in the ancient Persian, Kadeem signified language; Ir. Cuadham, to tell or relate; ceadach, talkative; ceadal, a story. Or he may have been name from his eminence or antiquity, kadam, to precede; Arabic, to excel; whence the sense of priority and antiquity; or his name may denote a man from the East.

Cadmium

CADMIUM, noun A metal discovered by M. Stromeyer, in 1817, in carbonate of zink, at Hanover. Its color is a fine white, with a shade of bluish gray, resembling that of tin. Its texture is compact, its fracture hackly, and it is susceptible of polish. It is ductile and malleable, and when fused, crystalizes in octahedrons. It melts below a red heat, and suffers no change in air.

Caduceus

CADUCEUS, noun In antiquity, Mercurys rod; a wand entwisted by two serpents, borne by Mercury as an ensign of quality and office. On medals, the caduceus is a symbol of good conduct, peace and prosperity. The rod represents power; the serpents, wisdom; and the two wings, diligence and activity.

Caducity

CADUCITY, noun Tendency to fall.

Caducous

CADUCOUS, adjective In botany, falling early; as caducous leaves, which fall before the end of summer. A caducous calyx falls before the corol is well unfolded.

Caecias

CAECIAS, noun A wind from the northeast.

Caer

CAR, CAER CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the Celtic caer a town or city, as in Caermarthen.

Caesarian

CAESARIAN. [See Cesarian.]

Caesura

CAESURA. [See Cesura.]

CAFFEIN, noun A substance obtained from an infusion of unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin.

Caftan

CAFTAN, noun A Persian or Turkish vest or garment.

GAG, noun A small cask, or barrel, differing from the barrel only in size, and containing a few gallons, but not of any definite capacity. It is generally written Keg.

Cage

CAGE, verb transitive To confine in a cage; to shut up, or confine.

Cagit

CAGIT, noun A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles.

Cagui

CAGUI, noun A monkey of Brazil, of two species, one of them called the pongi, the other not more than six inches long. They are called also jacchus and oedipus.

Caic

CAIC or CAIQUE, noun A skiff belonging to a galley.

Caiman

CAIMAN. [See Cayman.]

Caique

CAIC or CAIQUE noun A skiff belonging to a galley.

Cairn

CAIRN, noun A heap of stones.

Caisson

CAISSON, or CAISSOON, n. 1. A wooden chest into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gunpowder, to be laid in the way of an enemy, or under some work of which the enemy intend to possess themselves, and to be fired when they get possession.2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of the pier of a bridge.3. An ammunition chest, or waggon.

Caissoon

CAISSON, or CAISSOON noun

1. A wooden chest into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gunpowder, to be laid in the way of an enemy, or under some work of which the enemy intend to possess themselves, and to be fired when they get possession.

2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of the pier of a bridge.

3. An ammunition chest, or waggon.

Caitif

CAITIF, noun A mean villain; a despicable knave; it implies a mixture of wickedness and misery.

Cajeput

CAJEPUT, noun An oil from the East Indies, resembling that of cardamoms, obtained from the Melaleuca leucodendron.

Cajole

CAJOLE, verb transitive To flatter; to soothe; to coax; to deceive or delude by flattery.

Cajoler

CAJOLER, noun A flatterer; a wheedler.

Cajolery

CAJOLERY, noun Flattery; a wheedling to delude.

Cajoling

CAJOLING, participle present tense Flattering; wheedling; deceiving.

Cajota

CAJOTA, noun A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a dog.

Cake

CAKE, noun

1. A small mass of dough baked; or a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, baked in a small mass. The name is applied to various compositions, baked or cooked in different shapes.

2. Something in the form of a cake rather flat than high, but roundish; as a cake on a tree.

3. A mass of matter concreted; as a cake of ice.

In New England, a piece of floating ice in a river or lake.

4. A hard swelling on the flesh; or rather a concretion without such swelling.

CAKE, verb transitive To form into a cake or mass.

CAKE, verb intransitive To concrete, or form into a had mass, as dough in an oven, or as flesh or any other substance.

CAKE, verb intransitive To cackle.

Calabash

CALABASH, noun

1. A vessel made of a dried gourd-shell or of the shell of a calabash tree, used for containing liquors, or goods, as pitch, rosin and the like.

2. A popular name of the gourd-plant, or Cucurbita.

Calabash-Tree

CALABASH-TREE, noun A tree of two species, known in botany by the generic name Crescentia. The cujete has narrow leaves, but a large round or oval fruit. The latifolia has broad leaves. The shell of the fruit is used for cups, bowls, dishes and other utensils.

Calade

CALADE, noun The slope or declivity of a rising manege-ground.

Calaite

CALAITE, noun A name given to the turquois; which see.

Calamanco

CALAMANCO, noun A woolen stuff, of a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp.

Calamar

CALAMAR, noun An animal, having an oblong body and ten legs. On the belly are two bladders containing a black fluid, which the animal emits when pursued. It is called also sea-sleeve and cuttle-fish.

Calambac

CALAMBAC, noun Aloes-wood, xyloe-aloes, a drug, which is the product of a tree growing in China and some of the Indian isles. It is of a light spungy texture, very porous, and the pores so filled with a soft fragrant resin, that it may be indented by the fingers and chewed like mastich. It is also called tambac. The two coarser kinds are called lignum aloes, and calambour.

Calambour

CALAMBOUR, noun A species of the aloes-wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac. This wood is used by cabinet-makers and inlayers.

Calamiferous

CALAMIFEROUS, adjective Producing plants having a long, hollow, knotted stem.

Calamin

CALAMINE, or calamin noun Lapis calaminaris, or cadmia fossilis; an ore of zink, much used in the composition of brass. This term is applied both to the siliceous oxyd and the native carbonate of zink. They an scarcely be distinguished by their external characters. They are generally compact, often stalactitic, and sometimes crystalized. Most of the calamines of England and Scotland are said to be carbonates.

Calamine

CALAMINE, or CALAMIN, noun Lapis calaminaris, or cadmia fossilis; an ore of zink, much used in the composition of brass. This term is applied both to the siliceous oxyd and the native carbonate of zink. They an scarcely be distinguished by their external characters. They are generally compact, often stalactitic, and sometimes crystalized. Most of the calamines of England and Scotland are said to be carbonates.

Calamint

CALAMINT, noun A plant, a species of Melissa, or baum, an aromatic plant, and a weak corroborant.

Water-calamint is a species of Mentha, or mint.

Calamistrate

CALAMISTRATE, verb transitive To curl or frizzle the hair.

Calamistration

CALAMISTRATION, noun The act of curling the hair.

Calamit

CALAMIT, noun A mineral, probably a variety of Tremolite. It occurs in imperfect or rounded prismatic crystals, longitudinally striated, and sometimes resembling a reed. Its structure is foliated; its luster vitreous, and more or less shining.

Calamitous

CALAMITOUS, adjective

1. Very miserable; involved in deep distress; oppressed with infelicity; wretched from misfortune; applied to men.

2. Producing distress and misery; making wretched; applied to external circumstances; as a calamitous event.

3. Full of misery; distressful; wretched; applied to state or condition.

Calamitously

CALAMITOUSLY, adverb In a manner to bring great distress.

Calamitousness

CALAMITOUSNESS, noun Deep distress; wretchedness; misery; the quality of producing misery.

Calamity

CALAMITY, noun Any great misfortune, or cause of misery; generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evils, as loss of crops, earthquakes, conflagrations, defeat of armies, and the like. But it is applied also to the misfortunes which bring great distress upon individuals.

The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.

Calamus

CALAMUS, noun

1. The generic name of the Indian cane, called also rotang. It is without branches, has a crown at the top, and is beset with spines.

2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk.

3. A rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parchment or papyrus.

4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. It is a knotty root, reddish without and white within, and filled with a spungy substance. It has an aromatic smell.

5. The sweet flag, called by Linne Acorus.

Calander

CALANDRE or CALENDER noun The French name of a species of insect of the beetle kind, very destructive in granaries.

Calandra

CALANDRA, noun A species of lark, with a thick bill, the upper part of the body of a reddish brown, spotted with black, with a body thicker than the sky-lark.

Calandre

CALANDRE or CALANDER, noun The French name of a species of insect of the beetle kind, very destructive in granaries.

Calangay

CALANGAY, noun A species of white parrot.

Calash

CALASH, noun

1. A light chariot or carriage with very low wheels, used for taking the air in parks and gardens. It is open, or covered with mantles of cloth, that are let down at pleasure.

2. A cover for the head sometimes used by ladies.

Calc-Sinter

CALC-SINTER, noun Stalactitic carbonate of lime.

Calc-Tuff

CALC-TUFF, noun An alluvial formation of carbonate of lime.

Calcar

CALCAR, noun In glass works, a kind of oven, or reverberating furnace, used for the calcination of sand and salt of potash, and converting them into frit.

Calcarate

CALCARATE, adjective Furnished with a spur; as a calcarate corol, in larksupr; a calcarate nectary, a nectary resembling a cocks spur.

Calcario-Sulphurou

CALCARIO-SULPHUROUS, a. [See Calx and Sulphur.] Having lime and sulphur in combination, or partaking of both.

Calcarious

CALCARIOUS, adjective Partaking of the nature of lime; having the qualities of lime; as calcarious earth or stone.

Calcavalla

CALCAVALLA, noun A kind of sweet wine from Portugal.

Calceated

CALCEATED, noun Shod; fitted with or wearing shoes.

Calcedon

CALCEDON, noun [See Chalcedony.] With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.

Calcedonian

CALCEDONIAN, adjective [See Chalcedony.] Pertaining to or resembling chalcedony.

Calcedonic

CALCEDONIC,

CALCEDONY. See Chalcedony, the more correct orthography.

Calcedony

CALCEDONY. See Chalcedony, the more correct orthography.

Calciferous

CALCIFEROUS, adjective [of calx, lime, and muria, salt water.] A species of earth, of the muriatic genus, of a blue or olive green color, of the consistence of clay. It consists of calcarious earth and magnesia tinged with iron.

Calcinable

CALCINABLE, adjective [See Calcine.] That may be calcined; capable of being reduced to a friable state by the action of fire.

Calcinate

CALCINATE, verb transitive To calcine. [See Calcine.]

Calcination

CALCINATION, noun [from calcine.]

1. The operation of expelling from a substance by heat, some volatile matter with which it is combined, or which is the cementing principle, and thus reducing it to a friable state. Thus chalk and carbonate of lime are reduced to lime by calcination or the expulsion of carbonic acid.

2. The operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx. This is modern chemistry is called oxidation.

Calcinatory

CALCINATORY, noun A vessel used in calcination.

Calcine

CALCINE, verb transitive

1. To reduce a substance to a powder or to a friable state, by the action of heat; or to expel from a substance some volatile matter, combined with it, or forming its cementing principle, as the carbonic acid from limestone, or the water of crystalization from salts.

2. To oxydize, as a metal; to reduce to a metallic calx.

3. To dissolve; to destroy the principles which unite.

CALCINE, verb intransitive To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat.

Calcium

CALCIUM, noun The metallic basis of lime.

Calcographical

CALCOGRAPHICAL, adjective [See Calcography.] Pertaining to calcography.

Calcography

CALCOGRAPHY, noun An engraving in the likeness of chalk.

Calculalation

CALCULALATION, noun

1. The art, practice or manner of computing by numbers. The use of numbers, by addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division, for the purpose of arriving at a certain result. Thus computations in astronomy and geometry for making tables of numbers are called calculations.

2. The result of an arithmetical operation; computation; reckoning.

3. Estimate formed in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and facts which influence its determination.

Calculary

CALCULARY, noun A congeries of little stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap.

Calculate

CALCULATE, verb transitive

1. To compute; to reckon; to add, subtract, multiply or divide any sums, for the purpose of finding the amount, difference, or other result. This, to calculate the expenses of erecting a house, is to estimate and add together the several sums which each part of the materials and the work will cost.

2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers; as, to calculate an eclipse.

3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as logarithms, ephemerides, etc.

4. To compute the situation of the planets at a certain time, for astrological purposes; as, to calculate the birth of a person.

5. To adjust by computation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the means to the end; as, to calculate a system of laws for a free people. Religion is calculated for our benefit.

CALCULATE, verb intransitive To make a computation; as, we calculate better for ourselves than for others.

In popular use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose, that is, to make arrangements, and form a plan; as, a man calculated to go a journey. This use of the word springs from the practice of computing or estimating the various circumstances which concur to influence the mind in forming its determinations.

Calculated

CALCULATED, participle passive Computed; reckoned; suited; adapted by design.

Calculating

CALCULATING, participle present tense Computing; reckoining; adapting by design; adjusting.

Calculative

CALCULATIVE, adjective Pertaining to calculation; tending to calculate.

Calculator

CALCULATOR, noun One who computes or reckons; one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.

Calculatory

CALCULATORY, adjective Belonging to calculation.

Calcule

CALCULE, noun Reckoning; computation.

Calculous

CALCULOUS, adjective [Supra.]

1. Stony; gritty; hard like stone; as a calculous concretion.

2. In mathematics; Differential calculus, is the arithmetic of the infinitely small differences of variable quantities; the method of differencing quantities, or of finding an infinitely small quantity, which, being taken infinite times, shall be equal to a given quantity. This coincides with the doctrine of fluxions.

3. Exponential calculus, is a method of differencing exponential quantities; or of finding and summing up the differentials or moments of exponential quantities; or at least of bringing them to geometrical constructions.

4. Integral calculus, is a method of integrating or summing u moments or differential quantities; the inverse of the differential calculus.

5. Literal calculus, is specious arithmetic or algebra.

Caldron

CALDRON, noun A large kettle or boiler, of copper, or other metal, furnished with a movable handle or bail, with which to hang it on a chimney hook.

Caleche

CALECHE, [See Calash.]

Caledonian

CALEDONIAN, adjective Pertaining to Caledonia, an ancient name of Scotland. The termination ia, signifies a country, and was added by the Romans. Caledon signifies probably, the hill or town of the Gaels, or Caels, the primitive inhabitants.

CALEDONIAN, noun A native of Caledonia, now Scotland.

Calefacient

CALEFACIENT, adjective [See Calefaction, Calefy.] Warming; heating.

CALEFACIENT, noun That which warms or heats.

Calefaction

CALEFACTION, noun

1. The act or operation of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by the communication of heat from other bodies.

2. The state of being heated.

Calefactive

CALEFACTIVE,

CALEFACTOR, adjective [See Calefaction.] That makes warm or hot; that communicates heat.

Calefactor

CALEFACTOR, a. [See Calefaction.] That makes warm or hot; that communicates heat.

Calefy

CALEFY, verb intransitive To grow hot or warm; to be heated.

CALEFY, verb transitive To make worm or hot.

Calendar

CALENDAR, noun

1. A register of the year, in which the months, weeks, and days are set down in order, with the feasts observed by the church, etc.; an almanack. It was so named from the Roman Calendoe, the name given to the first day of the month, and written, in large letters, at the head of each month. [See Calends.]

2. A list of prisoners in the custody of the sheriff.

3. An orderly table or enumeration of persons of things. Calendar-month, a solar month as it stands in Almanacks.

CALENDAR, verb transitive To enter or write in a calendar

Calender

CALENDER, verb transitive To press between rollers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy and wavy; as woolen and silk stuffs and linens.

CALENDER, noun A machine or hot press, used in manufactories to press cloths, for the purpose of making them smooth, even and glossy, laying the nap, watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two thick rollers or cylinders, placed between boards or planks, the lower one being fixed, the upper one movable, and loaded with a great weight.

Calendrer

CALENDRER, noun The person who calenders cloth.

Calends

CALENDS, noun plural Among the Romans, the fist day of each month. The origin of this name is differently related. Varro supposes it to have originated in the practice of notifying the time of the new moon, by a priest who called out or proclaimed the fact, to the people, and the number of the calends or the day of the nones. Others alledge that the people be convened, the pontifex proclaimed the several feasts or holidays in the month; a custom which was discontinued in the year of Rom 450, when the fasti or calendar was set up in public places, to give notice of the festivals.

Calenture

CALENTURE, noun A violent ardent fever, incident to persons in hot climates, especially natives of cooler climates. It is attended with delirium, and one of the symptoms is, that the person affected imagines the sea to be a green field, and sometimes attempting to walk in it, is lost.

Calf

CALF, noun

1. The young of the cow, or of the bovine genus of quadrupeds.

2. In contempt, a dolt; an ignorant, stupid person; a weak or cowardly man.

3. The thick fleshy part of the leg behind; so called from its protuberance.

4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify the pure offerings of prayer, praise and thanks-giving.

Calf-Like

CALF-LIKE, adjective Resembling a calf.

Calf-Skin

CALF-SKIN, noun The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.

Caliber

CALIBER, noun

1. The diameter of a body; as the caliber of a column, or of a bullet.

2. The bore of a gun, or the extent of its bore.

CALIBER-compasses, calibers, or callipers, a sort of compasses made with arched legs to take the diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot, etc. The legs move on an arch of brass, on which are marked the inches and half inches, to show how far the points of the compasses are opened asunder.

CALIBER-rule, Gunners Callipers, an instrument in which a right line is so divided as that the first part being equal to the diameter of an iron or leaden ball of one pound weight, the other parts are to the first as the diameters of balls of two, three, four, etc. Pounds, are to the diameter of a ball of one pound. It is used by engineers, to determine, from a balls weight, its diameter or caliber and vice versa.

Calice

CALICE, noun A cup appropriately, a communion cup, or vessel used to administer the wine in the sacrament of the Lords supper. It is used by the Roman Catholics in the mass.

Calico

CALICO, noun [said to be from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. In England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, having not more than two colors. I have never heard this name given to the unprinted cloth. calico was originally imported from India, but is now manufactured in Europe and the United States.

Calico-Printer

CALICO-PRINTER, noun One whose occupation is to print calicoes.

Calid

CALID, adjective Hot; burning; ardent.

Calidity

CALIDITY, noun Heat.

Caliduct

CALIDUCT, noun Among the Ancients, a pipe or canal used to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a house.

Calif

CALIF, noun Written also caliph and kalif. A successor or vicar; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same relation to him as the Pope pretends to bear to St. Peter. Among the Saracens, or Mohammedans, a calif is one who is vested with supreme dignity and power in all matters relating to religion and civil policy. This title is borne by the Grand Signior in Turkcy, and by the Sophi of Persia.

Califate

CALIFATE,

CALIGATION, noun Darkness; dimness; cloudiness.

In medical authors, caligation or caligo, is an opakeness or cloudiness of the anterior surface of the crystaline lens, causing dimness of sight; impaired sight from obstruction to the passage of light, or cataract.

Caliginous

CALIGINOUS, adjective Dim; obscure; dark.

Caliginousness

CALIGINOUSNESS, noun Dimness; obscurity.

Caligraphy

CALIGRAPHY,

CALIGRAPHYIC, noun [Infra.] Pertaining to elegant penmanship.

Caligraphyic

CALIGRAPHYIC, n. [Infra.] Pertaining to elegant penmanship.

Calin

CALIN, noun A compound metal, of which the Chinese make tea canisters and the like. The ingredients seem to be lead and tin.

Caliphate

CALIPHATE or KALIFATE, noun The office or dignity of a calif; or the government of a calif.

Caliver

CALIVER, noun [from caliber.] A kind of handgun, musket or arquebuse.

Calk

CALK, verb transitive cauk.

1. To drive oakum or old ropes untwised, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to prevent their leaking, or admitting water. After the seams are filled, they are covered with hot melted pitch or rosin, to keep the oakum from rotting.

2. In some parts of America, to set upon a horse or ox shoes armed with sharp points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice; that is, to stop from slipping.

CALK, noun Cauk. In New-England, a sharp pointed piece of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called in Great Britain calking; used to prevent the animal from slipping.

Calked

CALKED, participle passive Cauked. Having the seams stopped; furnished with shoes with iron points.

Calker

CALKER, noun Cauker. A man who calks; sometimes perhaps a calk or pointed iron on a house-shoe.

Calkin

CALKIN, noun A calk.

Calking

CALKING, noun Cauking. In painting, the covering of the back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and tracing lines through on a waxed plate or wall or other matter, by passing lightly over each stroke of the design with a point, which leaves an impression of the color on the plate or wall.

Calking-Iron

CALKING-IRON, noun Cauking-iron. An instrument like a chisel, used in calking ships.