Censor – Chambering

Censor

CENSOR, noun

1. An officer, in ancient Rome, whose business was to register the effects of the citizens, to impose taxes according to the property which each man possessed, and to inspect the manners of the citizens, with power to censure vice and immorality, by inflicting a public mark of ignominy on the offender.

2. One who is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, before they are committed to the press, and to see that they contain nothing heretical or immoral.

3. One who is given to censure.

Censorial

CENSORIAL,

CENSORIAN, adjective

1. Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public morals; as, censorial power.

2. Full of censure; See censorious, the proper word.

Censorious

CENSORIOUS, adjective

1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on their writings or manners; often implying ill-nature, illiberality, or uncharitableness; as a censorious critic.

2. Implying or expressing censure; as, censorious remarks.

Censoriously

CENSORIOUSLY, adverb In a censorious manner.

Censoriousness

CENSORIOUSNESS, noun

1. Disposition to blame and condemn; the habit o censuring or reproaching.

2. The quality of being censorious.

Censorship

CENSORSHIP, noun The office or dignity of a censor; the time during which a censor holds his office.

Censual

CENSUAL, adjective Relating to, or containing a census; liable to be rated.

Censurable

CENSURABLE, adjective [See Censure.] Worthy of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensibly; faulty; as a censurable person, or censurable conduct or writings.

Censurableness

CENSURABLENESS, noun Blamableness; fitness to be censured.

Censurabley

CENSURABLEY, adverb In a manner worthy of blame.

Censure

CENSURE, noun

1. The act of blaming or finding fault and condemning as wrong; applicable to the moral conduct, or to the works of men. When applied to persons, it is nearly equivalent to blame, reproof, reprehension, reprimand. It is an expression of disapprobation, which often implies reproof.

2. Judicial sentence; judgment that condemns. An ecclesiastical censure is a sentence of condemnation, or penalty inflicted on a member of a church for mal-conduct, by which he is deprived of the communion of the church, or prohibited from executing the sacerdotal office.

CENSURE, verb transitive

1. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to express disapprobation of; as, to censure a man, or his manners, or his writings.

We laugh at vanity, oftener than we censure pride.

2. To condemn by a judicial sentence, as in ecclesiastical affairs.

3. To estimate.

CENSURE, verb intransitive To judge.

Censured

CENSURED, participle passive Blaming; finding fault with; condemning.

Census

CENSUS, noun

1. In ancient Rome, an authentic declaration made before the censors, by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. This declaration was registered, and contained an enumeration of all their lands and estates, their quantity and quality, with the wives, children, domestics, tenants, and slaves of each citizen. Hence the word signifies this enumeration or register, a mans whole substance, and the tax imposed according to each mans property.

2. In the United States of America, an-enumeration of the inhabitants of all the States, taken by order of the Congress, to furnish the rule of apportioning the representation among the States, and the number of representatives to which each State is entitled in the Congress; also, an enumeration of the inhabitants of a State, taken by order of its legislature.

Cent

CENT, noun

1. A hundred. In commerce, per cent denotes a certain rate by the hundred; as, ten per cent Is ten in the hundred, whether profit or loss. This rate is called percentage.

2. In the United States of America, a copper coin whose value is the hundredth part of a dollar.

Centage

CENTAGE, noun Rate by the cent or hundred.

Centaur

CENTAUR, noun

1. In mythology, a fabulous being, supposed to be half man and half horse. It has been supposed that this fancied monster originated among the Lapithae, a tribe in Thessaly, who first invented the art of breaking horses. But the origin of the fable and of the name is doubtful.

2. Part of a southern constellation, in form of a centaur usually joined with the wolf, containing thirty-five stars; the archer.

Centaurlike

CENTAURLIKE, adjective Having the appearance of a centaur.

Centaury

CENTAURY, noun The name of a plant, and a genus of plants, of numerous species. The lesser centaury is a species of Gentiana. centaury bears the popular names of knapweed, bluebottle, sultan, and star-thistle.

Centenary

CENTENARY, noun The number of a hundred; as a centenary of years.

CENTENARY, adjective Relating to a hundred; consisting of a hundred.

Centennial

CENTENNIAL, adjective

1. Consisting of a hundred yeas, or completing that term.

2. Pertaining to a hundred years.

3. Happening every hundred years.

Center

CENTER, noun

1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure or body; the middle point or place.

2. The middle or central object. In an army, the body of troops occupying the place in the line between the wings. In a fleet, the division between the van and rear of the line of battle, and between the weather division and lee, in the order of sailing.

3. A single body or house.

These institutions collected all authority into one center kings, nobles and people.

CENTER of gravity, in mechanics, the point about which all the parts of a body exactly balance each other.

CENTER o motion, the point which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move round it.

CENTER, verb transitive

1. To place on a center; to fix on a central point.

2. To collect to a point.

Thy joys are centered all in me alone.

CENTER, verb intransitive

1. To be collected to a point.

Our hopes must center on ourselves alone.

2. To be collected to a point; to rest on.

3. To be placed in the middle.

Centered

CENTERED, participle passive Collected to a point or center; fixed on a central point.

Centering

CENTERING, participle present tense Placing on the center; collecting to a point.

Centesimal

CENTESIMAL, adjective The hundredth. As a noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the arithmetic of fractions.

Centesimation

CENTESIMATION, noun A military punishment, for desertion, mutiny or the like, where one person in a hundred is selected for execution.

Centesm

CENTESM, noun The hundredth part of an integer or thing.

Centifolious

CENTIFOLIOUS, adjective Having a hundred leaves.

Centigrade

CENTIGRADE, adjective Consisting of a hundred degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts; as a centigrade thermometer.

Centigram

CENTIGRAM, noun In French Measure, the hundredth part of a gram. [see Gram.]

Centiliter

CENTILITER, noun The hundredth part of a liter, a little more than 6-10 of a cubic inch.

Centimeter

CENTIMETER, noun In French measure, the hundredth part of a meter, rather more than 39-100 of an inch. English measure.

Centinody

CENTINODY, noun Knotgrass.

Centiped

CENTIPED, noun An insect having a hundred feet, but the term is applied to insects that have many feet, though not a hundred. Insects of this kind are called generically Scolopendra. In warm climates, some of them grow to the length of six inches or more, and their bite is poisonous.

Centipee

CENTIPEE, for centiped.

Centner

CENTNER, noun In metallurgy and assaying, a docimastic hundred; a weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into smaller parts. The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a centner; the pound is divided into thirty-two parts or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters, and each of these into two drams. But the assayers use different weights. With them a centner is one dram, to which the other parts are proportioned.

Cento

CENTO, noun A composition formed by verses or passages from other authors, disposed in a new order.

Central

CENTRAL, adjective Relating to the center; placed in the center or middle; containing the center, or pertaining to the parts near the center.

CENTRAL forces, in mechanics, the powers which cause a moving body to tend towards or recede from the center of motion.

Centrality

CENTRALITY, noun The state of being central.

Centrally

CENTRALLY, adverb With regard to the center; in a central manner.

Centric

CENTRIC, adjective Placed in the center or middle.

Centrically

CENTRICALLY, adverb In a central position.

Centricalness

CENTRICALNESS, noun Situation in the center.

Centrifugal

CENTRIFUGAL, adjective Tending to recede from the center. The centrifugal force of a body, is that force by which all bodies moving round another body in a curve, tend to fly off from the axis of their motion, in a tangent to the periphery of the curve.

Centripetal

CENTRIPETAL, adjective Tending towards the center. centripetal force is that force which draws or impels a body towards some point as a center; as in case of a planet revolving round the sun, the center of the system. [Note: The common accentuation of centrifugal and centripetal is artificial and harsh. The accent on the first and third syllables, as in circumpolar, would be natural and easy.]

Centumvir

CENTUMVIR, noun One of a hundred and five judges, in ancient Rome, appointed to decide common causes among the people.

Centumviral

CENTUMVIRAL, adjective Pertaining to the centumvirs.

Centuple

CENTUPLE, adjective A hundred fold.

CENTUPLE, verb transitive To multiply a hundred fold.

Centuplicate

CENTUPLICATE, verb transitive To make a hundred fold.

Centurial

CENTURIAL, adjective Relating to a century, or a hundred years; as a chanterelle sermon.

When the third chanterelle jubilee of New-England shall come, who of us will then be living to participate he general joy?

Centuriate

CENTURIATE, verb transitive To divide into hundreds.

Centuriators

CENTURIATORS,

CENTURION, noun Among the Romans, a military officer who commanded a hundred men, a century or company of infantry, answering to the captain in modern armies.

Centurion

CENTURION, n. Among the Romans, a military officer who commanded a hundred men, a century or company of infantry, answering to the captain in modern armies.

Centurist

CENTURIST, noun A historian who distinguishes time into centuries; as in the Universal Church History of Magdeburg.

Century

CENTURY, noun

1. In a general sense, a hundred; any thing consisting of a hundred parts.

2. A division of the Roman people for the purpose of electing magistrates and enacting laws, the people voting by centuries; also, a company consisting of a hundred men.

3. A period of a hundred years. This is the most common signification of the word; and as we begin our modern computation of time from the incarnation of Christ, the word is generally applied to some term of a hundred years subsequent to that event; as the fist or second century or the tenth century If we intend to apply the word to a different era, we use an explanatory adjunct; as the third century before the Christian era, or after the reign of Cyrus.

4. The Centuries of Magdeburg, a title given to an ecclesiastical history, arranged in 13 centuries, compiled by a great number of Protestants at Magdeburg.

Ceol

CEOL, Sax. A ship. This word is sometimes found prefixed to names.

Cephalalgic

CEPHALALGIC, noun A medicine good for the headache.

Cephalalgy

CEPHALALGY, noun The headache.

Cephalic

CEPHALIC, adjective Pertaining to the head; as cephalic medicines, remedies for disorders in the head. The cephalic vein, which runs along the arm, was so named because the ancients used to open it for disorders of the head.

CEPHALIC, noun A medicine for headache or other disorder in the head.

Cepheus

CEPHEUS, noun A constellation in the Northern hemisphere.

Cephus

CEPHUS, noun A fowl of the duck kind; also, a species of monkey, the mona.

Cerasee

CERASEE, noun The male balsam apple.

Cerasin

CERASIN, noun Any gummy substance which swells in cold water, but does not readily dissolve in it.

Cerasite

CERASITE, noun A petrifaction resembling a cherry.

Cerastes

CERASTES, noun In zoology, the name of a serpent, of the genus Coluber, which the ancients supposed to have horns.

Cerate

CERATE, noun A thick kind of ointment, composed of wax and oil, with other ingredients; applied externally in various diseases.

Cerated

CERATED, adjective Covered with wax.

Cere

CERE, noun The naked skin that covers the base of a hawks bill.

CERE, verb transitive To wax or cover with wax.

Cerebel

CEREBEL,

CEREBELLUM, noun The hinder part of the head, or the little brain.

Cerebral

CEREBRAL,

CEREBRINE, adjective Pertaining to the cerebrum or brain.

Cerecloth

CERECLOTH, noun A cloth smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous matter. [But the English word for a cloth used to cover wounds is sear-cloth.]

Cerement

CEREMENT, noun Cloths dipped in melted wax, with which dead bodies were infolded, when embalmed.

Ceremonial

CEREMONIAL, adjective [See Ceremony.]

1. Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established rites; as ceremonial exactness. It is particularly applied to the forms and rites of the Jewish religion; as the ceremonial law or worship, as distinguished from the moral and judicial law.

2. Formal; observant of old forms; exact; precise in manners.

[In this sense, ceremonious is now used.]

CEREMONIAL, noun

1. Outward form; external rite, or established forms or rites, including all the forms prescribed; a system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law or established by custom, whether in religious worship, in social intercourse, or in the courts of princes.

2. The order for rites and forms in the Romish church, or the book containing the rules prescribed to be observed on solemn occasions.

Ceremonially

CEREMONIALLY, adverb According to rites and ceremonies; as a person ceremonially unclean; an act ceremonially unlawful.

Ceremonious

CEREMONIOUS, adjective

1. Consisting of outward forms and rites; as the ceremonious part of worship. [In this sense, ceremonial is now used.]

2. Full of ceremony or solemn forms.

3. According to the rules and forms prescribed or customary; civil; formally respectful. ceremonious phrases.

4. Formal; according to the rules of civility; as, to take a ceremonious leave.

5. Formal; exact; precise; too observant of forms.

Ceremoniously

CEREMONIOUSLY, adverb In a ceremonious manner; formally; with due forms.

Ceremoniousness

CEREMONIOUSNESS, noun The use of customary forms; the practice of too much ceremony; great formality in manners.

Ceremony

CEREMONY, noun

1. Outward rite; external form in religion.

2. Forms of civility; rules established by custom for regulating social intercourse.

3. Outward forms of state; the forms prescribed or established by order or custom, serving for the purpose of civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the reception of ambassadors, etc.

Master of ceremonies, an officer who superintends the reception of ambassadors. A person who regulates the forms to be observed by the company or attendants on a public occasion.

Cereolite

CEREOLITE, noun A substance which in appearance and softness resembles wax; sometimes confounded with steatite.

Cereous

CEREOUS, adjective Waxen; like wax.

Ceres

CERES, noun

1. In mythology, the inventor or goddess of corn, or rather the name of corn deified.

2. The name of a planet discovered by M. Piozzi, at Palermo in Sicily, in 1801.

Cerin

CERIN, noun

1. A peculiar substance which precipitates on evaporation, from alcohol, which has been digested on grated cork.

2. The part of common wax which dissolves in alcohol.

3. A variety of the mineral allanite.

Cerinthians

CERINTHIANS, noun A set of heretics, so called from Cerinthus, one of the first heresiarchs in the church. They denied the divinity of Christ, but they held that, in his baptism, a celestial virtue descended on him in the form of a dove, by means of which he was consecrated by the Holy Spirit and made Christ.

Cerite

CERITE, noun [See Cerium.]

1. The siliceous oxyd of Cerium, a rare mineral of a pale rose red color, with a tinge of yellow.

2. A fossil shell.

Cerium

CERIUM, noun A metal recently discovered in Sweden, in the mineral cerate, and so called rom the planet Ceres. It is of great specific gravity. Its color a grayish white and its texture lamellar.

Ceroon

CEROON, noun [from the Spanish.] A bale or package made of skins.

Cerrial

CERRIAL, adjective Pertaining to the Cerrus, or bitter oak.

Cerrus

CERRUS, noun The bitter oak.

Certain

CERTAIN, adjective

1. Sure; true; undoubted; unquestionable; that cannot be denied; existing in fact and truth.

The dream is certain and the interpretation sure. Daniel 2:45.

2. Assured in mind; having no doubts; followed by of, before a noun.

However I with thee have fixed my lot,

CERTAIN to undergo like doom of death,

Consort with thee.

To make her certain of the sad event.

3. Unfailing; always producing the intended effect; as, we may have a certain remedy for a disease.

4. Not doubtful or casual; really existing.

Virtue that directs our ways

Through certain dangers to uncertain praise.

5. Stated; fixed; determinate; regular.

Ye shall gather a certain rate every day. Exodus 16:4.

6. Particular.

There came a certain poor widow. Mark 12:1.

In the plural number, a particular part or number; some; an indefinite part, number, or quantity. Hanani came, he and certain men of Judah. I mourned certain days. Nehemiah 1:2. 6.

In the latter sense, it is used as a noun; as, certain also of your own poets have said. Acts 17:5.

Certainly

CERTAINLY, adverb

1. Without doubt or question; in truth and fact.

CERTAINLY this was a righteous man. Luke 23:47.

2. Without failure.

He said, I will certainly return to thee. Genesis 18:10.

Certainness

CERTAINNESS, noun Certainty, which see.

Certainty

CERTAINTY, noun

1. A fixed or real state; truth; fact.

Know for a certainty that the Lord your God will no more drive out these nations. Joshua 23:13. Luke 1:4.

2. Full assurance of mind; exemption from doubt.

CERTAINTY is the perception of the agreement or disagreement of our ideas.

3. Exemption from failure; as the certainty of an event, or of the success of a medicine.

The certainty of punishment is the truest security against crimes.

4. Regularity; settled state.

Certes

CERTES, adverb Certainly; in truth; verily.

Certificate

CERTIFICATE, noun [See Certify.]

1. In a general sense, a written testimony not sworn to; a declaration in writing, signed by the party, and intended to verify a fact.

2. In a more particular sense, the written declaration, under the hand or seal or both, of some public officer, to be used as evidence in a court, or to substantiate a fact. A certificate of this kind may be considered as given under the oath of office.

3. Trial by certificate is where the evidence of the person certifying is the only proper criterion of the point in dispute as when the issue is whether a person was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the Mareschall of the army, in writing under his seal.

CERTIFICATE, verb transitive or i.t.

1. To give a certificate; to lodge a certificate with the proper officer, for the purpose of being exempted from the payment of taxes to support the ministry, in a parish or ecclesiastical society.

2. To give a certificate to, acknowledging one to be a parishioner.

But such certificated person can gain no settlement.

Certification

CERTIFICATION, noun The act of certifying.

Certified

CERTIFIED, participle passive [See Certify.] Assured; made certain; informed.

Certifier

CERTIFIER, noun One who certifies, or assures.

Certify

CERTIFY, verb transitive

1. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration in writing, under hand, or hand and seal, to make known or establish a fac.

The judges shall certify their opinion to the chancellor, and upon such certificate, the decree is usually founded.

The Judge shall certify under his hand, that the freehold came chiefly in question.

2. To give certain information to; applied to persons.

We have sent and certified the king. Ezra 4:14.

3. To give certain information of; applied to things.

This is designed to certify those things that are confirmed of Gods favor.

It is followed by of, after the person, and before the thing told; as, I certified you of the fact.

Certifying

CERTIFYING, participle present tense Giving a written testimony, or certificate; giving certain notice; making certainly known.

Certiorari

CERTIORARI, noun A writ issuing out of Chancery, Kings Bench or other superior court, to call up the records of an inferior court, or remove a cause there depending, that it may be tried in the superior court. This writ is obtained upon complaint of a party, that he has not received justice, or that he cannot have an impartial trial, in the inferior court.

Certitude

CERTITUDE, noun Certainty; assurance; freedom from doubt.

Cerulean

CERULEAN,

CERULEOUS, adjective Sky-colored; blue.

Cerulific

CERULIFIC, adjective Producing a blue or sky-color.

Cerumen

CERUMEN, noun The wax or yellow matter secreted by the ear.

Ceruse

CERUSE, noun White-lead; a carbonate of lead, produced by exposing the metal in thin plates to the vapor of vinegar. Lead is sometimes found native in the form of ceruse

CERUSE of antimony is a white oxyd of antimony, which separates from the water in which diaphoretic antimony has been washed.

Cerused

CERUSED, adjective Washed with a preparation of white lead.

Cervical

CERVICAL, adjective Belonging to the neck; as the cervical nerves; cervical vessels.

Cervin

CERVIN,

CERVINE, adjective Pertaining to the deer, or to animals of the genus Cervus.

Cervine

CERVINE, a. Pertaining to the deer, or to animals of the genus Cervus.

Cesarean

CESAREAN, adjective The cesarean operation is the taking of a child from the womb by cutting; an operation, which, it is said, gave name to Caesar, the Roman emperor.

Cespititious

CESPITITIOUS, adjective Pertaining to turf; made of turf.

Cespitous

CESPITOUS, adjective Pertaining to turf; turfy.

A cespitous or turfy plant, has many stems from the same root, usually forming a close thick carpet or matting.

Cess

CESS, as a noun, a rate or tax, and as a verb, to rate or lay a tax, is probably a corruption of assess, or from the same root.

CESS, verb intransitive To neglect a legal duty.

Cessation

CESSATION, noun

1. A ceasing; a stop; a rest; the act of discontinuing motion or action of any kind, whether temporary or final.

2. A ceasing or suspension of operation, force or effect; as a cessation of the laws of nature.

A cessation of arms, an armistice or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.

Cessavit

CESSAVIT, noun In law, a writ given by statute, to recover lands, when the tenant or occupier has ceased for two years to perform the service, which constitutes the condition of his tenure, and has not sufficient goods or chattels to be distrained, or the tenant has so inclosed the land that the lord cannot come upon it to distrain.

Cesser

CESSER, noun [See Cess.] A ceasing; a neglect to perform services or payment for two years. See Cessavit.]

Cessibility

CESSIBILITY, noun [See Cede and Cession.] The act of giving way or receding.

Cessible

CESSIBLE, adjective [See Cede.] Giving way; yielding; easy to give way.

Cession

CESSION, noun

1. The act of giving way; a yielding to force or impulse.

2. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to another person; particularly, a surrender of conquered territory to its former proprietor or sovereign, by treaty.

3. In the civil law, a voluntary surrender of a persons effects to his creditors, to avoid imprisonment.

4. In ecclesiastical law, the leaving of a benefice without dispensation or being otherwise qualified. When an ecclesiastical person is created a bishop, or when the parson of a parish takes another benefice, without dispensation, the benefices are void by cession without resignation.

Cessionary

CESSIONARY, adjective Having surrendered effects; as a cessionary bankrupt.

Cessment

CESSMENT, noun An assessment or tax.

Cessor

CESSOR, noun

1. In law, he that neglects, for two years, to perform the service by which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. [See Cessavit.]

2. An assessor, or taxer.

Cest

CEST, noun A ladys girdle.

Cestus

CESTUS, noun The girdle of Venus, or marriage-girdle, among the Greeks and Romans.

Cesura

CESURA,

CESURAL, adjective Pertaining to the cesure.

Cesure

CESURE, noun A pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the recital, and render the versification more melodious. It divides a verse or line into equal or unequal parts. Its most pleasing effect is produced, when it is placed at the end of the second foot, or in the middle, or at the end of the third foot.

Cetaceous

CETACEOUS, adjective Pertaining to the whale; belonging to the whale kind. The cetacceous fishes include the genera monodon, balaena, physeter and delphinus. They have no gills, but an aperture on the top of the head, and a flat or horizontal tail.

Cetate

CETATE, noun A compound of cetic acid, with a base.

Ceterach

CETERACH, noun A trivial name of a species of Asplenium, or spleen-wort.

Cetic

CETIC, adjective Pertaining to the whale. The cetic acid is a peculiar substance obtained from the spermaceti.

Cetin

CETIN, noun A name given to spermaceti by Chevreul.

Cetological

CETOLOGICAL, noun Pertaining to cetology.

Cetologist

CETOLOGIST, noun One who is versed in the natural history of the whale and its kindred animals.

Cetology

CETOLOGY, noun The doctrine or natural history of cetaceous animals.

Cetus

CETUS, noun In astronomy, the whale, a large constellation of the Southern hemisphere, containing ninety-seven stars.

Ceylanite

CEYLANITE, noun A mineral, classed with the ruby family; called also pleonaste. Its color is a muddy, dark blue, and grayish black, approaching to iron black. It occurs in grains, or small crystals, either perfect octahedrons, or truncated on the edges, or with the angles acuminated by four planes. It occurs also in rhomboidal dodecahedrons.

Chabasie

CHABASIE,

CHABASITE, noun A mineral which has been regarded as a variety of zeolite. It is divisible into very obtuse rhomboids.

This mineral occurs in crystals, whose primitive form is nearly a cube.

CHABASIE has a foliated structure; its fracture is somewhat conchoidal or uneven, with a glistening vitreous luster. It is translucent, sometimes transparent. Its color is white or grayish white, sometimes with a rosy tinge. Before the blowpipe, it intumesces a little, and easily melts into a white spongy mass.

Chad

CHAD, noun A kind of fish; pronounced shad.

Chafe

CHAFE, verb transitive

1. To excite heat or inflammation by friction, as to chafe the skin; also, to fret and wear by rubbing, as to chafe a cable.

2. To act violently upon, by rubbing; to fret against, as waves against a shore.

The troubled Tyber chafing with his shores.

3. To be fretted and worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes.

CHAFE, noun

1. Heat, excited by friction.

2. Violent agitation of the mind or passions; heat; fret; passion.

Chafe-Wax

CHAFE-WAX, noun In England, an officer belonging to the Lord Chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs.

Chafed

CHAFED, participle passive Heated or fretted by rubbing; worn by friction.

Chafer

CHAFER, noun One who chafes.

CHAFER, noun An insect, a species of Scarabaeus, or beetle.

Chafery

CHAFERY, noun In Iron works, a forge in which an ancony or square mass of iron, hammered into a bar in the middle, with its ends rough, is reduced to a complete bar, by hammering down the ends to the shape of the middle.

Chaff

CHAFF, noun

1. The husk, or dry calyx of corn, and grasses. In common language, the word is applied to the husks when separated from the corn by thrashing, riddling or winnowing. The word is sometimes used rather improperly to denote straw cut small for the food of cattle.

2. Refuse; worthless matter; especially that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind. In scripture, false doctrines, fruitless designs, hypocrites and ungodly men are compared to chaff Psalms 1:4; Jeremiah 23:28; Isaiah 33:11; Matthew 3:12.

Chaffer

CHAFFER, verb intransitive To treat about a purchase; to bargain; to haggle; to negotiate; to chop and change; as, to chaffer for preferments.

CHAFFER, verb transitive To buy; to exchange.

CHAFFER, noun One who chaffers; a bargainer; a buyer.

Chaffern

CHAFFERN, noun A vessel for heating water.

Chaffery

CHAFFERY, noun Trafick; buying and selling.

Chaffinch

CHAFFINCH, noun A species of birds of the genus Fringilla, which are said to delight in chaff, and are admired for their song.

Chaffless

CHAFFLESS, noun Without chaff.

Chaffweed

CHAFFWEED, noun A plant, cud-weed, a species of Gnaphalium; but this name is given also to the Centunculus.

Chaffy

CHAFFY, adjective Like chaff; full of chaff; light; as, chaffy straws; chaffy opinions.

Chafing

CHAFING, participle present tense Heating or fretting by friction.

Chafing-Dish

CHAFING-DISH, noun A dish or vessel to hold coals for heating any thing set on it; a portable grate for coals.

Chagrin

CHAGRIN, noun Ill-humor; vexation; peevishness; fretfulness.

CHAGRIN, verb transitive To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify.

Chagrined

CHAGRINED, participle passive Vexed; fretted; displeased.

Chain

CHAIN, noun

1. A series of links or rings connected, or fitted into one another, usually made of some kind of metal, as a chain of gold, or of iron; but the word is not restricted to any particular kind of material. It is used often for an ornament about the person.

2. That which binds; a real chain; that which restrains, confines, or fetters; a bond.

If God spared not the angels that sinned, but delivered them into chains of darkness. 2 Peter 2:4.

3. Bondage; affliction.

He hath made my chain heavy. Lamentations 3:7.

4. Bondage; slavery.

In despotism the people sleep soundly in their chains.

5. Ornament. Proverbs 1:9.

6. A series of things linked together; a series of things connected or following in succession; as a chain of causes, of ideas, or events; a chain of being.

7. A range, or line of things connected, as a chain of mountains.

8. A series of links, forming an instrument to measure land.

9. A string of twisted wire, or something similar, to hang a watch on, and for other purposes.

10. In France, a measure of wood for fuel, and various commodities, of various length.

11. In ship-building, chains are strong links or plates of iron, bolted at the lower end to the ships side, used to contain the blocks called dead eyes, by which the shrouds of the mast are extended.

12. The warp in weaving, as in French.

CHAIN-; ump. This consists of a long chain equipped with a sufficient number of valves, moving on two wheels, one above the other below, passing downward through a wooden tube and returning through another. It is managed by a long winch, on which several men may be employed at once.

CHAIN-shot, two balls connected by a chain and used to cut down masts, or cut away shrouds and rigging.

CHAIN-wales of a ship, broad and thick planks projecting from a ships side, abreast of and behind the masts, for the purpose of extending the shrouds, for better supporting the masts, and preventing the shrouds from damaging the gunwale.

CHAIN-work, work consisting of threads, cords and the like, linked together in the form of a chain; as lineal chaining or tambour work, reticulation or net work, etc.

Top-chain, on board a ship, a chain to sling the sail-yards in time of battle, to prevent their falling, when the ropes that support them are shot away.

CHAIN, verb transitive

1. To fasten, bind or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain

2. To enslave; to keep in slavery.

And which more blest? Who chaind his country, say

Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?

3. To guard with a chain as a harbor or passage.

4. To unite; to form chain-work.

Chained

CHAINED, participle passive Made fast, or bound by a chain; connected by a chain; bound; enslaved.

Chaining

CHAINING, participle present tense Binding, fastening or connecting with a chain; binding, or attaching to; enslaving.

Chair

CHAIR, noun

1. A movable seat; a frame with a bottom made of different materials, used for persons to sit in; originally a stool, and anciently a kind of pulpit in churches.

2. A seat of justice or of authority; as a chair of state.

3. A seat for a professor, or his office; as the professors chair

4. The seat for a speaker or presiding officer of a public council, or assembly, as the speakers chair; and by a metonymy, the speaker himself; as, to address the chair

5. A sedan; a vehicle on poles borne by men.

6. A pulpit.

7. A two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a gig.

8. Supreme office or magistracy.

When Governor Shute came to the chair several of the old councilors were laid aside.

Curule chair an ivory seat placed on a car, used by the prime magistrates of Rome.

Chair-Man

CHAIR-MAN, noun

1. The presiding officer or speaker of an assembly, association or company, particularly of a legislative house; also, the president or senior member of a committee.

2. One whose business is to carry a chair.

Chaise

CHAISE, noun s as z. A two-wheeled carriage drawn by one horse; a gig. It is open or covered.

Chalcedonic

CHALCEDONIC, adjective Pertaining to chalcedony.

Chalcedony

CHALCEDONY, noun A subspecies of quartz, a mineral called also white agate, resembling milk diluted with water, and more or less clouded or opake, with veins, circles and spots. It is used in jewelry.

The varieties of chalcedony are common chalcedony heliotrope, chrysoprase, plasma, onyx, sard and sardonyx.

Chalcedonyx

CHALCEDONYX, noun A variety of agate, in which white and gray layers alternate.

Chalcite

CHALCITE, noun Sulphate of iron of a red color, so far calcined as to have lost a considerable part of its acid.

Chalcographer

CHALCOGRAPHER, noun An engraver in brass.

Chalcography

CHALCOGRAPHY, noun The act or art of engraving in brass.

Chaldaic

CHALDAIC, adjective Pertaining to Chaldea, anciently a country on the Frat or Euphrates, in Asia, called in scripture Shinar. Of this Babylon was the principal city.

CHALDAIC, noun The language or dialect of the Chaldeans.

Chaldaism

CHALDAISM, noun An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.

Chaldean

CHALDEAN, noun An inhabitant of Chaldea.

Chaldee

CHALDEE, adjective Pertaining to Chaldea.

CHALDEE, noun The language or dialect of the Chaldeans.

Chalder

CHALDER, noun A measure of coals consisting of thirty six bushels.

Chaldron

CHALDRON,

CHALICE, noun A cup, or bowl; usually a communion cup.

Chalice

CHALICE, n. A cup, or bowl; usually a communion cup.

Chaliced

CHALICED, noun Having a cell or cup; applied by Shakespeare to a flower; but I believe little used.

Chalk

CHALK, noun A well known calcarious earth, of an opake white color, soft and admitting no polish. It contains a large portion of carbonic acid, and is a subspecies of carbonate of lime. It is used as an absorbent and anti-acid.

Cleaveland. Nicholson. Kirwan. Aikin.

Black-chalk is a species of earth used by painters for drawing on blue paper.

Red-chalk is an indurated clayey ocher used by painters and artificers.

CHALK, verb transitive

1. To rub with chalk; to mark with chalk

2. To manure with chalk as land.

3. From the use of chalk in marking lines, the phrase to chalk out is used to signify, to lay out, draw out or describe; as, to chalk out a plan of proceeding.

Chalk-Cutter

CHALK-CUTTER, noun A man that digs chalk.

Chalk-Pit

CHALK-PIT, noun A pit in which chalk is dug.

Chalk-Stone

CHALK-STONE, noun

1. In medicine, a calcarious concretion in the hands and feet of men violently affected by the gout.

2. White with chalk; consisting of chalk; as, chalky cliffs.

3. Impregnated with chalk; as, chalky water.

Chalkiness

CHALKINESS, noun The state of being chalky.

Challenge

CHALLENGE, noun Literally, a calling, or crying out, the primary sense of many words expressing a demand, as claim. Hence appropriately,

1. A calling upon one to fight in single combat; an invitation or summons, verbal or written, to decide a controversy by a duel. Hence the letter containing the summons is also called a challenge

2. A claim or demand made of a right or supposed right.

There must be no challenge of superiority.

3. Among hunters, the opening and crying of hounds at the first finding the scent of their game.

4. In law, an exception to jurors; the claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause; that is, a calling them off. The right of challenge is given both in civil and criminal trials, for certain causes which are supposed to disqualify a juror to be an impartial judge. The right of challenge extends either to the whole panel or array, or only to particular jurors, called a challenge to the polls. A principal challenge is that which the law allows without cause assigned. A challenge to the favor, is when the party alleges a special cause. In criminal cases, a prisoner may challenge twenty jurors, without assigning a cause. This is called a peremptory challenge

CHALLENGE, VT

1. To call, invite or summon to answer for an offense by single combat, or duel.

2. To call to a contest; to invite to a trial; as, I challenge a man to prove what he asserts, implying defiance.

3. To accuse; to call to answer.

4. To claim as due; to demand as a right; as, the Supreme Being challenges our reverence and homage.

5. In law, to call off a juror, or jurors; or to demand that jurors shall not sit in trial upon a cause. [See the noun.]

6. To call to the performance of conditions.

Challengeable

CHALLENGEABLE, adjective That may be challenged; that may be called to account.

Challenged

CHALLENGED, participle passive Called to combat or o contest; claimed; demanded, as due; called from a jury.

Challenger

CHALLENGER, noun

1. One who challenges; one who invites to a single combat; one who calls on another by way of defiance.

2. One who claims superiority; one who claims any thing as his right, or makes pretensions to it.

3. One who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause.

Challenging

CHALLENGING, participle present tense Summoning to a duel, or to contest; claiming as a right; defying; calling off from a jury.

Chalybean

CHALYBEAN, adjective Pertaining to steel well tempered.

Chalybeate

CHALYBEATE, adjective Impregnated with particles of iron; as chalybeate waters.

CHALYBEATE, noun Any water or other liquor into which iron enters.

Cham

CHAM, noun The sovereign prince of Tartary. Usually written Khan.

Chamade

CHAMADE, noun In war, the beat of a drum or sound of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley; as for making a proposition for a truce, or for a capitulation.

Chamber

CHAMBER,

CHAMBER,

1. An apartment in an upper story, or in a story above the lower floor of a dwelling house; often used as a lodging room.

2. Any retired room; any private apartment which a person occupies; as, he called on the judge at his chamber

Joseph entered into his chamber and wept. Genesis 43:30.

3. Any retired place.

Her house is the way to hell, going down to the chambers of death. Proverbs 7:27.

4. A hollow or cavity; as the chamber of the eye.

5. A place where an assembly meets, and the assembly itself; as star-chamber; imperial chamber; chamber of accounts; ecclesiastical chamber; privy chamber; chamber of commerce, etc.

6. In military affairs, the chamber of a mortar is that part of the chase, where the powder lies.

7. A powder-chamber, or bomb-chamber, a place under ground for holding powder and bombs, where they may be safe and secured from rains.

8. The chamber of a mine, a place, generally of a cubical form, where the powder is confined.

9. A species of ordnance.

10. The clouds. Psalms 104:3.

11. Certain southern constellations which are hid from us.

The chambers of the south. Job 9:9.

CHAMBER-council, a private or secret council

CHAMBER-counsel, a counselor, who gives his opinion in a private apartment, but does not advocate causes in court.

CHAMBER,

CHAMBER, verb intransitive

1. To reside in or occupy as a chamber

2. To be wanton; to indulge in lewd or immodest behavior. Romans 13:1.

CHAMBER,

CHAMBER, verb transitive To shut up as in a chamber

Chamber-Fellow

CHAMBER-FELLOW, AMBER-FELLOW, noun One who sleeps in the same apartment.

Chamber-Lye

CHAMBER-LYE, noun Urine.

Chamber-Maid

CHAMBER-MAID,

CHAMBER-MAID, noun A woman who has the care of chambers, making the beds, and cleaning the rooms, or who dresses a lady and waits upon her in her apartment.

Chamber-Pot

CHAMBER-POT, noun A vessel used in bedrooms.

Chamber-Practice

CHAMBER-PRACTICE,

CHAMBER-PRACTICE, noun The practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court.

Chamberer

CHAMBERER,

CHAMBERER, noun One who intrigues, or indulges in wantonness.

Chambering

CHAMBERING,

CHAMBERING, noun Wanton, lewd, immodest behavior. Romans 13:13.