Christening – Circumligation

Christening

CHRISTENING, participle present tense The act or ceremony of baptizing and naming; initiation into the Christian religion.

Christian

CHRISTIAN, noun

1. A believer in the religion of Christ.

2. A professor of his belief in the religion of Christ.

3. A real disciple of Christ; one who believes in the truth of the christian religion, and studies to follow the example, and obey the precepts, of Christ; a believer in Christ who is characterized by real piety.

4. In a general sense, the word Christians includes all who are born in a christian country or of christian parents.

CHRISTIAN, adjective [See the Noun.]

1. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or received from him; as the christian religion; christian doctrines.

2. Professing the religion of Christ; as a christian friend.

3. Belonging to the religion of Christ; relating to Christ, or to his doctrines, precepts and example; as christian profession and practice.

4. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as courts christian

CHRISTIAN, verb transitive To baptize.

Christian-Name

CHRISTIAN-NAME, noun The name given in baptism, as distinct from the gentilitious or surname.

Christianism

CHRISTIANISM, noun

1. The Christian religion.

2. The nations professing Christianity.

Christianite

CHRISTIANITE, noun A newly discovered Vesuvian mineral; its primitive form is that of an oblique rectangular prism; its colors brown, yellow or reddish.

Christianlike

CHRISTIANLIKE, adjective Becoming a Christian.

Christianly

CHRISTIANLY, adverb In a Christian manner; in a manner becoming the principles of the Christian religion, or the profession of that religion.

Christianography

CHRISTIANOGRAPHY, noun A description of Christian nations.

Christmas

CHRISTMAS, noun

1. The festival of the Christian church observed annually on the 25th day of December, in memory of the birth of Christ, and celebrated by a particular church service. The festival includes twelve days

2. Christmas-day.

Christmas-Box

CHRISTMAS-BOX, noun A box in which little presents are deposited at Christmas.

Christmas-Day

CHRISTMAS-DAY, noun The twenty fifth day of December, when Christmas is celebrated.

Christmas-Flower

CHRISTMAS-FLOWER, noun Hellebore.

Christmas-Rose

CHRISTMAS-ROSE, noun A plant of the genus Helleborus, producing beautiful white flowers about Christmas.

Christs-Thorn

CHRISTS-THORN, noun The Rhamnus paliurus, a deciduous shrub, a native of Palestine and the South of Europe. It has two thorns at each joint, and is supposed to have been the sort of which the crown of thorns for our Savior was made.

Chroastaces

CHROASTACES, noun In natural history, a genus of pellucid gems, comprehending all those of variable colors, as viewed in different lights.

Chromate

CHROMATE, noun [See chrome.] A salt or compound formed by the chromic acid with a base.

Chromatic

CHROMATIC, adjective

1. Relating to color.

2. Noting a particular species of music, which proceeds by several semitones in succession.

Chromatically

CHROMATICALLY, adverb In the chromatic manner.

Chromatics

CHROMATICS, noun The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the properties of the colors of light and of natural bodies.

Chrome

CHROME, noun A metal consisting of a porous mass of agglutinated grains, very hard, brittle, and of a grayish white color. Its texture is radiated. In its highest degree of oxydation, it passes into the state of an acid, of a ruby red color. It takes its name from the various and beautiful colors which its oxyd and acid communicate to minerals into whose composition they enter. chrome is employed to give a fine deep green to the enamel of porcelain, to glass, etc.

The oxyd of chrome is of a bright grass green or pale yellow color.

Chromic

CHROMIC, adjective Pertaining to chrome, or obtained from it; as chromic acid.

CHROMIC yellow, the artificial chromate of lead, a beautiful pigment.

Chronic

CHRONIC,

CHRONICAL, adjective Continuing a long time, as a disease. A chronic disease is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedily terminates.

Chronical

CHRONICAL, a. Continuing a long time, as a disease. A chronic disease is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedily terminates.

Chronicle

CHRONICLE, noun [See Chronic.]

1. A historical account of facts or events disposed in the order of time. It is nearly synonymous with annals. In general, this species of writing is more strictly confined to chronological order, and is less diffuse than the form of writing called history.

2. In a more general sense, a history.

3. That which contains history.

Europe - her very ruins tell the history of times gone by, and every moldering stone is a chronicle

4. Chronicles, plural Two books of the Old Testament.

CHRONICLE, verb transitive To record in history, or chronicle; to record; to register.

Chronicler

CHRONICLER, noun A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; a historian.

Chronique

CHRONIQUE, noun A chronicle.

Chronogram

CHRONOGRAM, noun An inscription in which a certain date or epoch is expressed by numeral letters; as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632.

ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.

Chronogrammatic

CHRONOGRAMMATIC,

CHRONOGRAMMATICAL, adjective Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

Chronogrammatical

CHRONOGRAMMATICAL, a. Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

Chronogrammatist

CHRONOGRAMMATIST, noun A writer of chronograms.

Chronographer

CHRONOGRAPHER, noun One who writes concerning time or the events of time; a chronologer.

Chronography

CHRONOGRAPHY, noun The description of time past.

Chronologer

CHRONOLOGER,

CHRONOLOGIC,

CHRONOLOGICAL, adjective Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time.

Chronologic

CHRONOLOGIC,

Chronological

CHRONOLOGICAL, a. Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time.

Chronologically

CHRONOLOGICALLY, adverb In a chronological manner; in a manner according with the order of time, the series of events, or rules of chronology.

Chronologist

CHRONOLOGIST, noun [See Chronology.]

1. A person who attempts to discover the true dates of past events and transactions, and to arrange them under their proper years, or divisions of time, in the order in which they happened.

2. One who studies chronology, or is versed in the science.

Chronology

CHRONOLOGY, noun The science of time; the method of measuring, or computing time by regular divisions or periods, according to the revolutions of the sun, or moon; of ascertaining the true periods or years when past events or transactions took place; and arranging them in their proper order according to their dates.

If history without chronology is dark and confused; chronology without history is dry and insipid.

Chronometer

CHRONOMETER, noun Any instrument that measures time or that divides time into equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock, watch or dial; particularly an instrument that measures time with great exactness.

Chrysalid

CHRYSALID, noun [See Chrysalis.]

Chrysalis

CHRYSALIS, noun The particular form which butterflies, moths, and some other insects assume, before they arrive at their winged or perfect state. It is called also aurelia, from aurum, gold. In this form, the animal is in a state of rest or insensibility; having no organs for taking nourishment, nor wings, nor legs. The external covering is cartilaginous, and usually smooth and glossy; sometimes hairy. The name is taken from the yellow color of certain species; but they are of different colors, as green, black, etc.

Chrysoberyl

CHRYSOBERYL, noun A siliceous gem, of a dilute yellowish green color.

CHRYSOBERYL, the cymophane of Hauy, is a mineral usually found in round pieces, about the size of a pea; but it is also found crystalized in eight-sided prisms. It is next to the sapphire in hardness, and employed in jewelry.

Chrysocolla

CHRYSOCOLLA, noun Carbonate of copper, of two subspecies, the blue and the green; formerly called blue and green chrysocolla also mountain blue and mountain green. It occurs in crystals, stalactites and other forms.

Chrysolite

CHRYSOLITE, noun A mineral, called by Hauy and Brongniart, peridote and by Jameson, prismatic chrysolite Its prevailing color is some shade of green. It is harder than glass, but less hard than quartz; often transparent, sometimes only translucent. It occurs sometimes in crystals, sometimes in small amorphous masses or grains, and sometimes in rolled pieces.

Chrysoprase

CHRYSOPRASE, noun A mineral, a subspecies of quartz. Its color is commonly apple green, and often extremely beautiful. It is translucent, or sometimes semi-transparent; its fracture even and dull, sometimes a little splintery, sometimes smooth and slightly conchoidal; its harness a little inferior to that of flint.

Chub

CHUB, noun A river fish, called also cheven, of the genus Cyprinus. The body is oblong, nearly round; the head and back, green; the sides silvery, and the belly white. It frequents deep holes in rivers shaded by trees; but in warm weather floats near the surface, and furnishes sport for anglers. It is indifferent food.

Chub-Faced

CHUB-FACED, adjective Having a plump round face.

Chubbed

CHUBBED,

CHUBBY, adjective Like a chub; short and thick.

Chubby

CHUBBY, a. Like a chub; short and thick.

Chuck

CHUCK, verb intransitive To make the noise of a hen or partridge, when she calls her chickens.

CHUCK, verb transitive To call, as a hen her chickens.

CHUCK, verb intransitive To jeer; to laugh. [See Chuckle.]

CHUCK, verb transitive

1. To strike, or give a gentle blow; as, to chuck one under the chin.

2. To throw, with quick motion, a short distance; to pitch.

CHUCK, noun

1. The voice or call of a hen.

2. A sudden small noise.

3. A word of endearment, corrupted from chick, chicken.

Chuck-Farthing

CHUCK-FARTHING, noun A play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole.

Chuckle

CHUCKLE, verb transitive

1. To call, as a hen her chickens.

2. To fondle; to cocker.

CHUCKLE, verb intransitive To laugh heartily, or convulsively; to shake with laughter, or to burst into fits of laughter.

Chuckle-Head

CHUCKLE-HEAD, noun A vulgar word in America, denoting a person with a large head, a dunce. Bailey says, a rattling, noisy, empty fellow.

Chud

CHUD, verb transitive To champ; to bite.

Chuet

CHUET, noun Forced meat.

Chuff

CHUFF, noun A clown; a coarse, heavy, dull or surly fellow.

Chuffily

CHUFFILY, adverb In a rough, surly manner; clownishly.

Chuffiness

CHUFFINESS, noun Surliness.

Chuffy

CHUFFY, adjective Blunt; clownish; surly; angry; stomachful. In New England, this word expresses that displeasure which causes a swelling or surly look and grumbling, rather than heat and violent expressions of anger.

Chuk

CHUK, noun A word used in calling swine. It is the original name of that animal, which our ancestors brought with them from Persia, where it is still in use, Pers. chuk Zend, chuk a hog; Sans. Sugara. Our ancestors, while in England, adopted the Welsh hwc, hog, but chuck is retained in our popular name of woodchuck, that is, wood hog. This is a remarkable proof of the original seat of the Teutonic nations. I have taken chuk from Adelung. The French cochon may be the same word.

Chum

CHUM, noun A chamber-fellow; one who lodges or resides in the same room; a word used in colleges.

Chump

CHUMP, noun A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than a block.

Chunk

CHUNK, noun A short thick piece of wood. [Colloquial.]

Church

CHURCH, noun

1. A house consecrated to the worship of God, among Christians; the Lords house. This seems to be the original meaning of the word. The Greek, to call out or call together, denotes an assembly or collection. But, Lord, a term applied by the early Christians to Jesus Christ; and the house in which they worshipped was named from the title. So church goods, bona ecclesiastica; the Lords day, dies dominica.

2. The collective body of Christians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ, and acknowledge him to be the Savior of mankind. In this sense, the church is sometimes called the Catholic or Universal church

3. A particular number of Christians, united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies; as the English church; the Gallican church; the Presbyterian church; the Romish church; the Greek church

4. The followers of Christ in a particular city or province; as the church of Ephesus, or of Antioch.

5. The disciples of Christ assembled for worship in a particular place, as in a private house. Colossians 4:15.

6. The worshipers of Jehovah or the true God, before the advent of Christ; as the Jewish church

7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. Hence, ecclesiastical authority.

8. An assembly of sacred rulers convened in Christs name to execute his laws.

9. The collective body of Christians, who have made a public profession of the Christian religion, and who are untied under the same pastor; in distinction from those who belong to the same parish, or ecclesiastical society, but have made no profession of their faith.

CHURCH, verb transitive To perform with any one the office of returning thanks in the church after any signal deliverance, as from the dangers of childbirth.

Church-Ale

CHURCH-ALE, noun A wake or feast commemoratory of the dedication of the church.

Church-Attire

CHURCH-ATTIRE, noun The habit in which men officiate in divine service.

Church-Authority

CHURCH-AUTHORITY, noun Ecclesiastical power; spiritual jurisdiction.

Church-Bench

CHURCH-BENCH, noun The seat in the porch of a church.

Church-Burial

CHURCH-BURIAL, noun Burial according to the rites of the church.

Church-Discipline

CHURCH-DISCIPLINE, noun Discipline of the church, intended to correct the offenses of its members.

Church-Founder

CHURCH-FOUNDER, noun He that builds or endows a church.

Church-History

CHURCH-HISTORY, noun History of the Christian church; ecclesiastical history.

Church-Land

CHURCH-LAND, noun Land belonging to a church.

Church-Member

CHURCH-MEMBER, noun A member in communion with a church; a professor of religion.

Church-Music

CHURCH-MUSIC, noun

1. The service of singing or chanting in a church.

2. Music suited to church service.

Church-Warden

CHURCH-WARDEN, noun A keeper or guardian of the church, and a representative of the parish. Church-wardens are appointed by the minister, or elected by the parishioners, to superintend the church, its property and concerns, and the behavior of the parishioners. For these and many other purposes, they possess corporate powers.

Church-Way

CHURCH-WAY, noun The way, street or road that leads to the church.

Church-Work

CHURCH-WORK, noun Work carried on slowly.

Church-Yard

CHURCH-YARD, noun The ground adjoining to a church in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.

Churchdom

CHURCHDOM, noun The government or authority of the church.

Churching

CHURCHING, noun The act of offering thanks in church after childbirth.

Churchlike

CHURCHLIKE, adjective Becoming the church.

Churchman

CHURCHMAN, noun

1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman; one who ministers in sacred things.

2. An episcopalian, as distinguished from a presbyterian or congregationalist, etc.

Churchship

CHURCHSHIP, noun Institution of the church.

Churl

CHURL, noun

1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man.

2. A rustic; a countryman, or laborer.

3. A miser; a niggard. Isaiah 32:5.

Churlish

CHURLISH, adjective

1. Rude; surly; austere; sullen; rough in temper; unfeeling; uncivil.

2. Selfish; narrow-minded; avaricious.

3. [Of things.] Unpliant; unyielding; cross-grained; harsh; unmanageable; as churlish metal.

4. Hard; firm; as a churlish knot.

5. Obstinate; as a churlish war.

Churlishly

CHURLISHLY, adverb Rudely; roughly; in a churlish manner.

Churlishness

CHURLISHNESS, noun Rudeness of manners or temper, but generally the word refers to the temper or disposition of mind; sullenness; austerity; indisposition to kindness or courtesy.

Churly

CHURLY, adjective Rude; boisterous.

Churme

CHURME, or, CHIRM, noun Noise; clamor, or confused noise.

Churn

CHURN, noun A vessel in which cream or milk is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous and serous parts, to make butter.

CHURN, verb transitive

1. To stir or agitate cream for making butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued motion, as in the operation of making butter.

Churn-Staff

CHURN-STAFF, noun The staff or instrument used in churning.

Churned

CHURNED, participle passive Agitated; made into butter.

Churning

CHURNING, participle present tense Agitating to make butter; shaking; stirring.

CHURNING, noun

1. The operation of making butter from cream by agitation; a shaking or stirring.

2. As much butter as is made at one operation.

Churnworm

CHURNWORM, noun An insect that turns about nimbly, called also a fancricket.

Chuse

CHUSE, [See Choose.]

Chusite

CHUSITE, noun A yellowish mineral found by Saussure in the cavities of porphyries in the environs of Limbourg.

Chylaceous

CHYLACEOUS, adjective [See Chyle.] Belonging to chyle; consisting of chyle.

Chyle

CHYLE, noun In animal bodies, a white or milky fluid separated from aliments by means of digestion. It is absorbed by the lacteal vessels, by which it is conveyed into the circulation, assimilated into blood, and converted into nutriment.

Chylifaction

CHYLIFACTION, noun The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies.

Chylifactive

CHYLIFACTIVE, adjective Forming or changing into chyle; having the power to make chyle.

Chyliferous

CHYLIFEROUS, adjective [Latin] Transmitting chyle.

Chylopoetic

CHYLOPOETIC, adverb Chylifactive; having the power to change into chyle; making chyle.

Chylous

CHYLOUS, adjective Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it.

Chyme

CHYME, noun That particular modification which food assumes after it has undergone the action of the stomach.

Among the older authors, juice; chyle, or the finest part of the chyle contained in the lacteals and thoracic duct; any humor incrassated by concoction, whether fit or unfit for preserving and nourishing the body.

Chymic

CHYMIC, CHYMIST, CHYMISTRY. [See chimical, Chimist, Chimistry.]

Chymification

CHYMIFICATION, noun The process of becoming or of forming chyme.

Chymified

CHYMIFIED, participle passive Formed into chyme.

Chymify

CHYMIFY, verb transitive To form into chyme.

Chymist

CHYMIC, CHYMIST, CHYMISTRY. [See chimical, Chimist, Chimistry.]

Chymistry

CHYMIC, CHYMIST, CHYMISTRY [See chimical, Chimist, Chimistry.]

Cibarious

CIBARIOUS, adjective Pertaining to food; useful for food; edible.

Cibol

CIBOL, noun A sort of small onion.

Cicada

CICADA, noun The frog-hopper, or flea locust; a genus of insects of many species.

Cicatrice

CICATRICE, noun A scar; a little seam or elevation of flesh remaining after a wound or ulcer is healed.

Cicatricle

CICATRICLE, noun The germinating or fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the yolk of an egg; as, germinating cicatricle

Cicatrisive

CICATRISIVE, adjective Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix.

Cicatrix

CICATRIX,

CICATRIZANT, noun A medicine or application that promotes the formation of a cicatrix such as Armenian bole, powder of tutty, etc. It is called also an escharotic, epulotic, incarnative, agglutinant, etc.

Cicatrizant

CICATRIZANT, n. A medicine or application that promotes the formation of a cicatrix, such as Armenian bole, powder of tutty, &c. It is called also an escharotic, epulotic, incarnative, agglutinant, &c.

Cicatrization

CICATRIZATION, noun The process of healing or forming a cicatrix; or the state of being healed, cicatrized or skinned over.

Cicatrize

CICATRIZE, verb transitive To heal, or induce the formation of a cicatrix, in wounded or ulcerated flesh; or to apply medicines for that purpose.

CICATRIZE, verb intransitive To heal or be healed; to skin over; as wounded flesh cicatrizes.

Cicatrized

CICATRIZED, participle passive Healed, as wounded flesh; having a cicatrix formed.

Cicatrizing

CICATRIZING, participle present tense Healing; skinning over; forming a cicatrix.

Cicely

CICELY, noun A plant, a species of Chaerophyllum. The sweet cicely is a species of Scandix.

Cicerone

CICERONE, noun A guide; one who explains curiosities.

Ciceronian

CICERONIAN, adjective Resembling Cicero, either in style or action; in style, diffuse and flowing; in manner, vehement.

Ciceronianism

CICERONIANISM, noun Imitation or resemblance of the style or action of Cicero.

Cichoraceous

CICHORACEOUS, adjective Having the qualities of succory.

Cicisbeism

CICISBEISM, noun The practice of dangling about females.

Cicisbeo

CICISBEO, noun A dangler about females.

Cicurate

CICURATE, verb transitive To tame; to reclaim from wildness.

Cicuration

CICURATION, noun The act of taming wild animals.

Cicuta

CICUTA, noun Water-hemlock, a plant whose root is poisonous. This term was used by the ancients and by medical writers for the Conium maculatum, or common hemlock, the expressed juice of which was used as a common poison. Socrates and Phocion perished by it. It is now used medicinally in moderate doses, with good effect.

Cider

CIDER, noun The juice of apples expressed, a liquor used for drink. The word was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor; but it is now appropriated to the juice of apples, before and after fermentation.

Ciderist

CIDERIST, noun A maker of cider.

Ciderkin

CIDERKIN, noun The liquor made of the gross matter of apples, after the cider is pressed out, and a quantity of boiled water is added; the whole steeping forty eight hours.

Cierge

CIERGE, noun A candle carried in processions.

Cigar

CIGAR, noun A small roll of tobacco, so formed as to be tubular, used for smoking. Cigars are of Spanish origin.

Ciliary

CILIARY, adjective Belonging to the eyelids.

Ciliated

CILIATED, adjective In botany, furnished or surrounded with parallel filaments, or bristles, resembling the hairs of the eye-lids, as a ciliated leaf, etc.

Cilicious

CILICIOUS, adjective Made or consisting of hair.

Cima

CIMA, [See Cyma.]

Cimbal

CIMBAL, noun A kind of cake.

Cimbric

CIMBRIC, adjective Pertaining to the Cimbri, the inhabitants of the modern Jutland, in Denmark, which was anciently called the cimbric Chesonese. Hence the modern names, Cymru, Wales, Cambria; Cymro, a Welshman; Cymreig, Welsh, or the Welsh language; names indicating the Welsh to be a colony of the Cimbri or from the same stock.

CIMBRIC, noun The language of the Cimbri.

Cimiter

CIMITER, noun A short sword with a convex edge or recurvated point, used by the Persians and Turks.

Cimmerian

CIMMERIAN, adjective Pertaining to Cimmerium, a town at the mouth of the Palus Maeotis. The ancients pretended that this country was involved in darkness; whence the phrase cimmerian darkness, to denote a deep or continual obscurity. The country is now called Crimea, or Krim-Tartary.

Cimolite

CIMOLITE, noun A species of clay, used by the ancients, as a remedy for erysipelas and other inflammations. It is white, or a loose, soft texture, molders into a fine powder, and effervesces with acids. It is useful in taking spots from cloth. Another species, of a purple color, is the steatite or soap-rock. From another species, found in the isle of Wight, tobacco pipes are made.

Cinchona

CINCHONA, noun The Peruvian bark, quinquina, of which there are three varieties, the red, yellow and pale.

Cincture

CINCTURE, noun

1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body.

2. That which encompasses, or incloses.

3. In architecture, a ring or list at the top and bottom of a column, separating the shaft at one end from the base; at the other, from the capital. It is supposed to be in imitation of the girths or ferrils anciently used to strengthen columns.

Cinder

CINDER, noun

1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes; embers.

2. Small particles of matter, remaining after combustion, in which fire is extinct; as the cinders of a forge.

Cinder-Wench

CINDER-WENCH, WOMAN, noun A woman whose business is to rake into heaps of ashes for cinders.

Cineration

CINERATION, noun The reducing of any thing to ashes by combustion.

Cinereous

CINEREOUS, adjective Like ashes; having the color of the ashes of wood.

Cineritious

CINERITIOUS, adjective Having the color or consistence of ashes.

Cingle

CINGLE, noun A girth; but the word is little used. [See Surcingle.]

Cinnabar

CINNABAR, noun Red sulphuret of mercury. Native cinnabar is an ore of quicksilver, moderately compact, very heavy, and of an elegant striated red color. It is called native vermilion, and its chief use is in painting. The intensity of its color is reduced by bruising and dividing it into small parts. It is found amorphous, or under some imitative form, or crystalized. Factitious cinnabar is a mixture of mercury and sulphur sublimed, and thus reduced into a fine red glebe.

Cinnabarine

CINNABARINE, adjective Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.

Cinnamon

CINNAMON, noun The bark of two species of Laurus. The true cinnamon is the inner bark of the Laurus Cinnamomum, a native of Ceylon. The base cinnamon is from the Laurus Cassia. The true cinnamon is a most grateful aromatic, of a fragrant smell, moderately pungent taste, accompanied with some degree of sweetness and astringency. It is one of the best cordial, carminative and restorative spices. The essential oil is of great price.

CINNAMON stone, called by Hauy, Essonite, is a rare mineral from Ceylon, of a hyacinth red color, yellowish brown or honey yellow; sometimes used in jewelry.

CINNAMON-water, is made by distilling the bark, first infused in barley water, in spirit of wine, brandy or white wine.

Clove-cinnamon, is the bark of a tree growing in Brazil, which is often substituted for real cloves.

White-cinnamon, or Winters bark, is the bark of a tree, growing in the West Indies, of a sharp biting taste, like pepper.

Cinque

CINQUE, noun A five; a word used in games.

Cinque-Foil

CINQUE-FOIL, noun Five-leaved clover, a species of Potentilla.

Cinque-Pace

CINQUE-PACE, noun A kind of grave dance.

Cinque-Ports

CINQUE-PORTS, noun Five havens on the eastern shore of England, towards France, viz. Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich. To these ports, Winchelsea and Rye have been added. These were anciently deemed of so much importance, in the defense of the kingdom against an invasion from France, that they received royal grants of particular privileges, on condition of providing a certain number of ships in war at their own expense. Over these is appointed a warden, and each has a right to send two barons to Parliament.

Cinque-Spotted

CINQUE-SPOTTED, adjective Having five spots.

Cion

CION, noun A young shoot, twig or sprout of a tree, or plant, or rather the cutting of a twig, intended for ingrafting on another stock; also, the shoot or slip inserted in a stock for propagation.

Cious

VENEFI'CIAL, 'CIOUS, adjective [Latin veneficium.] Acting by poison; bewitching. [Little used.]

Cipher

CIPHER, noun

1. In arithmetic, an Arabian or Oriental character, of this form 0, which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the value of other figures, according to its position. In whole numbers, when placed at the right hand of a figure, it increases its value ten fold; but in decimal fractions, placed at the left hand of a figure, it diminishes the value of that figure ten fold.

2. A character in general.

3. An intertexture of letters, as the initials of a name, engraved on a seal, box, plate, coach or tomb; a device; an enigmatical character. Anciently, merchants and tradesmen, not being permitted to bear family arms, bore, in lieu of them, their cyphers, or initials of their names, artfully interwoven about a cross.

4. A secret or disguised manner of writing; certain characters arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more persons, to stand for letters or words, and understood only by the persons who invent, or agree to use them. This is a mode of communicating information by letters, in time of war, with a view to conceal facts from an enemy, in case the letters should be intercepted. This art has given rise to another art, that of decyphering; and hence cipher is used for a key to unravel the characters. To have, or to learn a cipher is to be able to interpret it.

CIPHER, verb intransitive In popular language, to use figures, or to practice arithmetic.

CIPHER, verb transitive

1. To write in occult characters.

2. To designate; to characterize.

Ciphering

CIPHERING, participle present tense

1. Using figures, or practicing arithmetic.

2. Writing in occult characters.

Cipolin

CIPOLIN, noun A green marble from Rome, containing white zones. It consists chiefly of carbonate of lime, with quartz, shistus, and a small portion of iron.

Circ

CIRC, [See Circus.]

Circean

CIRCEAN, adjective Pertaining to Circe, the fabled daughter of Sol and Perseis, who was supposed to possess great knowledge of magic and venomous herbs, by which she was able to charm and fascinate.

Circensian

CIRCENSIAN, adjective Pertaining to the Circus, in Rome, where were practiced games of various kinds, as running, wrestling, combats, etc. The circensian games accompanied most of the feasts of the Romans; but the grand games were held five days, commencing on the 15th of September.

Circinal

CIRCINAL, adjective Rolled in spirally downwards, the tip occupying the center; a term in foliation or leafing, as in ferns.

Circinate

CIRCINATE, verb transitive To make a circle; to compass.

Circination

CIRCINATION, noun An orbicular motion.

Circle

CIRCLE, noun

1. In geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve line, called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point called the center. Of course all lines drawn from the center to the circumference or periphery, are equal to each other.

2. In popular use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid matter of a round substance, are denominated a circle; a ring; an orb; the earth.

3. Compass; circuit; as the circle of the forest.

4. An assembly surrounding the principal person. Hence, any company, or assembly; as a circle of friends, or of beauties. Hence the word came to signify indefinitely a number of persons of a particular character, whether associated or not; as a political circle; the circle of ones acquaintance; having however reference to a primary association.

5. A series ending where it begins, and perpetually repeated; a going round.

Thus in a circle runs the peasants pain.

6. Circumlocution; indirect form of words.

7. In logic, an inconclusive form of argument, when the same terms are proved in orbem by the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alternately by each other, directly and indirectly; or when the foregoing proposition is proved by the following, and the following is inferred from the foregoing; as, that heavy bodies descend by gravity, and that gravity is a quality by which a heavy body descends.

8. Circles of the sphere, are such as cut the mundane sphere, and have their periphery either on its movable surface, as the meridians; or in another immovable, conterminous and equidistant surface, as the ecliptic, equator, and its parallels.

9. Circles of altitude or almucantars, are circles parallel to the horizon, having their common pole in the zenith, and diminishing as they approach the zenith.

10. Circles of latitude, are great circles perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles and through every star and planet.

11. Circles of longitude, are lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it.

12. circle of perpetual apparition, one of the lesser circles, parallel to the equator, described by any point of the sphere touching the northern point of the horizon, and carried about with the diurnal motion. The stars within this circle never set.

13. circle of perpetual occultation, another lesser circle at a like distance from the equator, which includes all the stars which never appear in our hemisphere.

14. Diurnal circles, are immovable circles supposed to be described by the several stars and other points in the heavens, in their diurnal rotation round the earth, or rather in the rotation of the earth round its axis.

15. Horary circles, in dialing, are the lines which show the hours on dials.

16. Circles of the empire, the provinces or principalities of the German empire, which have a right to be present at the diets. Maximilian I. divided the empire into six circles at first, and afterwards into ten; Austria, Burgundy, Lower Rhine, Bavaria, Upper Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Upper Rhine, Westphalia, and Lower Saxony.

17. Druidical circles, in British Topography, are certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged; as Stone-henge near Salisbury.

CIRCLE, verb transitive

1. To move round; to revolve round.

And other planets circle other suns.

2. To encircle; to encompass; to surround; to inclose.

3. To circle in, to confine; to keep together.

CIRCLE, verb intransitive To move circularly; as, the bowl circles; the circling years.

Circled

CIRCLED, participle passive Surrounded; encompassed; inclosed.

CIRCLED, adjective Having the form of a circle; round; as the moons circled orb.

Circler

CIRCLER, noun A mean poet, or circular poet.

Circlet

CIRCLET, noun A little circle; a circle; an orb.

Circling

CIRCLING, participle present tense Surrounding; going round; inclosing.

CIRCLING, adjective Circular; round.

Circocele

CIRCOCELE, noun A varix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein; a varicocele; hernia varicosa.

Circuit

CIRCUIT, noun

1. The act of moving or passing round; as the periodical circuit of the earth round the sun, or of the moon round the earth.

2. The space inclosed in a circle, or within certain limits.

3. Any space or extent measured by traveling round.

4. That which encircles; a ring; a diadem.

5. In England, the journey of judges through several counties or boroughs, for the purpose of holding courts. In the United States, the journey of judges through certain states or counties for the same purpose.

6. The counties or states in which the same judge or judges hold courts and administer justice. It is common to designate a certain number of counties to form a circuit and to assign one or more judges to each circuit The courts in the circuits are called circuit courts. In the government of the United States, a certain number of states form a circuit

7. A long deduction of reason.

8. In law, a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued for.

Bailey gives this as the definition of circuity.

CIRCUIT, verb intransitive To move in a circle; to go round.

CIRCUIT, verb transitive To move or go round.

Circuiteer

CIRCUITEER, noun One that travels a circuit.

Circuition

CIRCUITION, noun The act of going round; compass; circumlocution.

Circuitous

CIRCUITOUS, adjective Going round in a circuit; not direct; as a circuitous road or course.

Circuitously

CIRCUITOUSLY, adverb In a circuit.

Circuity

CIRCUITY, noun A going round; a course not direct.

Circular

CIRCULAR, adjective

1. In the form of a circle; round; circumscribed by a circle; spherical; as, the sun appears to be circular

2. Successive in order; always returning.

3. Vulgar; mean; circumforaneous; as a circular poet.

4. Ending in itself; used of a paralogism, where the second proposition at once proves the first, and is proved by it.

5. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; as a circular letter.

6. circular lines, such straight lines as are divided from the divisions made in the arch of a circle; as the lines of sines, tangents and secants, on the plain scale and sector.

7. circular numbers, are those whose powers terminate in the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.

8. circular sailing, is the method of sailing by the arch of a great circle.

CIRCULAR, noun A circular letter, or paper.

Circularity

CIRCULARITY, noun A circular form.

Circularly

CIRCULARLY, adverb In a circular manner; in the formof a circle; in the form of going and returning.

Circulate

CIRCULATE, verb intransitive

1. To move in a circle; to move or pass round; to move round and return to the same point; as, the blood circulates in the body.

2. To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money circulates in the country; a story circulates in town.

3. To move round; to run; to flow in veins or channels, or in an inclosed place; as, the sap of plants circulates; water circulates in the earth, or air in a city or house.

CIRCULATE, verb transitive To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to put about; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.

Circulation

CIRCULATION, noun

1. The act of moving round, or in a circle, or in a course which brings or tends to bring the moving body to the point where its motion began; as the circulation of the blood in the body.

2. A series in which the same order is preserved and things return to the same state.

3. The act of going and returning; or of passing from place to place, or from person to person; as the circulation of money.

4. Currency; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for coin.

5. In chimistry, circulation is an operation by which the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be returned and distilled several times.

Circulatorious

CIRCULATORIOUS, adjective Travelling in a circuit, or from house to house.

Circulatory

CIRCULATORY, adjective

1. Circular; as a circulatory letter.

2. Circulating.

CIRCULATORY, noun A chimical vessel, in which that which rises from the vessel on the fire is collected and cooled in another fixed upon it, and falls down again.

Circumambiency

CIRCUMAMBIENCY, noun The act of surrounding, or encompassing.

Circumambient

CIRCUMAMBIENT, adjective Surrounding; encompassing; inclosing or being on all sides; used particularly of the air about the earth.

Circumambulate

CIRCUMAMBULATE, verb intransitive To walk round about.

Circumambulation

CIRCUMAMBULATION, noun The act of walking round.

Circumcellion

CIRCUMCELLION, noun In church history, a set of illiterate peasants that adhered to the Donatists in the fourth century.

Circumcise

CIRCUMCISE, verb transitive To cut off the prepuce or foreskin of males; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and Mohammedan religions. The word is applied also to a practice among some nations of performing a like operation upon females.

Circumciser

CIRCUMCISER, noun The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin.

Circumcursation

CIRCUMCURSATION, noun The act of running about.

Circumduct

CIRCUMDUCT, verb transitive To contravene; to nullify; a term of civil law.

Circumduction

CIRCUMDUCTION, noun

1. A leading about.

2. An annulling; cancellation.

CIRCUMDUCTION, noun

1. A leading about.

2. An annulling; cancellation.

Circumfer

CIRCUMFER, verb transitive To bear or carry round.

Circumference

CIRCUMFERENCE, noun

1. The line that bounds a circle; the exterior line of a circular body; the whole exterior surface of a round body; a periphery.

2. The space included in a circle.

3. An orb; a circle; any thing circular or orbicular; as in Milton, speaking of a shield.

The broad circumference hung on his shoulders like the moon.

CIRCUMFERENCE, verb transitive To include in a circular space.

Circumferential

CIRCUMFERENTIAL, adjective Pertaining to the circumference.

Circumferentor

CIRCUMFERENTOR, noun An instrument used by surveyors for taking angles. It consists of a brass index, and circle, all of a piece; on the circle is a chart, divided into 360 degrees. There are also two sights to screw on and slide up and down the index; also a spangle and socket screwed on the back side of the circle to put the head of the staff in.

Circumflex

CIRCUMFLEX, noun In grammar, an accent serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an intermediate sound between acute and grave. It is a kind of undulation in the voice, but not used in English.

CIRCUMFLEX, verb transitive To mark or pronounce with the accent called a circumflex

Circumfluence

CIRCUMFLUENCE, noun A flowing round on all sides; an inclosure of waters.

Circumfluent

CIRCUMFLUENT, adjective Flowing round; surrounding as a fluid; as, circumfluent waves.

Circumfluous

CIRCUMFLUOUS, adjective Flowing round; encompassing as a fluid; circumfluent.

Circumforanean

CIRCUMFORANEAN,

CIRCUMFORANEOUS, adjective Going about; walking or wandering from house to house; as a circumforaneous fidler or piper; circumforaneous wits.

Circumforaneous musicians, male and female, are daily seen at the doors of hotels, in France; and sometimes they enter the room, where a company is dining, and entertain them with music; expecting a franc or a few sous as a reward.

Circumforaneous

CIRCUMFORANEOUS, a. Going about; walking or wandering from house to house; as a circumforaneous fidler or piper; circumforaneous wits. Circumforaneous musicians, male and female, are daily seen at the doors of hotels, in France; and sometimes they enter the room, where a company is dining, and entertain them with music; expecting a franc or a few sous as a reward.

Circumfuse

CIRCUMFUSE, verb transitive

1. To pour round; to spread round, as a fluid.

2. To spread round; to surround.

Circumfusile

CIRCUMFUSILE, adjective That may be poured or spread round; as, circumfusile gold.

Circumfusion

CIRCUMFUSION, noun [See Circumfuse.] The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being poured round.

Circumgestation

CIRCUMGESTATION, noun A carrying about.

Circumgyrate

CIRCUMGYRATE,

CIRCUMGYRATION, noun The act of turning, rolling or whirling round; the turning of a limb in its socket.

Circumgyration

CIRCUMGYRATION, n. The act of turning, rolling or whirling round; the turning of a limb in its socket.

Circumgyre

CIRCUMGYRE, verb transitive To roll or turn round.

Circumjacent

CIRCUMJACENT, adjective Lying round; bordering on every side.

Circumligation

CIRCUMLIGATION, noun The act of binding round; the bond with which any thing is encompassed.