Archbishop – Armhole

Archbishop

ARCHBISH'OP, noun A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.

Archbishopric

ARCHBISH'OPRIC, noun [Archbishop and ric, or rick, territory or jurisdiction.]

The jurisdiction or place of an archbishop; the province over which an archbishop exercises authority.

Archbotcher

ARCHBOTCH'ER, noun The chief botcher, or mender, ironically.

Archbuilder

ARCHBUILD'ER,

ARCHBUT'LER, noun A chief butler; an officer of the German empire, who presents the cup to the emperor, on solemn occasions. This office belongs to the king of Bohemia.

Archbutler

ARCHBUT'LER, n. A chief butler; an officer of the German empire, who presents the cup to the emperor, on solemn occasions. This office belongs to the king of Bohemia.

Archchamberlain

ARCHCHAMBERLAIN, noun A chief chamberlain; an officer of the German empire, whose office is similar to that of the great chamberlain in England. This office belongs to the elector of Brandenburg.

Archchancellor

ARCHCH'ANCELLOR, noun A chief chancellor; an officer in the German empire, who presides over the secretaries of the court. Under the first races of French kings, when Germany and Italy belonged to them, three archchancellors were appointed; and this institution gave rise to the three archchancellors now subsisting in German, who are the archbishops of Mentz, of Cologne, and of Treves.

Archchanter

ARCHCH'ANTER, noun The chief chanter, or president of the chanters of a church.

Archchimic

ARCHCHIM'IC, adjective Of supreme chimical powers.

Archconspirator

ARCHCONSPIR'ATOR, noun Principal conspirator.

Archcount

ARCHCOUNT', noun A chief count; a title formerly given to the earl of Flanders, on account of his great riches and power.

Archcritic

ARCHCRIT'IC, noun A chief critic.

Archdapifer

ARCHDAP'IFER, noun [Arch, chief, and Latin dapifer, a food-bearer, from daps, meat or a feast, and fero, to carry.]

An officer in the German empire, whose office is, at the coronation of the emperor, to carry the first dish of meat to table on horseback.

Archdeacon

ARCHDE'ACON, noun [See Deacon.]

In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the whole diocese. He is usually appointed by the bishop, and has an authority originally derived from the bishop, but now independent of him. He has a court, the most inferior of ecclesiastical courts, for hearing ecclesiastical causes, and the punishment of offenders by spiritual censures.

Archdeaconry

ARCHDE'ACONRY, noun The office, jurisdiction or residence of an archdeacon. In England, every diocese is divided into archdeaconries, of which there are sixty, and each archdeaconry into rural deaneries, and each deanery into parishes.

Archdeaconship

ARCHDE'ACONSHIP, noun The office of an archdeacon.

Archdivine

ARCHDIVI'NE, noun A principal theologian.

Archdruid

ARCHDRU'ID, noun [See Druid.] A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient druids.

Archducal

ARCHDU'CAL, adjective [See Archduke.] Pertaining to an archduke.

Archduchess

ARCHDUCH'ESS, noun [See Duchess.] A title given to the females of the house of Austria.

Archduchy

ARCHDUCH'Y, noun The territory of an archduke or archduchess.

Archduke

ARCHDU'KE, [See Duke.] A title given to princes of the House of Austria; all the sons being archdukes, and the daughters archduchesses.

Archdukedom

ARCHDU'KEDOM, noun The territory or jurisdiction of an archduke or archduchess.

Arched

'ARCHED, participle passive Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch.

Archenemy

ARCHEN'EMY, noun A principal enemy.

Archeological

ARCHEOLOG'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to a treatise or antiquity, or to the knowledge of ancient things.

Archeology

ARCHEOL'OGY, noun [Gr. ancient, and discourse.]

A discourse an antiquity; learning or knowledge which respects ancient times.

Archer

'ARCHER, noun [See Arch and Arc.]

A bowman; one who uses a bow in battle; one who is skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.

Archeress

'ARCHERESS, noun A female archer.

Archery

'ARCHERY, noun The use of the bow and arrow; the practice, art or skill of archers; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow.

Arches-Court

'ARCHES-COURT, in England, so called from the church of St. Mary le bow (de arcubus, ) whose top is raised of stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, the judge of which is called the dean of the arches. This court had jurisdiction over thirteen peculiar parishes in London, belonging to the archbishop of Cantebury; but the office of dean of the arches being united with that of the archbishop's principal office, the dean now receives and determines appeals from the sentence of all inferior courts within the province; and from him lies an appeal to the king in chancery. This and all the principal spiritual courts are now held at Doctors' Commons.

Archetypal

'ARCHETYPAL, adjective Original; constituting a model or pattern.

Archetype

'ARCHETYPE, noun [Gr. beginning, and form.]

1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made; as, a tree is the archetype or pattern of our idea of that tree.

2. Among minters, the standard weight, by which others are adjusted.

3. Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of God, before the creation.

Archeus

ARCHE'US, noun [Gr. beginning, or a chief.]

A term used by the ancient chimists, to denote the interal efficient cause of all things; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers; the power that presides over the animal economy, or the vis medicatrix; the active principle of the material world. In medicine, good health, or ancient practice.

Archfelon

ARCHFEL'ON, noun [See Felon.] A chief felon.

Archfiend

ARCHFIE'ND, noun [See Fiend.] A chief fiend or foe.

Archflamen

ARCHFLAM'EN, noun A chief flamen or priest.

Archflatterer

ARCHFLAT'TERER, noun [See Flatter.] A chief flatterer.

Archfoe

ARCHFO'E, noun [See Foe.] A grand or chief enemy.

Archfounder

ARCHFOUND'ER, noun A chief founder.

Archgovernor

ARCHGOV'ERNOR, noun The chief governor.

Archheresy

ARCHHER'ESY, noun [See Heresy.] The greatest heresy.

Archheretic

ARCHHER'ETIC, noun A chief heretic.

Archhierey

ARCHHI'EREY, noun [Gr. chief, and priest.] A chief priest in Russia.

Archhypocrite

ARCHHYP'OCRITE, noun A great or chief hypocrite.

Archiater

ARCH'IATER, noun [Gr. chief, and physician.] Chief physician; a word used in Russia.

Archical

ARCH'ICAL, adjective Chief; primary.

Archidiaconal

ARCHIDIAC'ONAL, adjective [See Deacon.]

Pertaining to an archdeacon; as an archidiaconal visitation.

Archiepiscopal

ARCHIEPIS'COPAL, adjective [See Episcopal.]

Belonging to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see.

Archil

'ARCHIL, noun A lichen, which grows on rocks, in the Canary and Cape de Verd isles, which yields a rich purple color, not durable, but very beautiful. It is bruised between stones, and moistened with strong spirit of urine mixed with quick lime. It first takes a purplish red color, and then turns to blue. In the first state it is called archil; and in the second, lacmas or litmase, litmus.

Archilochian

ARCHILO'CHIAN, adjective Pertaining to Archilochus, the poet, who invented a verse of seven feet, the first four dactyls or spondees, the last three, trochees.

Archilute

'ARCHILUTE, noun

A large lute, a theorbo, the base-strings of which are doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.

Archimagus

'ARCHIMAGUS, noun [See Magician.] The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.

Archimandrite

ARCHIMAND'RITE, noun [from mandrite, a Syriac word for monk.]

In church history, a chief of the mandrites or monks, answering to abbot in Europe.

Arching

'ARCHING, participle present tense Forming an arch; covering with an arch.

'ARCHING, adjective Curving like an arch.

Archipelago

ARCHIPEL'AGO, noun [Authors are not agreed as to the origin of this word. Some suppose it to be compounded of Gr. chief, and sea; others of the Egean sea.]

In a general sense, a sea interspersed with many isles; but particularly the sea which separates Europe from Asia, otherwise called the Egean Sea. It contains the Grecian isles, called Cyclades and Sporades.

Architect

'ARCHITECT, noun [Gr. chief, and a workman. See Technical.]

1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers employed.

2. A contriver; a former or maker.

Architective

ARCHITECT'IVE, adjective Used in building; proper for building.

Architectonic

ARCHITECTON'IC, adjective That has power or skill to build.

Architectonics

ARCHITECTON'ICS, noun The science of architecture.

Architectress

ARCHITECT'RESS, noun A female architect.

Architectural

ARCHITECT'URAL, adjective Pertaining to the art of building; that is according to the rules of architecture.

Architecture

'ARCHITECTURE, noun [Latin architectura.]

1. The art of building; but in a more limited and appropriate sense, the art of constructing houses, bridges and other buildings for the purposes of civil life.

2. Frame or structure.

The earth is a piece of divine architecture

Military architecture is the art of fortification.

Naval architecture is the art of building ships.

Architrave

'ARCHITRAVE, noun [Gr. chief, and Latin trabs, a beam.]

In architecture, the lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column. It probably represents the beam which, in ancient buildings, extended from column to column, to support the roof.

In chimneys, the architrave is called the mantle piece; and over doors and windows, the hyperthyrion.

Archival

'ARCHIVAL, adjective [See Archives.] Pertaining to archives or records; contained in records.

Archivault

'ARCHIVAULT, noun [arch, chief, and vault.]

In building, the inner contour of an arch, or a band adorned with moldings, running over the faces of the arch-stones, and bearing upon the imposts. It has only a single face in the Tuscan order; two faces crowned in the Doric and Ionic, and the same moldings, as the architrave, in the Corinthian and Composite.

Archives

'ARCHIVES, noun plural [Gr.; Low Latin archivum.]

The apartment in which records are kept; also the records and papers which are preserved, as evidences of facts.

Archivist

'ARCHIVIST, noun The keeper of archives or records.

Archlike

'ARCHLIKE, adjective Built like an arch.

Archlute

'ARCHLUTE,

'ARCHLY, adverb Shrewdly; wittily; jestingly.

Archly

'ARCHLY, adv. Shrewdly; wittily; jestingly.

Archmagician

ARCHMAGI'CIAN, noun The chief magician.

Archmarshal

ARCHMAR'SHAL, noun The grand marshal of the German empire; a dignity belonging to the elector of Saxony.

Archness

'ARCHNESS, noun Cunning; shrewdness; waggishness.

Archon

'ARCHON, noun [Gr. a prince.]

The archons in Greece were chief magistrates chosen, after the death of Codrus, from the most illustrious families, to superintend civil and religious concerns. They were nine in number; the first was properly the archon; the second was called king; the third, polemarch, or general of the forces. The other six were called thesmothetae, or legislators.

Archonship

'ARCHONSHIP, noun The office of an archon; or the term of his office.

Archontics

ARCHON'TICS, noun In church history, a branch of the Valentinians, who held that the world was not created by God, but by angels, archontes.

Archpastor

ARCHP'ASTOR, noun Chief pastor, the shepherd and bishop of our souls.

Archphilosopher

ARCHPHILOS'OPHER, noun A chief philosopher.

Archpillar

ARCHPIL'LAR, noun The main pillar.

Archpoet

ARCHPO'ET, noun The principal poet.

Archpolitician

ARCHPOLITI'CIAN, noun [See Policy.] An eminent or distinguished politician.

Archpontiff

ARCHPON'TIFF, noun [See Pontiff.] A supreme pontiff or priest.

Archprelate

ARCHPRE'LATE, noun [See Prelate.] The chief prelate.

Archpresbyter

ARCHPRES'BYTER, noun [See Presbyter.] a chief presbyter or priest.

Archpresbytery

ARCHPRES'BYTERY, noun The absolute dominion of presbytery, or the chief presbytery.

Archpriest

ARCHPRIE'ST, noun [See Priest.] A chief priest.

Archprimate

ARCHPRI'MATE, noun The chief primate; an archbishop

Archprophet

ARCHPROPH'ET, noun Chief prophet.

Archprotestant

ARCHPROT'ESTANT, noun A principal or distinguished protestant.

Archpublican

ARCHPUB'LICAN, noun The distinguished publican.

Archrebel

ARCHREB'EL, noun The chief rebel

Archtraitor

ARCHTRA'ITOR, noun A principal traitor.

Archtreasurer

ARCHTREAS'URER, noun [See Treasure.]

The great treasurer of the German empire; a dignity claimed by the elector of Hanover.

Archtreasurership

ARCHTREAS'URERSHIP, noun The office of archtreasurer.

Archtyrant

ARCHTY'RANT, noun A principal or great tyrant.

Archvillain

ARCHVIL'LAIN, noun [See Villain.] A chief or great villain.

Archvillany

ARCHVIL'LANY, noun Great villany.

Archwise

'ARCHWISE, adverb [arch and wise. See wise.] In the form of an arch.

Arctation

ARCTA'TION,

ARC'TIC, adjective [Gr. a bear, and a northern constellation so called.]

Northern; pertaining to the northern constellation, called the bear; as, the arctic pole, circle, region or sea.

The arctic circle is a lesser circle parallel to the equator, 23 degrees 28' from the north pole. this, and the antarctic circle, are called the polar circles, and within these lie the frigid zones.

Arctic

ARC'TIC, a. [Gr. a bear, and a northern constellation so called.] Northern; pertaining to the northern constellation, called the bear; as, the arctic pole, circle, region or sea.The arctic circle is a lesser circle parallel to the equator, 23 degrees 28' from the north pole. this, and the antarctic circle, are called the polar circles, and within these lie the frigid zones.

Arctitude

ARC'TITUDE, noun [Latin artus, tight.] Preternatural straightness; constipation from inflammation.

Arctizite

'ARCTIZITE, noun A mineral, now called Wernerite.

Arcturus

ARCTU'RUS, noun [Gr. a bear, and tail.] A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes.

Arcuate

'ARCUATE, adjective [Latin arcuatus. See Arc.] Bent or curved in the form of a bow.

Arcuation

ARCUA'TION, noun

1. The act of bending; incurvation; the state of being bent; curvity; crookedness; great convexity of the thorax.

2. A method of raising trees by layers; that is, by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth, three inches deep upon the joints; making a basin of earth to hold the water. When these have taken root, they are removed into a nursery.

Arcubalist

'ARCUBALIST, noun [Latin arcus, a bow, and balista, an engine for throwing stones.] A cross-bow.

Arcubalister

ARCUBALIS'TER, noun A cross-bowman; one who used the arbalist.

Ard

'ARD, The termination of many English words. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper; Giffard, a disposition to give, liberality; Bernard, flial affection; standard, drunkard, dotard, etc.

Ardency

'ARDENCY, noun [Latin ardens, from ardeo, to burn.]

Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or zeal.

Ardent

'ARDENT, adjective

1. Hot; burning; that causes sensation of burning; as, ardent spirits, that is distilled spirits; an ardent fever.

2. Having the appearance of quality of fire; fierce; as ardent eyes.

3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; affectionate; much engaged; zealous; as, ardent love or vows; ardent zeal.

Ardently

'ARDENTLY, adverb With warmth; affectionately; passionately.

Ardentness

'ARDENTNESS, noun Ardency.

Ardor

'ARDOR, noun [Latin]

1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays.

2. Warmth, or heat, applied to the passions and affections; eagerness; as, he pursues study with ardor; they fought with ardor

Milton uses the word for person or spirit bright and effulgent, but by an unusual license.

Arduous

ARDUOUS, adjective [Latin arduus.]

1. High, lofty, in a literal sense; as, arduous paths.

2. Difficult; attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise.

Arduously

'ARDUOUSLY, adverb In an arduous manner; with laboriousness.

Arduousness

'ARDUOUSNESS, noun Height; difficulty of execution.

Are

ARE. The plural of the substantive verb; but a different word from be, am or was. It is usually pronounced ar.

ARE, noun [Latin] In France, a measure, the new square perch, containing a hundred square meters, a little less than two square perches of 22 feet, in the ancient measure.

Area

A'REA, noun [Latin I suspect this to be contracted from Heb. from a root which signifies to reach, stretch, lay or spread.]

1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a room, of a church or other building, or of the ground.

2. The space or site on which a building stands; or of any inclosure.

3. In geometry, the superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; as the area of a square or a triangle.

4. Among physicians, baldness; an empty space; a bald space produced by alopeey; also a name of the disease.

5. In mining, a compass of ore allotted to diggers.

Aread

AREA'D,

A'REAL, adjective Pertaining to an area; as areal interstices.

Areal

A'REAL, a. Pertaining to an area; as areal interstices.

Areed

AREE'D, verb transitive To counsel; to advise. obsolete

Areek

AREE'K, adverb In a reeking condition. [See Reek.]

Arefaction

AREFAC'TION, noun [Latin arefacio, to dry, from aero.] The act of drying; the state of growing dry.

Arefy

AR'EFY, verb transitive To dry or make dry.

Arena

ARE'NA, noun [Latin sand.]

1. An open space of ground strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient Rome, exhibited shows of fighting for the amusement of spectators. Hence, a place for public exhibition.

2. Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys.

Arenaceous

ARENA'CEOUS, adjective [from arena, sand.]

1. Sandy; having the properties of sand.

2. Brittle; as arenaceous limestone.

Arenation

ARENA'TION, noun Among physicians, a sand bath; a sprinkling of hot sand upon a diseased person.

Arendalite

AREN'DALITE, noun In mineralogy, another name of epidote, or pistacite; epidote being the name given to it by Hauy, and pistacite by Werner. [See Epidote.]

Arendator

ARENDA'TOR, noun

In Livonia and other provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents; one who contracts with the crown for the rents of the farms. He who rents an estate belonging to the crown, is called Crownarendator. Arende is a term used both for the estate let to farm, and the sum for which it is rented.

Arenilitic

ARENILIT'IC, adjective [arena, sand, and a stone.]

Pertaining to sand stone; consisting of sand stone; as arenilite mountains.

Arenose

ARENO'SE,

AR'ENOUS, adjective Sandy; full of sand.

Arenous

AR'ENOUS, a. Sandy; full of sand.

Areola

AREO'LA, noun [Latin] The colored circle round the nipple or round a pustule.

Areole

AR'EOLE,

AREOM'ETER, noun [Gr. rare, thin, and to measure.]

An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

Areometer

AREOM'ETER, n. [Gr. rare, thin, and to measure.] An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.

Areometrical

AREOMET'RICAL, adjective Pertaining to an areometer.

Areometry

AREOM'ETRY, noun The measuring or act of measuring the specific gravity of fluids.

Areopagite

AREOP'AGITE, noun A member of the Areopagus, which see.

Acts 17:34.

Areopagitic

AREOPAGIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Areopagus.

Areopagus

AREOP'AGUS, noun [Gr. Mars, and hills.]

A sovereign tribunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality of its decisions. It was originally held on a hill in the city; but afterward removed to the Royal Portico, an open square, where the judges sat in the open air, inclosed by a cord. Their sessions were in the night, that they might not be diverted by objects of sight, or influenced by the presence and action of the speakers. By a law of Solon, no person could be a member of this tribunal, until he had been archon or chief magistrate. This court took cognizance of high crimes, impiety and immorality, and watched over the laws and the public treasury.

Areotic

AREOT'IC, adjective [Gr. thin.] Attenuating; making thin, as in liquids; rarefying.

AREOT'IC, noun A medicine, which attenuates the humors, dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspiration; an attenuant.

Aretology

ARETOL'OGY, noun [Gr. virtue, and discourse.]

That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature and the means of attaining to it. [Little used.]

Argal

'ARGAL, noun Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adhering to the sides of wine casks.

Argean

ARGE'AN, adjective Pertaining to Argo or the Ark.

Argent

'ARGENT, noun [Latin argentum; Gr. silver, from white.]

1. The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness.

2. adjective Silvery; of a pale white, like silver.

3. adjective Bright.

Ask of yonder argent fields above.

Argent-Horned

'ARGENT-HORNED, adjective Silver horned.

Argental

ARGENT'AL, adjective Pertaining to silver; consisting of silver; containing silver; combined with silver; applied to the native amalgam of silver, as argental mercury.

Argentate

'ARGENTATE, noun A combination of the argentic acid with another substance.

Argentation

ARGENTA'TION, noun An overlaying with silver.

Argentic

ARGENT'IC, adjective Pertaining to silver; the argentic acid is a saturated combination of silver and oxygen. This is yet hypothetical.

Argentiferous

ARGENTIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin argentum, silver, and fero, to produce.] Producing silver; as argentiferous ore.

Argentina

ARGENTI'NA,

'ARGENTINE, noun In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the order of abdominals.

Argentina is also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed.

'ARGENTINE, adjective Like silver; pertaining to silver, or sounding like it.

'ARGENTINE, noun In mineralogy, a subspecies of carbonate of lime, nearly pure; a mineral of a lamellated or slaty structure; its lamens usually curved or undulated; its surface is shining, or of a pearly luster. It is found in primitive rocks, and frequently in metallic veins.

Argentine

'ARGENTINE, n. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of the order of abdominals. Argentina is also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed.

Argil

'ARGIL, noun A species of the Ardea, or genus of cranes.

'ARGIL, noun [Latin argilla, white clay, from Gr. white.]

In a general sense, clay, or potter's earth; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alumine.

Argillaceous

ARGILLA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin argillaceus.] Partaking of the nature of clay; clayey; consisting of argil.

Argilliferous

ARGILLIF'EROUS, adjective [Latin argilla, clay, and fero, to produce.] Producing clay; applied to such earths as abound with argil.

Argillite

'ARGILLITE, noun Argillaceous shist or slate; clay-slate. Its usual color is bluish, greenish or blackish gray.

Argillitic

ARGILLIT'IC, adjective Pertaining to argillite.

Argillocalcite

ARGILLOCAL'CITE, noun [of argilla, clay, and calx, calcarious earth.]

A species of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay.

Argillomurite

ARGILLOMU'RITE, noun [of argilla, clay, and muria, brine or salt water; magnesia being obtained from sea-salt.]

A species of earth consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, alumine and lime; a variety of Magnesite.

Argillous

ARGIL'LOUS, adjective Consisting of clay; clayey; parting of clay; belonging to clay.

Argive

'ARGIVE, adjective Designating what belongs to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were called Argivi. This name however is used by the poets for the Greeks in general.

Argo

ARGO, noun The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the golden fleece.

Argo-Navis

ARGO-NAVIS, The ship Argo, is a constellation in the southern hemisphere, whose stars, in the British catalogue, are sixty-four.

Argoan

ARGO'AN, adjective Pertaining to the ship Argo.

Argolic

ARGOL'IC, adjective Belonging to Argolis, a territory or district of Peloponnese, between Arcadia and the Egean sea; as the argolic Gulf.

Argolics

ARGOL'ICS, noun The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which treats of Argolis.

Argonaut

ARGONAUT, noun [of Jason's ship, and a sailor.]

One of the persons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece.

Argonauta

ARGONAUT'A, noun [See Argonaut.]

A genus of shell-fish, of the order of vermes testacea. The shell consists of one spiral involuted valve. There are several species; one of which is the Argo, with a subdentated carina, the famous nautilus, which, when it sails, extends two of its arms, spreading a membrane, which serves for a sail, and six other arms are thrown out, for rowing or steering.

Argonautic

ARGONAUT'IC, adjective Pertaining to the Argonauts, or to their voyage to Colchis; as the argonautic story.

Argonautics

ARGONAUT'ICS, noun A poem on the subject of Jason's voyage, or the expedition of the Argonauts; as, the argonautics of Orpheus, of V. Flaccus, and of Apollonius Rhodius.

Argosy

'ARGOSY, noun A large merchantman; a carrac.

Argue

'ARGUE, verb intransitive [Latin arguo, to show, argue accuse or convict.]

1. To reason; to invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion or measure; as, A argues in favor of a measure; B argues against it.

2. To dispute; to reason with; followed by with; as, you may argue with your friend, a week, without convincing him.

'ARGUE, verb transitive

1. To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel argued the cause before the supreme court; the cause was well argued.

2. To prove or evince; to manifest by inference or deduction; or to show reasons for; as, the order visible in the universe argues a divine cause.

3. To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different opinion.

4. Formerly, to accuse or charge with; a Latin sense, now obsolete; as, to argue one of profaneness.

Argued

'ARGUED, participle passive Debated; discussed; evinced; accused.

Arguer

'ARGUER, noun One who argues; a reasoner; a disputer; a controvertist.

Arguing

'ARGUING, participle present tense Inventing and offering reasons; disputing; discussing; evincing; accusing.

'ARGUING, noun Reasoning; argumentation.

What doth your arguing reprove? Job 6:25.

Argument

'ARGUMENT, noun [Latin argumentum.]

1. A reason offered for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure; a reason offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; followed by for or against.

2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, which are indisputable, or at least of probable truth.

3. The subject of a discourse or writing.

4. An abstract or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects.

5. A debate or discussion; a series of reasoning; as, an argument was had before the court, in which argument all the reasons were urged.

6. In astronomy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, proportional to the first.

Argumental

ARGUMENT'AL, adjective Belonging to argument; consisting in argument.

Argumentation

ARGUMENTA'TION, noun Reasoning; the act of reasoning; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion. The operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.

Argumentative

ARGUMENT'ATIVE, adjective

1. Consisting of argument; containing a process of reasoning; as an argumentative discourse.

2. Showing reasons for; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator.

Argumentatively

ARGUMENT'ATIVELY, adverb In an argumentative manner.

Argus

'ARGUS, noun A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard Io. The origin of this being may perhaps be found in the Teutonic word arg, crafty, cunning, of which the hundred eyes are symbolical.

Argus-Shell

ARGUS-SHELL, noun A species of porcelain-shell, beautifully variegated with spots, resembling, in some measure, a peacock's tail.

Argute

ARGU'TE, adjective [Latin argutus.] Sharp; shrill; witty. [Little used.]

Arguteness

ARGU'TENESS, noun Acuteness; wittiness. [Little used.]

Arian

A'RIAN, adjective Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century; or to his doctrines.

A'RIAN, noun One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be a created being, inferior to God the father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all created beings; and also that the Holy Spirit is not God, but created by the power of the Son.

Arianism

A'RIANISM, noun The doctrines of the Arians.

Arianize

A'RIANIZE, verb intransitive To admit the tenets of the Arians.

Arid

AR'ID, adjective [Latin aridus, dry, from areo, to be dry.]

Dry; exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; as an arid waste.

Aridas

AR'IDAS, noun A kind of taffeta, from the East Indies, made of thread, from certain plants.

Aridity

ARID'ITY,

AR'IDNESS, noun

1. Dryness; a state of being without moisture.

2. A dry state of the body; emaciation; the withering of a limb.

Aridness

AR'IDNESS, n. 1. Dryness; a state of being without moisture.2. A dry state of the body; emaciation; the withering of a limb.

Aries

A'RIES, noun [Latin from the Celtic.

The ram, a constellation of fixed stars, drawn on the globe, in the figure of a ram. It is the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of March.

Arietate

AR'IETATE, verb intransitive [Latin arieto, from aries.]

To butt, as a ram. [Not used.]

Arietation

ARIETA'TION, noun

1. The act of battering with the aries or battering ram.

2. The act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.]

Arietta

ARIET'TA, noun A short song; an air, or little air.

Aright

ARI'GHT, adverb [a and right.]

Rightly; in a right form; without mistake or crime.

Aril

AR'IL,

AR'ILLATED,

AR'ILLED, adjective Having an exterior covering or aril as coffee.

Arillated

AR'ILLATED,

Arilled

AR'ILLED, a. Having an exterior covering or aril, as coffee.

Arillus

ARIL'LUS, noun The exterior coat or covering of a seed, fixed to it at the base only, investing it wholly or partially, and falling off spontaneously; by some writers called, from the Greek, Calyptra. It is either succulent, or cartilaginous; colored, elastic, rough or knotted.

Arima

AR'IMA,

AH'RIMAN, noun

The evil genius or demon of the Persians; opposed to yezad, yezdan, ormozed, or hormizda, the good demon. The ancient magi held, that there are two deities or principles; one the author of all good, eternally absorbed in light; the other, the author of all evil, forever buried in darkness; or the one represented by light; the other by darkness. The latter answers to the loke of the Scandinavians, whose Celtic name, lock, signifies darkness. Originally, the Persians held these demons or principles to be equal, and from all eternity; by the moderns maintain that the evil principle is an inferior being. So the devil is called the prince of darkness.

Ariman

AR'IMAN,

ARIOLA'TION,

HARIOLA'TION, noun [Latin ariolus or hariolus, a sooth sayer.]

A soothsaying; a foretelling.

Arioso

ARIO'SO, adjective Light; airy.

But according to Rousseau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bordering on the majestic style of a capital air.

Arise

ARI'SE, verb intransitive s as z preterit tense arose; participle passive arisen; Heb.

1. To ascend, mount up or move to a higher place; as, vapors arise from humid places.

2. To emerge from below the horizon; as, the sun or a star arises or rises.

3. To get out of bed; to leave the place or state of rest; or to leave a sitting or lying posture.

The king arose early and went to the den. Daniel 6:1.

4. To begin; to spring up; to originate.

A persecution arose about Stephen. Acts 11:7.

5. To revive from death; to leave the grave.

Many bodies of saints arose. Math. 27.

Figuratively, to wake from a state of sin and stupidity; to repent.

Arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee life.

Ephesians 5:14.

6. To begin to act; to exert power; to move from a state of inaction.

7. To appear, or become known; to become visible, sensible or operative.

To you shall the sun of righteousness arise Math. 4.

8. To be put in motion; to swell or be agitated; as, the waves arose.

9. To be excited or provoked; as, the wrath of the king shall arise

10. To emerge from poverty, depression or distress.

By whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. Amos 7:2.

11. To appear in a particular character; to enter upon an office.

There arose a new king who knew not Joseph. Exodus 1:1.

12. To begin sedition, insurrection, or mutiny; as, the men arose, or rose upon their officers.

13. To invade, assault or begin hostility; followed by against.

When he arose against me, I caught him by the beard.

1 Samuel 17:1.

In this sense, the word against really belongs to the verb, and is necessary to give it this meaning. [See Rise, another form of this verb, which has the same signification, and is more generally used in popular language.]

Arising

ARI'SING, participle present tense Ascending; moving upward; originating or proceeding; getting up; springing up; appearing.

Arista

ARIST'A, noun [Latin] In botany, awn, the long pointed beard which issues from the husk, or scaly flower cup of the grasses, called the glume.

Aristarchy

ARISTAR'CHY, noun [Gr. best, and rule.]

A body of good men in power, or government by excellent men.

Aristocracy

ARISTO'CRACY, noun [Gr. best, and to hold or govern.]

A form of government, in which the whole supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state; or in a few men distinguished by their rank and opulence. When the supreme power is exercised by a small number, the government is called an oligarchy. The latter word however is usually applied to a corrupted form of aristocracy

Aristocrat

ARIST'OCRAT, noun One who favors an aristocracy in principle or practice; one who is a friend to an aristocratical form of government.

Aristocratic

ARISTOCRAT'IC,

ARISTOCRAT'ICAL, adjective

1. Pertaining to aristocracy; consisting in a government of nobles, or principal men; as an aristocratic constitution.

2. Partaking of aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners.

Aristocratical

ARISTOCRAT'ICAL, a. 1. Pertaining to aristocracy; consisting in a government of nobles, or principal men; as an aristocratic constitution.2. Partaking of aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners.

Aristocratically

ARISTOCRAT'ICALLY, adverb In an aristocratical manner.

Aristocraticalness

ARISTOCRAT'ICALNESS, noun The quality of being aristocratical.

Aristotelian

ARISTOTE'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Aristotle, a celebrated philosopher, who was born at Stagyra, in Macedon, about 384 years before Christ. The aristotelian philosophy is otherwise called peripatetic.

ARISTOTE'LIAN, noun A follower of Aristotle, who was a disciple of Plato, and founded the sect of peripatetics. [See Peripatetic.]

Aristotelianism

ARISTOTE'LIANISM, noun The philosophy or doctrines of Aristotle.

Aristotelic

ARISTOTEL'IC, adjective Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.

The pernicious effects of the aristotelic system.

Arithmancy

AR'ITHMANCY, noun [Gr. number, and divination.]

Divination or the foretelling of future events by the use or observation of numbers.

Arithmetic

ARITH'METIC, noun [Gr. to number, the art of numbering, from number; from number, rhythm, order, agreement.]

The science of numbers, or the art of computation. The various operations of arithmetic are performed by addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Arithmetical

ARITHMET'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic.

Arithmetically

ARITHMET'ICALLY, adverb According to the rules, principles or method arithmetic.

Arithmetician

ARITHMETI'CIAN, noun One skilled in arithmetic, or versed in the science of numbers.

Ark

'ARK, noun [Latin arca.]

1. A small close vessel, chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the tables of the covenant among the Jews. This was about three feet nine inches in length. The lid was the propitiatory, or mercy seat, over which were the cherubs. The vessel in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrushes.

2. The large floating vessel, in which Noah and his family were preserved, during the deluge.

3. A depository.

Arise, O Lord, into thy rest, thou and the ark of thy strength. Psalms 132:8.

4. A large boat used on American rivers, to transport produce to market.

Arkite

'ARKITE, noun A term used by Bryant to denote one of the persons who were preserved in the ark; or who, according to pagan fables, belonged to the ark.

'ARKITE, adjective Belonging to the ark.

Arktizite

'ARKTIZITE,

'ARM, noun [Latin armus, an arm, a shoulder, a wing; armus is directly from the Gr. a joint, it would seem to be formed from Gr. to fit.]

1. The limb of the human body, which extends from the shoulder to the hand.

2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. The limbs of animals are also sometimes called arms.

3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea.

4. Figuratively, power, might, strength; as the secular arm. In this sense the word is often used in the scriptures.

To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed. Isaiah 53:1.

'ARM, verb transitive [Latin armo; arma.]

1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense, or defense; as, to arm the militia.

2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security; as, to arm the hilt of a sword.

3. To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify.

Arm yourselves with the same mind. 1 Peter 4:1.

'ARM, verb intransitive To provide with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms; as, the nations arm for war.

This verb is not really intransitive in this use, but reciprocal, the pronoun being omitted. The nations arm - for, the nations arm themselves.

Arm

'ARM, n. [L. armus, an arm, a shoulder, a wing; armus is directly from the Gr. a joint, it would seem to be formed from Gr. to fit.] 1. The limb of the human body, which extends from the shoulder to the hand.2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. The limbs of animals are also sometimes called arms.3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea.4. Figuratively, power, might, strength; as the secular arm. In this sense the word is often used in the scriptures.To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed. Isa. 53. 'ARM, v.t. [L. armo; arma.] 1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense, or defense; as, to arm the militia.2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security; as, to arm the hilt of a sword.3. To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify.Arm yourselves with the same mind. 1Pet. 4. 'ARM, v.i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms; as, the nations arm for war. This verb is not really intransitive in this use, but reciprocal, the pronoun being omitted. The nations arm - for, the nations arm themselves.

Armada

ARMA'DA, noun

A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called the Invincible armada consisting of 130 ships, intended to act against England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, adjective D. 1588.

Armadillo

ARMADIL'LO, noun

A quadruped peculiar to America, called also tatoo, and in zoology, the dasypus. This animal has neither fore-teeth, nor dog-teeth; it is covered with a hard, bony shell, divided into movable belts, except on the forehead, shoulders and haunches, where it is not movable. The belts are connected by a membrane, which enables the animal to roll itself up like a hedge hog. These animals burrow in the earth, where they lie during the day time, seldom going abroad except at night. They are of different sizes; the largest 3 feet in length, without the tail. They subsist chiefly on fruits and roots; sometimes on insects and flesh. When attacked, they roll themselves into a ball, presenting their armor on all sides to any assailant; but they are inoffensive, and their flesh is esteemed good food.

Armament

'ARMAMENT, noun [Latin armamenta, utensils, tackle, from arma.]

A body of forces equipped for war; used of a land or naval force. It is more generally used of a naval force, including ships, men and all the necessary furniture for war.

Armamentary

ARMAMENT'ARY, noun An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [Rarely used.]

Armature

'ARMATURE, noun [Latin armatura.]

1. Armor; that which defends the body. It comprehends whatever is worn for defense of the body, and has been sometimes used for offensive weapons. armature like arms and armor, is used also of the furniture of animals and vegetables, evidently intended for their protection; as prickles, spines and horns.

2. In ancient military art, an exercise performed with missive weapons, as darts, spears and arrows.

Arme-Puissant

ARME-PUIS'SANT, adjective [See Puissant.] Powerful in arms.

Armed

'ARMED, participle passive

1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security; fortified, in a moral sense.

2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a different color from the rest of the body.

3. Capped and cased as the load stone; that is set in iron.

An armed ship is one which is taken into the service of government for a particular occasion, and armed like a ship of war.

Armenia

ARME'NIA, adjective Pertaining to armenia a country and formerly, a kingdom, in Asia, divided into Major and Minor. The greater armenia is now called Turcomania.

Armenian

ARME'NIAN, noun A native of Armenia, or the language of the country.

Armenian bole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found in other countries. But the term, being of uncertain signification, is rejected in modern mineralogy. [See Bole.]

Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious earth or gypsum, with the oxyd of copper. It is too soft to give fire with steel, loses its color when heated, and does not admit of a polish.

Armful

'ARMFUL, noun As much as the arms can hold.

Armgaunt

ARMGAUNT, adjective slender, as the arm. [Not in use.]

Armhole

'ARMHOLE, noun [arm and hole.]

1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the armpit.

2. A hole for the arm in a garment.