Armigerous – Arundelian

Armigerous

ARMIG'EROUS, adjective [Latin armiger, arma and gero.]

Literally, bearing arms. But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in degree to a knight. In times of chivalry, it signified an attendant on a knight, or other person of rank, who bore his shield and rendered him other military services. so in antiquity, Abimilech, Saul, etc. had their armor bearers. Judges 9:1. 1 Samuel 16:1. as had Hector and Achilles. This title, under the French princes, in England, was exchanged, in common usage, for esquire, Latin scutum, a shield. Armiger is still retained with us as a title of respect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire, which see.

Armillary

'ARMILLARY, adjective [Latin armilla, a bracelet, from armus, the arm.]

Resembling a bracelet, or ring; consisting of rings or circles. It is chiefly applied to an aritificial sphere, composed of a number of circles of the mundane sphere, put together intheir natural order, to assist in giving a just conception of the constitution of the heavens, and the motions of the celestial bodies. This aritificial sphere revolves upon its axis within a horizon, divided into degrees, and movable every way upon a brass supporter.

Arming

'ARMING, participle present tense Equipping with arms; providing with the means of defense or attack; also, preparing for resistance in a moral sense.

Armings

'ARMINGS, noun The same as waist-clothes, hung about a ship's upper works.

Arminian

ARMIN'IAN, adjective Pertaining to Arminius, or designating his principles.

ARMIN'IAN, noun One of a sect or party of Christians, so called from Arminius or Harmansen, of Holland, who flourished at the close of the 16th century, and beginning of the 17th. The arminian doctrines are,

1. conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination.

2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit.

3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God; but that this grace is not irresistible and may be lost; so that men may relapse from a state of grace and die in their sins.

Arminianism

ARMIN'IANISM, noun The peculiar doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.

Armipotence

ARMIP'OTENCE, noun [arma and potentia. See Potency.] Power in arms.

Armipotent

ARMIP'OTENT, adjective [arma and sonus. See sound.] Sounding or rustling in arms.

Armisonous

ARMIS'ONOUS, adjective [arma and sonus. See sound.] Sounding or rustling in arms.

Armistice

'ARMISTICE, noun [Latin arma and sisto, to stand still, Gr.]

A cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention; a truce; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the parties.

Armless

'ARMLESS, adjective Without an arm; destitute of weapons.

Armlet

'ARMLET, noun [dim. of arm.] A little arm; a piece of armor for the arm; a bracelet.

Armor

'ARMOR, noun [from arm.]

1. Defensive arms; any habit worn to protect the body in battle; formerly called harness. A complete armor formerly consisted of a casque or helmet, a gorget, cuirass, gauntlets, tasses, brassets, crushes, and covers for the legs to which the spurs were fastened.

In English statutes, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war; including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statutes of armor directed what arms every man should provide, 27. Hen. II. and of Westminster. Hence armor includes all instruments of war.

2. In a spiritual sense, a good conscience, faith and Christian graces are called armor Romans 13:1. Ephesians 6:1. 2 Corinthians 6:1.

Coat-armor is the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc.

Armor-Bearer

'ARMOR-BEARER, noun One who carries the armor of another.

Armorer

'ARMORER, noun A maker of armor or arms; a manufacturer of instruments of war. The armorer of a ship has the charge of the arms, to see that they are in a condition fit for service.

Armorial

ARMO'RIAL, adjective Belonging to armor, or to the arms or escutcheon of a family; as ensigns armorial

Armoric

ARMOR'IC,

ARMOR'ICAN, adjective

Designating the northwestern part of France, formerly called Armorica, afterward Bretague, or Britanny. This part of France is peopled by inhabitants who speak a dialect of the Celtic. It is usually supposed their ancestors were refugees or colonists from England.

ARMOR'IC, noun The language of the Armoricans; one of the Celtic dialects which have remained to the present times.

ARMOR'ICAN, noun A native of Armorica, or Bretagne.

Armorican

ARMOR'ICAN, a. Designating the northwestern part of France, formerly called Armorica, afterward Bretague, or Britanny. This part of France is peopled by inhabitants who speak a dialect of the Celtic. It is usually supposed their ancestors were refugees or colonists from England.

Armorist

'ARMORIST, noun One skilled in heraldry.

Armory

'ARMORY, noun

1. A place where arms, and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.

2. Armor; defensive arms.

3. Ensigns armorial.

4. The knowledge of coat-armor; skill in heraldry.

Armpit

'ARMPIT, noun [arm and pit.] The hollow place or cavity under the shoulder.

Arms

'ARMS, noun plural [Latin arma.]

1. Weapons of offense, or armor for defense and protection of the body.

2. War; hostility.

Arms and the man I sing.

To be in arms to be in a state of hostility, or in a military life.

To arms is a phrase which denotes a taking arms for war or hostility; particularly, a summoning to war.

To take arms is to arm for attack or defense.

Bred to arms denotes that a person has been educated to the profession of a soldier.

3. The ensigns armorial of a family; consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.

4. In law, arms are any thing which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another.

5. In botany, one of the seven species of fulcra or props of plants, enumerated by Linne and others. The different species of arms or armor, are prickles, thorns, forks and stings, which seem intended to protect the plants from injury by animals.

Sire arms are such as may be charged with powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, etc.

A stand of arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and belt, with a sword. But for common soldiers a sword is not necessary.

In falconry, arms are the legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot.

Arms-End

ARMS-END, noun At the end of the arms; at a good distance; a phrase taken from boxers or wrestlers.

Army

'ARMY, noun

1. A collection or body of men armed for war, and organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades and divisions, under proper officers. In general, an army in modern times consists of infantry and cavalry, with artillery; although the union of all is not essential to the constitution of an army Among savages, armies are differently formed.

2. A great number; a vast multitude; as an army of locusts or caterpillars. Joel 2:25.

Arnoldist

'ARNOLDIST, noun A disciple of Arnold of Brescia, who in the 12th century, preached against the Romish Church, for which he was banished; but he was afterwards permitted to return. By his preaching, an insurrection was excited, for which he was condemned and executed.

Arnot

'ARNOT, noun A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut.

Arnotto

ARNOT'TO, The Anotta, which see. Also a tree so called.

Arnuts

'ARNUTS, noun Tall oat grass.

Aroma

ARO'MA,

AR'OMA, noun [Gr.] The quality of plants which constitutes their fragrance, which is perceived by an agreeable smell, or a warm spicy taste.

Aromatic

AROMAT'IC,

AROMAT'ICAL, adjective Fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; having an agreeable odor.

AROMAT'IC, noun A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant smell, or a warm pungent taste; as sage, summer savory, geranium, sweet marjoram, etc.

Aromatical

AROMAT'ICAL, a. Fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; having an agreeable odor.

Aromatite

AR'OMATITE, noun A bituminous stone, in smell and color resembling myrrh.

Aromatization

AROMATIZA'TION, noun The act of impregnating or scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic.

Aromatize

AR'OMATIZE, verb transitive To impregnate with aroma; to infuse an aromatic odor; to give a spicy scent or taste; to perfume.

Aromatized

AR'OMATIZED, participle passive Impregnated with aroma; rendered fragrant.

Aromatizer

AR'OMATIZER, noun That which communicates an aromatic quality.

Aromatizing

AR'OMATIZING, participle present tense Rendering spicy; impregnating with aroma.

Aromatous

ARO'MATOUS, adjective Containing aroma, or the principle of fragrance.

Aroph

AR'OPH, [A contraction of aroma philosophorum.]

1. A name by which saffron is sometimes called.

2. A chimical preparation of Paracelsus, formed by sublimation from equal quantities of hematite and sal ammoniac. The word is also used by the same writer as synonymous with lithontriptic, a solvent for the stone.

Arose

ARO'SE, The past or preterit tense of the verb, to arise.

Around

AROUND', preposition [a and round. See Round.]

1. About; on all sides; encircling; encompassing; as, a lambent flame around his brows.

2. In a looser sense, from place to place; at random.

AROUND', adverb

1. In a circle; on every side.

2. In a looser sense, at random; without any fixed direction; as, to travel around from town to town. [See Round.]

Aroura

AROURA, noun [Gr.] A Grecian measure of fifty feet. Also, a square measure of half the plethron, a measure not ascertained. The Egyptian aroura was the square of a hundred feet or a hundred cubits.

Arouse

AROUSE, verb transitive arouz'. [Heb.]

To excite into action, that which is at rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion that which is languid; as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties.

Aroused

AROUS'ED, participle passive Excited into action; put in motion.

Arousing

AROUS'ING, participle present tense Putting in motion; stirring; exciting into action or exertion.

Arow

AROW, adverb [a and row.] In a row; successively.

Aroynt

AROYNT', adverb Be gone; away. obsolete

Arpeggio

ARPEG'GIO, noun

The distinct sound of the notes of an instrumental chord, accompanying the voice.

Arpent

'ARPENT, noun

In Domesday, it is written arpennus, arpendus, and arpent Columella mentions that the arepennis was equal to half the Roman juger. The word is supposed to be corrupted from arvipendium, or aripennium, the measuring of land with a cord.

A portion of land in France, ordinarily containing one hundred square rods or perches, each of 18 feet. But the arpent is different in different parts of France. The arpent of Paris contains 900 square toises. It is less than the English acre, by about one seventh.

Arquebusade

ARQUEBUSA'DE, noun

1. A distilled liquor applied to a bruise.

2. The shot of an arquebuse.

Arquebuse

'ARQUEBUSE,

H'ARQUEBUSE, noun

A hand gun; a species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked with a wheel. It carried a ball that weighed nearly two ounces. A larger kind, used in fortresses carried a ball of three ounces and a half.

Arquebusier

ARQUEBUSIE'R, noun a soldier armed with an arquebuse.

Arrach

AR'RACH, noun a plant. See Orrach.

Arrack

ARRACK', noun Contacted into rack. a spirituous liquor imported from the East Indies. The name is said to signify, in the East, any spirituous liquor; but that which usually bears this name is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the cocoanut tree, procured by incision. Some persons allege it to be a spirit distilled from rice or sugar, fermented with the juice of the cocoanut.

Arragonite

AR'RAGONITE, noun

In mineralogy, a species of carbonate of lime, but not pure, and said to contain 3 or 4 per cent. of carbonate of strontian. It differs from pure carbonate of lime, in hardness, specific gravity, crystaline structure, etc. It is harder than calcarious spar, and exhibits several varieties of structure and form. It is often crystallized, generally in hexahedral prisms or pyramids. The massive varieties have usually a fibrous structure, exhibiting various imitative forms, being sometimes coraloidal.

Arraign

ARRA'IGN verb transitive arra'ne. [Latin reus, contracted from the root of res.]

1. To call or set a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter charged against him in an indictment or information. When called, the indictment is read to him, and he is put to plead, guity or not guilty, and to elect by whom he will be tried.

2. According to Law writers, to set in order; to fit for trial; as, to arraign a writ of novel disscisin. To arraign the assize, is to cause the tenant to be called to make the plaint, and set the cause in order, that the tenant may be brought to answer.

3. To accuse; to charge with faults. More correctly, to call before the bar of reason, or taste; to call in question, for faults before any tribunal.

They will not arraign you for want of knowledge.

ARRA'IGN, noun arra'ne. Arraignment; as, clerk of the arraigns.

Arraigned

ARRA'IGNED, participle passive Called before a tribunal to answer, and elect triers; accused; called in question.

Arraigning

ARRA'IGNING, participle present tense Calling before a court or tribunal; accusing.

Arraignment

ARRA'IGNMENT, noun

1. The act of arraigning; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an accusation, and to choose his triers.

2. Accusation.

3. A calling in question for faults.

Arraiment

ARRA'IMENT, noun [See Array.] Clothes; garments. We now use raiment.

Arrange

ARRANGE, verb intransitive

1. To put in proper order; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as troops arranged for battle.

2. To adjust; to settle; to put in order; to prepare; a popular use of the word of very general application.

Arranged

ARRANGED, participle passive Put in order; disposed in the proper order; adjusted.

Arrangement

ARRANGEMENT, noun

1. The act of putting in proper order; the state of being put in order; disposition in suitable form.

2. That which is disposed in order; system of parts disposed in due order.

The interest of that portion of social arrangement is in the hands of all those who compose it.

3. Preparatory measure; previous disposition; as, we have made arrangements for receiving company.

4. Final settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a popular use of the word.

5. Classification of facts relating to a subject, in a regular, systematic order; as the Linnean arrangement of plants.

Arranger

ARRANGER, noun One that puts in order.

Arranging

ARRANGING, participle present tense Putting in due order or form; adjusting.

Arrant

AR'RANT, adjective [I know not the origin of this word.]

Notorious, in an ill sense; infamous; mere; vile; as an arrant rogue or coward.

Arrantly

AR'RANTLY, adverb Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.

Arras

AR'RAS, noun Tapestry; hangings wove with figures.

Array

ARRA'Y, noun

1. Order; disposition in regular lines; as an army in battle array Hence a posture of defense.

2. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person.

3. In law, the act of impaneling a jury; or a jury impaneled; that is, a jury set in order by the sheriff, or called man by man.

Commission of array in English history, was a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war.

ARRA'Y, verb transitive

1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle.

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; it is applied especially to dress of a splendid kind.

Array thyself with glory. Job 40:10.

Pharaoh arrayed Joseph with fine linen. Genesis 41:42.

3. To set a jury in order for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.

4. To envelop.

In gelid caves with horrid glooms arrayed.

Arrayed

ARRA'YED, participle passive Set in order, or in lines; arranged in order for attack or defense; dressed; adorned by dress; impaneled, as a jury; enveloped.

Arrayer

ARRA'YER, noun One who arrays. In English history, an officer who had a commission of array, to put soldiers of a country in a condition for military service.

Arraying

ARRA'YING, participle present tense Setting in order; putting on splendid raiment; impaneling.

Arrear

ARRE'AR, adverb [Latin ad and retro.]

Behind; at the hinder part. In this sense obsolete. But from this use, we retain the word as a noun in the phrase, in arrear to signify behind in payment.

ARRE'AR, noun That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due. It is generally used in the plural, as the arrears of rent, wages and taxes; and supposes a part of the money already paid.

Arrearage

ARRE'ARAGE, noun

Arrears; any sum of money remaining unpaid, after previous payment of a part. A person may be in arrear for the whole amount of a debt; but arrears and arrearage imply that apart has been paid.

Arrect

ARRECT',

ARRECT'ED, adjective [Latin arrectus, raised, erect, from arrigo. See Reach.] Erect; attentive; as a person listening.

Arrected

ARRECT'ED, a. [L. arrectus, raised, erect, from arrigo. See Reach.] Erect; attentive; as a person listening.

Arrentation

ARRENTA'TION, noun [See Rent.]

In the forest laws of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest, to inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in consideration of a yearly rent.

Arreptitious

ARREPTI'TIOUS, adjective [Latin arreptus, of ad and rapio, to snatch. See Rapacious.]

1. Snatched away.

2. Crept in privily.

Arrest

ARREST', verb transitive [Latin resto, to stop; Eng. to rest. See Rest.]

1. To obstruct; to stop; to check or hinder motion; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses.

2. To take, seize or apprehend by virtue of a warrant from authority; as, to arrest one for debt or for a crime.

3. To seize and fix; as, to arrest the eyes or attention.

The appearance of such a person in the world, and at such a period, ought to arrest the consideration of every thinking mind.

ARREST', noun

1. The taking or apprehending of a person by virtue of a warrant from authority. An arrest is made by seizing or touching the body.

2. Any seizure, or taking by power, physical or moral.

3. A stop, hindrance or restraint.

4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the staying or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes assigned. Courts have power to arrest judgment for intrinsic causes appearing upon the face of the record; as when the declaration varies from the original writ; when the verdict differs materially from the pleadings; or when the case laid in the declaration is not sufficient in point of law, to found an action upon. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.

5. A mangy humor between the ham and pastern of the hind legs of a horse.

Arrestation

ARRESTA'TION, noun The act of arresting; an arrest, or seizure.

Arrested

ARREST'ED, participle passive Seized; apprehended; stopped; hindered; restrained.

Arrester

ARREST'ER,

ARREST'ING, participle present tense Seizing; staying; hindering; restraining.

Arresting

ARREST'ING, ppr. Seizing; staying; hindering; restraining.

Arrestment

ARREST'MENT, noun

The order of a judge by which a debtor to the arrestor's debtor is prohibited to make payment, till the debt due to the arrestor is paid or secured.

Arrestor

ARREST'OR, noun One who arrests.

Arret

ARRET', noun arreste'.

The decision of a court tribunal or council; a decree published; the edict of a soverign prince.

ARRET', verb transitive To assign; to allot. obsolete

Arride

ARRI'DE, verb transitive [Latin arrideo.] To laugh at; to please well. [Not in use.]

Arriere

ARRIE'RE, noun The last body of an army; now called rear, which see.

Arriere-ban, or ban and arriere ban. This phrase is defined to be a general proclamation of the French kings, by which not only their immediate feudatories, but their vassals, were summoned to take the field for war. In this case, arriere is the French word signifying those who are last or behind, and ban is proclamation. [See Ban.]

Arriere-fee or fief. A fee or fief dependent or a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory.

Arriere vassal. The vassal of a vassal.

Arrival

ARRI'VAL, noun

1. The coming to, or reaching a place, from a distance, whether by water, as in its original sense, or by land.

2. The attainment or gaining of any object, by effort, agreement, practice or study.

Arrivance

ARRI'VANCE, noun

1. Company coming. [Not used.]

2. Arrival; a reading in progress. obsolete

Arrive

ARRI'VE, verb intransitive [Latin ripa.]

1. Literally, to come to the shore, or bank. Hence to come to or reach in progress by water, followed by at. We arrived at Havre De Grace, July 10, 1924. noun W.

2. To come to or reach by traveling on land; as, the post arrives at 7 o'clock.

3. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, enquiry, reasoning or experiment; as, to arrive at an unusual degree of excellence or wickedness; to arrive at a conclusion.

4. To happen or occur.

He to whom this glorious death arrives.

ARRI'VE, verb transitive To reach. [Not in use.]

Arriving

ARRI'VING, participle present tense Coming to, or reaching by water or land; gaining by research, effort or study.

Arroba

ARRO'BA, noun A weight in Portugal of thirty two pounds; in Spain, of twenty five pounds. Also a Spanish measure of thirty two Spanish pints.

Arrogance

AR'ROGANCE, noun [Latin arrogantia, from arrogo, to claim; of ad and rogo, to beg, or desire. See Arrogate.]

The act or quality of taking much upon one's self; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; conceitedness; presumption.

I will cause the arrogance of the proud to cease. Isaiah 13:1. 1 Samuel 2:1. Pov. 8.

Arrogancy

AR'ROGANCY, noun Arrogance. [This orthography is less usual.]

Arrogant

AR'ROGANT, adjective

1. Assuming; making or having the disposition to make exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; haughty; conceited; applied to persons.

2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims of self importance; applied to things; as arrogant pretensions or behavior.

Arrogantly

AR'ROGANTLY, adverb In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self importance.

Arrogantness

AR'ROGANTNESS, noun Arrogance. [Little used.]

Arrogate

AR'ROGATE, verb transitive [Latin arrogo, of ad and rogo.]

To assume, demand or challenge more than is proper; to make undue claims, from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit; as, the Pope arrogated dominion over kings.

Arrogated

AR'ROGATED, participle passive Claimed by undue pretensions.

Arrogating

AR'ROGATING, participle present tense Challenging or claiming more power or respect than is just or reasonable.

Arrogation

ARROGA'TION, noun The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to.

Arrogative

AR'ROGATIVE, adjective Assuming or making undue claims and pretensions.

Arrondisment

ARROND'ISMENT, noun

A circuit; a district; a division or portion of territory, in France, for the exercise of a particular jurisdiction.

Arrosion

ARRO'SION, noun s as z. [Latin arrodo.] A gnawing.

Arrow

AR'ROW, noun

1. A missive weapon of offense, straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a bow.

2. In scripture, the arrows of God are the apprehensions of his wrath, which pierce and pain the conscience. Job 6:4. Psalms 38:2. In a like figurative manner, arrows represent the judgments of God, as thunder, lightning, tempests and famine. 2 Samuel 22:15.

Ezekiel 5:16. Habakkuk 3:11. The word is used also for slanderous words and malicious purposes of evil men. Psalms 11:2. Proverbs 25:18. Jeremiah 9:8. Psa 64.

Arrow-Grass

AR'ROW-GRASS, noun A plant or genus of plants; the Triglochin.

Arrow-Head

AR'ROW-HEAD, noun

1. The head of an arrow.

2. Sagittaria; a genus of aquatic plants, so called from the resemblance of the leaves to the point of an arrow.

Arrow-Root

AR'ROW-ROOT, noun

1. The Maranta; a genus of plants, natives of the Indies. The Indians are said to employ the roots of the arundinacea, in extracting the virus of poisoned arrows; whence the name. There are several species. From the root of the arundinacea, or starch-plant, is obtained the arrow-root of the shops.

2. The starch of the maranta, or arrow-root a nutritive medicinal food.

Arrowy

AR'ROWY, adjective

1. Consisting of arrows.

2. Formed like an arrow.

Arse

'ARSE, noun 'ars. The buttocks or hind part of an animal.

To hang an arse is to lag behind; to be sluggish, or tardy.

Arse-Smart

'ARSE-SMART, noun The vulgar name of a species of polygonum, or knot-grass.

Arsenal

'ARSENAL, noun [Latin arx navalis, a naval citadel or repository.]

A repository or magazine of arms and military stores, whether for land or naval service.

Arseniac

ARSE'NIAC or ARSEN'ICAL ACID. Arsenic combined with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenious acid. It is called arsenic acid by most authors.

Arseniate

ARSE'NIATE, noun A neutral salt, formed by arsenical acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base.

Arsenic

'ARSENIC, noun [Gr.'L. arsenicum.]

Arsenic, as it is usually seen in the shops, is not a metal, but an oxyd, from which the metal may be easily obtained by mixing it with half its weight of black flux, and introducing the mixture into a Florence flask, gradually raised to a red heat, in a sand bath. A brilliant metallic sublimate of pure arsenic collects in the upper part of the flask. arsenic is of a steel blue color, quite brittle, and the metal with all its compounds, is a virulent poison, vulgarly called rats-bane. It forms alloys with most of the metals. Combined with sulphur it forms orpiment or realgar, which are the yellow and red sulphurets of arsenic Orpiment is the true arsenicum of the ancients. Plin. 34, 18. native orpiment appears in yellow, brilliant, and seemingly talcky masses of various sizes; realgar is red, of different shades, and often crystallized in needles. arsenic is also found as a mineralizer in cobalt, antimony, copper, iron and silver ores. It is brought chiefly from the cobalt works in Saxony, where zaffer is made.

Arsenical

ARSEN'ICAL, adjective Belonging to arsenic; consisting of or containing arsenic.

Arsenicate

ARSEN'ICATE, verb transitive To combine with arsenic.

Arsenicated

ARSEN'ICATED, adjective combined with arsenic.

Arsenious

ARSE'NIOUS, adjective Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. The arsenious acid, or white oxyd of arsenic, is a combination of arsenic with a less proportion of oxygen than in the arseniac acid.

Arsenite

'ARSENITE, noun a salt formed by the arsenious acid, with a base.

Arshine

'ARSHINE, noun a russian measure of two feet, four inches and 242 decimals. This seems to be the Chinese arschin, of which four make three yards English.

Arson

'ARSON, noun 'arsn.

In law, the malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony. The definition of this crime is varied by statutes in different countries and states. In Connecticut, the burning not only of a dwelling house or contiguous building, but of a ship or other vessel, is declared to be arson if human life is thereby destroyed or put to hazard.

Art

'ART, The second person, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive veb am.

'ART, noun [Latin ars, artis.]

1. The disposition or modification of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. In this sense art stands opposed to nature.

2. A system of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; opposed to science, or to speculative principles; as the art of building or engraving. Arts are divided into useful or mechanic, and liberal or polite. The mechanic arts are those in which the hands and body are more concerned than the mind; as in making clothes, and utensils. These art are called trades. The liberal or polite arts are those in which the mind or imagination is chiefly concerned; as poetry, music and painting.

In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity.

3. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, acquired by experience, study or observation; as, a man has the art of managing his business to advantage.

Artemisia

ARTEMIS'IA, noun Mug-wort, southernwood, and wormwood; a genus of plats of numerous species. Of these, the absinthium or common wormwood is well known.

Arterial

ARTE'RIAL, adjective [See Artery.]

1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries; as arterial action.

2. Contained in an artery; as arterial blood.

Arteriotomy

ARTERIOT'OMY, noun [Gr. an artery, and a cutting.]

The opening of an artery by the lancet, for the purpose of letting blood.

Artery

'ARTERY, noun [Gr. from air and to preserve or contain; so called, from the opinion of the ancients, that the arteries contained or circulated air. The term was also applied to the trachea or wind pipe, anteria aspera.

A cylindrical vessel or tube, which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. There are two principal arteries; the aorta, which rises from the left ventricle and ramifies through the whole body; and the pulmonary artery which conveys the blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, to undergo respiration. An artery is composed of three coats; the outer consists of condensed cellular membrane, and is supplied with numerous blood vessels and nerves; the middle coat consists of circular fibers, generally supposed to be muscular; the inner coat, thin, smooth, and dense, confines the blood within its canal, and facilitates its motion.

Artful

ARTFUL, adjective [See Art.

1. Performed with art or skill.

2. Artificial, as opposed to natural

3. Cunning; practicing art, or stratagem; crafty; as an artful boy. [This is the most usual sense.]

4. Proceeding from art or craft; as an artful scheme.

Artfully

'ARTFULLY, adverb With art, or cunning; skillfully; dexterously.

Artfulness

'ARTFULNESS, noun Art; craft; cunning; address.

Arthritic

ARTHRIT'IC,

ARTHRIT'ICAL, adjective Pertaining to the joints, or to the gout; affecting the joints.

Arthritical

ARTHRIT'ICAL, a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the gout; affecting the joints.

Arthritis

ARTHRIT'IS, noun [Gr. from a joint. It seems to be of the same family as artus, a limb.]

In a general sense, any painful disease of the joints; but more particularly, the gout, an hereditary, intermitting disease, usually affecting the small joints; sometimes the stomach.

Arthrodia

ARTHRO'DIA, noun [Gr. from to frame or articulate.]

1. A species of articulation, in which the head of one bone is received into the shallow socket of another; as the humerus and the scapula.

2. In natural history, a genus of imperfect crystals, found in complex masses, and forming long single pyramids, with very short and slender columns.

Artic

'ARTIC, This word is by mistake used by some authors for arctic.

Artichoke

'ARTICHOKE, noun [Gr.; Latin carduus, chard, thistle, corrupted.]

A plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated and prickly calyx. The head is large, rough and scaly, on an upright stalk. It is composed of numerous, oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is the eatable part of the plant.

The Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sunflower or helianthus.

Article

'ARTICLE, noun [Latin articulus, a joint, from artus; Gr.]

1. A single clause in a contract, account system of regulations, treaty, or other writing; a particular separate charge or item, in an account; a term, condition, or stipulation, in a contract. In short, a distinct part of a writing, instrument or discourse, consisting of two or more particulars; as, articles of agreement; an account consisting of many articles.

2. A point of faith; a doctrinal point or proposition in theology; as the thirty-nine articles.

3. A distinct part.

Upon each article of human duty.

4. A particular commodity, or substance; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article In common usage, this word is applied to almost every separate substance or material.

The articles which compose the blood.

5. A point of time. [Not in use.]

6. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is between two joints.

7. In grammar, an adjective used before nouns, to limit or define their application; as hic, ille, ipse, in Latin; in Greek; the, this, that, in English. The primary use of these adjectives was to convert an indeterminate name into a determinate one; or to limit the application of a common name, to a specific, known, or certain individual. But article being an improper term to express the true signification, I make use of definitive, which see.

'ARTICLE, verb transitive

1. To draw up in distinct particulars; as, to article the errors or follies of a man.

2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 'He shall be articled against in the High Court of admiralty.' Stat. 33. George III.

3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic.

'ARTICLE, verb intransitive [supra.] To agree by articles; to stipulate.

Articled

'ARTICLED, participle passive Drawn up in particulars; accused or bound by articles.

Articular

ARTIC'ULAR, adjective [Latin articularis.]

Belonging to the joints; as, the gout is an articular disease.

Articulate

ARTIC'ULATE, adjective [Latin articulatus, jointed, distinct.]

1. Formed by jointing or articulation of the organs of speech; applied to sound. An articulate sound is made by closing and opening the organs of speech. The junction or closing of the organs forms a joint or articulation, as in the syllables ab, ad, ap; in passing from one articulation to another, the organs are, or may be opened, and a vowel is uttered, as in attune; and the different articulations, with the intervening vocal sounds, from what is called articulate sounds; sounds distinct, separate, and modified by articulation or jointing. This articulation constitutes the prominent difference between the human voice and that of brutes. Brutes open the mouth and make vocal sounds, but have either not at all, or very imperfectly, the power of articulation.

2. Expressed in articles, or in separate particulars. [Not used.]

3. Jointed; formed with joints.

ARTIC'ULATE, verb transitive

1. To utter articulate sounds; to utter distinct syllables or words.

2. To draw up or write in separate particulars. [Not used.]

3. To treat, stipulate or make terms. [Not used.]

4. To joint.

Articulated

ARTIC'ULATED, participle passive

1. Uttered distinctly in syllables or words.

2. Jointed; having joints, as a plant.

Articulately

ARTIC'ULATELY, adverb

1. With distinct utterance of syllables or words.

2. Article by article; in detail.

Articulateness

ARTIC'ULATENESS, noun The quality of being articulate.

Articulating

ARTIC'ULATING, participle present tense Uttering in distinct syllables or words.

Articulation

ARTICULA'TION, noun

1. In anatomy, the joining or juncture of the bones. This is of three kinds:1st, diarthrosis, or a movable connection, including enarthrosis, or the ball and socket joint; arthrodia, which is the same, but more superficial; ginglymus, or hinge-like joint; and trochoid, or the wheel and axle:2d, synarthrosis, immovable connection, as by suture, or junction by serrated margins; harmony, or union by straight margins; and gomphosis, like a nail driven in a board, as the teeth in their sockets:3d, symphysis, or union by means of another substance; as synchondrosis, union by a cartilage; syssarcosis, union by muscular fibres; synneurosis, union by a tendon; syndesmosis, union by ligaments; and synostosis, union by a bony substance.

2. In botany, the connection of the parts of a plant by joints; also the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.

3. The forming of words; a distinct utterance of syllables and words by the human voice, by means of closing and opening the organs.

4. A consonant; a letter noting a jointing or closing of the organs.

Artifice

'ARTIFICE, noun [Latin artificium, from ars, art, and facio, to make.]

1. Stratagem; an artful or ingenious device, in a good or bad sense. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud.

2. Art; trade; skill acquired by science or practice. [Rarely used.]

Artificer

ARTIF'ICER, noun [Latin artifex, from ars, and facio.]

1. An artist; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind; as a silversmith, or sadler.

2. One who makes or contrives; an inventor; as an artificer of fraud or lies.

3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [not used.]

Artificial

ARTIFI'CIAL, adjective

1. Made or contrived by art, or by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as artificial heat or light; an artificial magnet.

2. Feigned, fictitious; not genuine or natural; as artificial tears.

3. Contrived with skill or art.

4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not being of spontaneous growth; as artificial grasses.

Artificial arguments, in rhetoric, are arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities and the like, which are called inartificial arguments of proofs.

Artificial lines, on a sector or scale, are lines so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc.

Artificial numbers, the same with logarithms.

Artificiality

ARTIFICIAL'ITY, noun The quality of being artificial; appearance of art.

Artificially

ARTIFI'CIALLY, adverb By art, or human skill and contrivance; hence, with good contrivance; with art or ingenuity.

Artificialness

ARTIFI'CIALNESS, noun The quality of being artificial.

Artillery

ARTIL'LERY, noun This word has no plural.

1. In a general sense, offensive weapons of war. Hence it was formerly used for bows and arrows.

And Jonathan gave his artillery to his lad. 1 Samuel 20:40.

But in present usage, appropriately,

2. Canon; great guns; ordinance, including guns, mortars and grenades, with their furniture of carriages, balls, bombs and shot of all kinds.

3. In a more extended sense, the word includes powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses that belong to a train of artillery

4. The men who manage cannon and mortars, including matrosses, gunners, bombardiers, cannoniers, or by whatever name they are called, with the officers, engineers and persons who supply the artillery with implements and materials.

Artisan

'ARTISAN, noun s as z. [Latin ars. See Art.]

An artist; one skilled in any art, mystery or trade; a handicrafts-man; a mechanic; a tradesman.

Artist

'ARTIST, noun [Latin ars. See Art.]

1. One skilled in an art or trade; one who is master or professor of a manual art; a good workman in any trade.

2. A skilful man; not a novice.

3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the faculty of arts; a philosopher.

4. One skilled in the fine arts; as a painter, sculptor, architect, etc.

Artless

'ARTLESS, adjective

1. Unskillful; wanting art, knowledge or skill.

2. Free from guile, art, craft or stratagem; simple; sincere; unaffected; undesigning; as an artless mind.

3. Contrived without skill or art; as an artless tale.

Artlessly

'ARTLESSLY, adverb

1. Without art or skill; in an artless manner.

2. Without guile; naturally; sincerely; unaffectedly.

Artlessness

'ARTLESSNESS, noun The quality of being void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity; unaffectedness.

Artotyrite

AR'TOTYRITE, noun [Gr. bread, and cheese.]

One of a sect of heretics, in the primitive church, who celebrated the eucharist with bread and cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men were not only the fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. They admitted females to the priesthood and episcopacy.

Arts-Man

'ARTS-MAN, noun A learned man. obsolete

Arum

A'RUM, noun [Latin See aurate.] Gold.

Aurum fulminans, fulminating gold, is gold dissolved in aqua-regia or nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by volatile alkali. This precipitate is of a brown yellow, or orange color, and when exposed to a moderate heat, detonizes with considerable noise. It is a compound of the oxyd of gold and ammonia.

Aurum mosaicum, or musivum, a sparkling gold-colored substance, from an amalgam of quick-silver and tin, mixed with sulphur and sal ammoniac, set to sublime. The mercury and part of the sulphur unite into a cinnabar, which sublimes with the salammoniac, and leaves the aurum mosaicum at the bottom. It is a sulphuret of tin, and is used as a pigment.

Arundelian

ARUNDE'LIAN, adjective Pertaining to Arundel, as arundelian marbles. The arundelian marbles are ancient stones, containing a chronological detail of the principal events of Greece, from Cecrops, who lived about 1582 years before Christ, to the archonship of Diognetus, before Christ 264. The engraving was done in Paros, and the chronology is called the Parian Chronicle. These stones are called arundelian from the Earl of Arundel, who employed William Petty to procure relics of antiquity in the East in 1624. These, with other curiosities, were purchased, and by the Earl's grandson presented to the University of Oxford. Their antiquity and even their authenticity has been questioned.