Introductory Notes
Section XVII
Page 24 of 468
11204 And he set forth to them another parable, and said, The kingdom of heaven is2 like a man who sowed good seed in his field;1205 but when men slept, his enemy came3 and sowed tares among the wheat, and went away.1206 And when the blade sprang up4 and brought forth fruit, there were noticed the tares also.1207 And the servants of the master of the house came, and said unto him, Our lord, didst thou not sow good5 [Arabic, p. 66] seed in thy field? whence are there tares in it?1208 He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. His servants said unto him, Wilt thou that we go6 and separate it?1209 He said unto them, Perhaps,1210 when ye separate the tares, ye would7 root up with them wheat also.1211 Leave them to grow both together until the harvest: and in the time of the harvest I will say unto the reapers, Separate the tares first, and bind them in bundles to be burned with fire; and gather the wheat into my barns.
[8, 9]1212 And he set forth to them another parable, and said,1213 To what is the kingdom of10 God like? and to what shall I liken it? and in what parable shall I set it forth?1214 It11 is like a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and planted in his field:1215 and of the number of the things that are sown in the earth it is smaller than all of the things12 which are sown, which are upon the earth;1216 but when it is grown, it is greater than all the herbs, and produceth large branches, so that the birds of heaven make their nests in its branches.
[13, 14]1217 And he set forth to them another parable:1218 To what shall I liken the kingdom of15 God?1219 It is like the leaven which a woman took, and kneaded into three measures of flour, until the whole of it was leavened.
161220 And Jesus spake all that to the multitudes by way of parables, according as they17 were able to hear.1221 And without parables spake he not unto them; that the saying of the Lord through the prophet might be fulfilled:
I will open my mouth in parables;
And I will utter secrets which were before the foundations1222 of the world.
181223 But he explained to his disciples privately everything.
191224 Then Jesus left1225 the multitudes, and came to the house. And his disciples came unto him, and said unto him, Explain unto us that parable about the tares20 [Arabic, p. 67] and the field.1226 He answered and said unto them, He that sowed good seed is21 the Son of man;1227 and the field is the world; and the good seed are the children of the22 kingdom;1228 and the tares are the children of the evil one; and the enemy that sowed them1229 is Satan; and the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels.231230 And as the tares are separated and burned in the fire, so shall it be in the end of24 this world.1231 The Son of man shall send his angels, and separate from his kingdom25 all things that injure,1232 and all the doers of iniquity, and they shall cast them into the26 furnace of fire: and there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.1233 Then the righteous shall shine as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Whosoever hath ears that hear, let him hear.
271234 And again the kingdom of heaven is like treasure hid in a field: that which a man found and hid; and, for his pleasure in it, went and sold all that he had, and bought that field.
281235 And again the kingdom of heaven is like a man that is a merchant seeking excellent29 pearls;1236 and when he found one pearl of great price, he went and sold everything that he had, and bought it.
301237 And again the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast1238 into the sea, and31 gathered of every kind:1239 and when it was filled, they drew it up on to the shore of the sea, and sat down to select; and the good of them they threw into the vessels,32 and the bad they threw outside.1240 Thus shall it be in the end of the world: the angels33 shall go forth,1241 and separate the wicked from among the good, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
341242 Jesus said unto them, Have ye understood all these things? They said unto35 [Arabic, p. 68] him, Yea, our Lord.1243 He said unto them, Therefore every scribe that becometh a disciple of the kingdom of heaven is like a man that is a householder, who bringeth out of his treasures the new and the old.
[36, 37]1244 And when Jesus had finished all these parables, he removed thence, and came to his city;1245 and he taught them in their synagogues, so that they were perplexed.381246 And when the sabbath came, Jesus began to teach in the synagogue; and many of39 those that heard marvelled, and said, Whence came these things to this man? And many envied him and gave no heed to him, but said, What is this wisdom that is given to this man, that there should happen at his hands such as these mighty works?1247401248 Is not this a carpenter, son of a carpenter? and is not his mother called Mary? and41 his brethren, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?1249 And his sisters, all of them,42 lo, are they not all with us?1250 Whence hath this man all these things? And they were in doubt concerning him.1251 And Jesus knew their opinion, and said unto them, Will ye haply1252 say unto me this proverb, Physician, heal first thyself: and all that43 we have heard that thou didst in Capernaum, do here also in thine own city?1253 And he said, Verily I say unto you, A prophet is not received in his own city, nor among44 his brethren:1254 for a prophet is not despised, save in his own city, and among his own45 kin, and in his own house.1255 Verily I say unto you, In the days of Elijah the prophet, there were many widows among the children of Israel, when the heaven held back46 three years and six months,1256 and there was a great famine in all the land; and Elijah [Arabic, p. 69] was not sent to one of them, save to Zarephath of Sidon, to a woman that was47 a widow.1257 And many lepers were among the children of Israel in the days of Elisha the prophet; but not one of them was cleansed, save Naaman the Nabathæan.1258481259 And he was not able to do there many mighty works,1260 because of their unbelief;49 except that he laid his hand upon a few of the sick, and healed them.1261 And he marvelled50 at their lack of faith.1262 And when those who were in the synagogue heard,51 they were all filled with wrath; and they rose up,1263 and brought him forth outside the city, and brought him to the brow of the hill upon which their city was built, that52 they might cast him from its summit:1264 but he passed through among them and went away.
531265 And he went about in the villages which were around Nazareth, and taught in their synagogues.
Notes
- 1
Parechein mikropsuchian, perhaps "causes you ill-feeling." The translation of Serapion's letter with this note is taken from Mr. Armitage Robinson's edition of the gospel.
- 1204
.
- 2
This translation is based on that which I published in The Gospel and Apocalypse of Peter: Two Lectures, etc. (Camb., 1892). It is now carefully revised in accordance with the photographic facsimile. A corrected Greek text will be found in Dr. Swete's edition (1893).
- 1205
.
- 3
Par[alem]phthenai is perhaps supported by paralabontes, .
- 1206
.
- 4
I know no other instance of stauriskein.
- 1207
.
- 5
cf. , where Syr. Pesch. reads: "They say, These bodies shall not remain on the cross, because the sabbath dawneth."
- 1208
.
- 6
The text here is corrupt: for epesanto I have provisionally read epesan te.
- 1209
.
- 1210
See above, § 4, 24, note.
- 7
For autos horas we must read autes horas (cf. Clem., Hom., xx., 16); aute is the equivalent in later Greek literature of ekeine, as in the modern tongue (cf. Lc. x. 7, 21, and xii. 12; || ekeine, Mt., Mc.)
- 1211
.
- 1212
a.
- 1213
b.
- 10
[cf. John passim.]
- 1214
b; a.
- 11
[cf. .]
- 1215
c; b.
- 12
[cf. ; .]
- 1216
b; b.
- 1217
; or rather a.
- 1218
b.
- 15
[cf. .]
- 1219
b.
- 16
[cf. .]
- 1220
a; b.
- 17
For further explanation of the method followed see 20.
- 1221
b; .
- 1222
The word (if not a corruption of that used in the Brit. Mus. text of Ibn-at-Tayyib's Commentary, and in § 43, 46 where, however, according to Ciasca's foot-note, it was not the word first written by the scribe) is Syriac. Perhaps it means the ends of the earth (see P. Smith, Thes. Syr.). Still a third word is used in § 47, 42.
- 18
See notes to § 7, 47, and § 52, 36, of the present translation.
- 1223
b.
- 19
See below, 12, (2).
- 1224
.
- 1225
cf. § 11, 32, note.
- 20
See also below, 6, and 20.
- 1226
.
- 21
Bibl. Or., i., 619.
- 1227
.
- 22
Mai, Vet. script. nova. collect., iv., 14.
- 1228
.
- 1229
Singular.
- 23
cf. Zahn, Forschungen, i., 294 ff.
- 1230
.
- 24
See below, § 7, 47, note, and § 52, 36, note.
- 1231
.
- 25
See below, § 28, 43, note.
- 1232
.
- 26
See below, foot-notes, passim.
- 1233
.
- 27
The first leaf bears a more pretentious Latin inscription, quoted by Ciasca, p. vi.
- 1234
.
- 28
Can this be a misprint for 95?
- 1235
.
- 29
See below, 13.
- 1236
.
- 30
He does not state, in so many words, that the list is absolutely exhaustive.
- 1237
.
- 1238
cf. note to § 10, 8.
- 31
See, e.g., below, § 13, 42, note, and § 14, 43, note.
- 1239
.
- 32
See the valuable article of Guidi, "Le traduzioni degli Evangelii in arabo e in etiopico" (Atti della R. Accademia dei Lincei; Classe di Scienze Morali, Storiche e filologiche. Serie Quarta, 1888, Parte Prima—Memorie, pp. 5-38). Some of his results are briefly stated in Scrivener, A Plain Introd. to the Crit. of the N.T., 4th ed., ii., 162.
- 1240
.
- 33
cf.the foot-notes passim, e.g., § 13, 14, § 14, 24.
- 1241
.
- 34
See below, note to Subscription.
- 1242
.
- 35
See a glaring case in § 52, 11.
- 1243
.
- 1244
.
- 1245
.
- 38
The text is given below in full at its proper place.
- 1246
.
- 39
Prof. Gottheil, indeed, announced in 1892 in the Journal of Biblical Literature (vol. xi., pt. i., p. 71) that he had been privately informed of the existence of a complete copy of the Syriac Diatessaron. Unfortunately, however, as he has kindly informed me, he has reluctantly come to the conclusion that the ms. in question, which is not yet accessible, is "nothing more than the commentary of Ishodad" mentioned in the text. A similar rumor lately circulated probably originated simply in the pamphlet of Goussen mentioned in the next note. S. Bäumer, on the other hand, in his article, "Tatians Diatessaron, seine bisher. Lit. u. die Reconstruction des Textes nach einer neuentdeckten Handschrift" (Literarischer Handweiser, 1890, 153-169) which the present writer has not been able to see, perhaps refers simply to the Borgian ms.
- 1247
Lit. powers.
- 40
Attention was called to these by Profs. Isaac H. Hall and R. J. H. Gottheil (Journ. of Bibl. Lit., x., 153 ff.; xi., 68 ff.); then by Prof. J. R. Harris (Contemp. Rev., Aug., 1895, p. 271 ff., and, more fully, Fragments of the Com. of Ephr. Syr. on the Diatess., London, 1895) and by Goussen (Studia Theologica, fasc. i., Lips., 1895).
- 1248
.
- 41
Prof. Harris promises an edition of this commentary.
- 1249
.
- 42
Harris, Fragments, p. 14, where the Syriac text is quoted.
- 1250
.
- 1251
.
- 1252
cf. above, § 4, 24, note.
- 43
Bib. Or., ii., 159 f. Most of them are repeated again by Bar Hebræus (d. 1286), although some confusion is produced by his interweaving some phrases from Eusebius of Cæsarea. (Bib. Or., i., 57 f., and a longer quotation in English in Contemp. Rev., Aug., 1895, p. 274 f.)
- 1253
.
- 44
Lagarde's statement (Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellsch. der Wiss., etc., zu Göttingen, 1891, No. 4, p. 153) that a ms. had been discovered, appears to have been unfounded. Prof. Rahlfs of Göttingen kindly tells me that he believes this is so.
- 1254
b.
- 45
Migne, Patrol. græc., tom. lxxxiii., col. 369, 372.
- 1255
.
- 46
Published at Venice in 1836.
- 1256
.
- 47
The two Armenian mss. are dated a.d. 1195.
- 1257
.
- 1258
Of the Syriac versions Cur. and Sin. are wanting. Pesh. has Aramæan.
- 48
Evangelii Concordantis Expositio, facta a S. Ephraemo (Ven., 1876).
- 1259
.
- 1260
Lit. powers.
- 49
Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons, I. Theil.
- 1261
a.
- 50
Edited by Ernestus Ranke, Marb. and Lips., 1868.
- 1262
.
- 51
For other forms of the Diatessaron, of no critical importance, see S. Hemphill, The Diatessaron of Tatian (London, 1888), Appendix D and the refs. there.
- 1263
.
- 52
Further references, chiefly repetitions in one form or another of the statements we have quoted, may be found in a convenient form in Harnack, Gesch. d. altchrist. Lit. bis. Euseb., 493-496; cf. also the works mentioned by Hill (op. cit.) p. 378 f.
- 1264
.
- 53
cf. the words of Aphraates, senior contemporary of Ephraem: "As it is written in the beginning of the Gospel of our Vivifier: In the beginning was the Word." (Patrol. Syr., pars i., tom. i., 21, lines 17-19).
- 1265
b.