Early Church Fathers
Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 3
Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson and A. Cleveland Coxe · AD 95–325 (English edition 1885–96)
Tertullian’s Apology, his works against Marcion and the heretics, and his moral writings.
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Contents
Tertullian
I. Apology50 pages
- The Apology
- Chapter II
- Chapter III
- Chapter IV
- Chapter V
- Chapter VI
- Chapter VII
- Chapter VIII
- Chapter IX
- Chapter X
- Chapter XI
- Chapter XII
- Chapter XIII
- Chapter XIV
- Chapter XV
- Chapter XVI
- Chapter XVII
- Chapter XVIII
- Chapter XIX
- Chapter XX
- Chapter XXI
- Chapter XXII
- Chapter XXIII
- Chapter XXIV
- Chapter XXV
- Chapter XXVI
- Chapter XXVII
- Chapter XXVIII
- Chapter XXIX
- Chapter XXX
- Chapter XXXI
- Chapter XXXII
- Chapter XXXIII
- Chapter XXXIV
- Chapter XXXV
- Chapter XXXVI
- Chapter XXXVII
- Chapter XXXVIII
- Chapter XXXIX
- Chapter XL
- Chapter XLI
- Chapter XLII
- Chapter XLIII
- Chapter XLIV
- Chapter XLV
- Chapter XLVI
- Chapter XLVII
- Chapter XLVIII
- Chapter XLIX
- Chapter L
On Idolatry
II. On Idolatry24 pages
- Chapter I.—Wide Scope of the Word Idolatry
- Chapter II.—Idolatry in Its More Limited Sense. Its Copiousness
- Chapter III.—Idolatry: Origin and Meaning of the Name
- Chapter IV.—Idols Not to Be Made, Much Less Worshipped. Idols and Idol-Makers in the Same Category
- Chapter V.—Sundry Objections or Excuses Dealt with
- Chapter VI.—Idolatry Condemned by Baptism. To Make an Idol Is, in Fact, to Worship It
- Chapter VII.—Grief of the Faithful at the Admission of Idol-Makers into the Church; Nay, Even into the Ministry
- Chapter VIII.—Other Arts Made Subservient to Idolatry. Lawful Means of Gaining a Livelihood Abundant
- Chapter IX.—Professions of Some Kinds Allied to Idolatry. Of Astrology in Particular
- Chapter X.—Of Schoolmasters and Their Difficulties
- Chapter XI.—Connection Between Covetousness and Idolatry. Certain Trades, However Gainful, to Be Avoided
- Chapter XII.—Further Answers to the Plea, How Am I to Live?
- Chapter XIII.—Of the Observance of Days Connected with Idolatry
- Chapter XIV.—Of Blasphemy. One of St. Paul's Sayings
- Chapter XV.—Concerning Festivals in Honour of Emperors, Victories, and the Like. Examples of the Three Children and Daniel
- Chapter XVI.—Concerning Private Festivals
- Chapter XVII.—The Cases of Servants and Other Officials. What Offices a Christian Man May Hold
- Chapter XVIII.—Dress as Connected with Idolatry
- Chapter XIX.—Concerning Military Service
- Chapter XX.—Concerning Idolatry in Words
- Chapter XXI.—Of Silent Acquiescence in Heathen Formularies
- Chapter XXII.—Of Accepting Blessing in the Name of Idols
- Chapter XXIII.—Written Contracts in the Name of Idols. Tacit Consent
- Chapter XXIV.—General Conclusion
The Shows, or De Spectaculis
III. The Shows, or De Spectaculis30 pages
- Chapter I
- Chapter II
- Chapter III
- Chapter IV
- Chapter V
- Chapter VI
- Chapter VII
- Chapter VIII
- Chapter IX
- Chapter X
- Chapter XI
- Chapter XII
- Chapter XIII
- Chapter XIV
- Chapter XV
- Chapter XVI
- Chapter XVII
- Chapter XVIII
- Chapter XIX
- Chapter XX
- Chapter XXI
- Chapter XXII
- Chapter XXIII
- Chapter XXIV
- Chapter XXV
- Chapter XXVI
- Chapter XXVII
- Chapter XXVIII
- Chapter XXIX
- Chapter XXX
The Chaplet, or De Corona
To Scapula
V. To Scapula5 pages
Book I
VI. Ad Nationes. Book I38 pages
- Chapter I.—The Hatred Felt by the Heathen Against the Christians is Unjust, Because Based on Culpable Ignorance
- Chapter II.—The Heathen Perverted Judgment in the Trial of Christians. They Would Be More Consistent If They Dispensed with All Form of Trial. Tertullian Urges This with Much Indignation
- Chapter III.—The Great Offence in the Christians Lies in Their Very Name. The Name Vindicated
- Chapter IV.—The Truth Hated in the Christians; So in Measure Was It, of Old, in Socrates. The Virtues of the Christians
- Chapter V.—The Inconsistent Life of Any False Christian No More Condemns True Disciples of Christ, Than a Passing Cloud Obscures a Summer Sky
- Chapter VI.—The Innocence of the Christians Not Compromised by the Iniquitous Laws Which Were Made Against Them
- Chapter VII.—The Christians Defamed. A Sarcastic Description of Fame; Its Deception and Atrocious Slanders of the Christians Lengthily Described
- Chapter VIII.—The Calumny Against the Christians Illustrated in the Discovery of Psammetichus. Refutation of the Story
- Chapter IX.—The Christians are Not the Cause of Public Calamities: There Were Such Troubles Before Christianity
- Chapter X.—The Christians are Not the Only Contemners of the Gods. Contempt of Them Often Displayed by Heathen Official Persons. Homer Made the Gods Contemptible
- Chapter XI.—The Absurd Cavil of the Ass's Head Disposed of
- Chapter XII.—The Charge of Worshipping a Cross. The Heathens Themselves Made Much of Crosses in Sacred Things; Nay, Their Very Idols Were Formed on a Crucial Frame
- Chapter XIII.—The Charge of Worshipping the Sun Met by a Retort
- Chapter XIV.—The Vile Calumny About Onocoetes Retorted on the Heathen by Tertullian
- Chapter XV.—The Charge of Infanticide Retorted on the Heathen
- Chapter XVI.—Other Charges Repelled by the Same Method. The Story of the Noble Roman Youth and His Parents
- Chapter XVII.—The Christian Refusal to Swear by the Genius of Cæsar. Flippancy and Irreverence Retorted on the Heathen
- Chapter XVIII.—Christians Charged with an Obstinate Contempt of Death. Instances of the Same are Found Amongst the Heathen
- Chapter XIX.—If Christians and the Heathen Thus Resemble Each Other, There is Great Difference in the Grounds and Nature of Their Apparently Similar Conduct
- Chapter XX.—Truth and Reality Pertain to Christians Alone. The Heathen Counselled to Examine and Embrace It
- Book II
- Chapter II.—Philosophers Had Not Succeeded in Discovering God. The Uncertainty and Confusion of Their Speculations
- Chapter III.—The Physical Philosophers Maintained the Divinity of the Elements; The Absurdity of the Tenet Exposed
- Chapter IV.—Wrong Derivation of the Word Theos. The Name Indicative of the True Deity. God Without Shape and Immaterial. Anecdote of Thales
- Chapter V.—The Physical Theory Continued. Further Reasons Advanced Against the Divinity of the Elements
- Chapter VI.—The Changes of the Heavenly Bodies, Proof that They are Not Divine. Transition from the Physical to the Mythic Class of Gods
- Chapter VII.—The Gods of the Mythic Class. The Poets a Very Poor Authority in Such Matters. Homer and the Mythic Poets. Why Irreligious
- Chapter VIII.—The Gods of the Different Nations. Varro's Gentile Class. Their Inferiority. A Good Deal of This Perverse Theology Taken from Scripture. Serapis a Perversion of Joseph
- Chapter IX.—The Power of Rome. Romanized Aspect of All the Heathen Mythology. Varro's Threefold Distribution Criticised. Roman Heroes (Æneas Included,) Unfavourably Reviewed
- Chapter X.—A Disgraceful Feature of the Roman Mythology. It Honours Such Infamous Characters as Larentina
- Chapter XI.—The Romans Provided Gods for Birth, Nay, Even Before Birth, to Death. Much Indelicacy in This System
- Chapter XII.—The Original Deities Were Human—With Some Very Questionable Characteristics. Saturn or Time Was Human. Inconsistencies of Opinion About Him
- Chapter XIII.—The Gods Human at First. Who Had the Authority to Make Them Divine? Jupiter Not Only Human, But Immoral
- Chapter XIV.—Gods, Those Which Were Confessedly Elevated to the Divine Condition, What Pre-Eminent Right Had They to Such Honour? Hercules an Inferior Character
- Chapter XV.—The Constellations and the Genii Very Indifferent Gods. The Roman Monopoly of Gods Unsatisfactory. Other Nations Require Deities Quite as Much
- Chapter XVI.—Inventors of Useful Arts Unworthy of Deification. They Would Be the First to Acknowledge a Creator. The Arts Changeable from Time to Time, and Some Become Obsolete
- Chapter XVII.—Conclusion, the Romans Owe Not Their Imperial Power to Their Gods. The Great God Alone Dispenses Kingdoms, He is the God of the Christians
- Appendix. A Fragment Concerning the Execrable Gods of the Heathen
An Answer to the Jews
VII. An Answer to the Jews14 pages
- Chapter I.—Occasion of Writing. Relative Position of Jews and Gentiles Illustrated
- Chapter II.—The Law Anterior to Moses
- Chapter III.—Of Circumcision and the Supercession of the Old Law
- Chapter IV.—Of the Observance of the Sabbath
- Chapter V.—Of Sacrifices
- Chapter VI.—Of the Abolition and the Abolisher of the Old Law
- Chapter VII.—The Question Whether Christ Be Come Taken Up
- Chapter VIII.—Of the Times of Christ's Birth and Passion, and of Jerusalem's Destruction
- Chapter IX.—Of the Prophecies of the Birth and Achievements of Christ
- Chapter X.—Concerning the Passion of Christ, and Its Old Testament Predictions and Adumbrations
- Chapter XI.—Further Proofs, from Ezekiel. Summary of the Prophetic Argument Thus Far
- Chapter XII.—Further Proofs from the Calling of the Gentiles
- Chapter XIII.—Argument from the Destruction of Jerusalem and Desolation of Judea
- Chapter XIV.—Conclusion. Clue to the Error of the Jews
The Soul's Testimony
VIII. The Soul's Testimony6 pages
A Treatise on the Soul
IX. A Treatise on the Soul57 pages
- Chapter I.—It is Not to the Philosophers that We Resort for Information About the Soul But to God
- Chapter II.—The Christian Has Sure and Simple Knowledge Concerning the Subject Before Us
- Chapter III.—The Soul's Origin Defined Out of the Simple Words of Scripture
- Chapter IV.—In Opposition to Plato, the Soul Was Created and Originated at Birth
- Chapter V.—Probable View of the Stoics, that the Soul Has a Corporeal Nature
- Chapter VI.—The Arguments of the Platonists for the Soul's Incorporeality, Opposed, Perhaps Frivolously
- Chapter VII.—The Soul's Corporeality Demonstrated Out of the Gospels
- Chapter VIII.—Other Platonist Arguments Considered
- Chapter IX.—Particulars of the Alleged Communication to a Montanist Sister
- Chapter X.—The Simple Nature of the Soul is Asserted with Plato. The Identity of Spirit and Soul
- Chapter XI.—Spirit—A Term Expressive of an Operation of the Soul, Not of Its Nature. To Be Carefully Distinguished from the Spirit of God
- Chapter XII.—Difference Between the Mind and the Soul, and the Relation Between Them
- Chapter XIII.—The Soul's Supremacy
- Chapter XIV.—The Soul Variously Divided by the Philosophers; This Division is Not a Material Dissection
- Chapter XV.—The Soul's Vitality and Intelligence. Its Character and Seat in Man
- Chapter XVI.—The Soul's Parts. Elements of the Rational Soul
- Chapter XVII.—The Fidelity of the Senses, Impugned by Plato, Vindicated by Christ Himself
- Chapter XVIII.—Plato Suggested Certain Errors to the Gnostics. Functions of the Soul
- Chapter XIX.—The Intellect Coeval with the Soul in the Human Being. An Example from Aristotle Converted into Evidence Favourable to These Views
- Chapter XX.—The Soul, as to Its Nature Uniform, But Its Faculties Variously Developed. Varieties Only Accidental
- Chapter XXI.—As Free-Will Actuates an Individual So May His Character Change
- Chapter XXII.—Recapitulation. Definition of the Soul
- Chapter XXIII.—The Opinions of Sundry Heretics Which Originate Ultimately with Plato
- Chapter XXIV.—Plato's Inconsistency. He Supposes the Soul Self-Existent, Yet Capable of Forgetting What Passed in a Previous State
- Chapter XXV.—Tertullian Refutes, Physiologically, the Notion that the Soul is Introduced After Birth
- Chapter XXVI.—Scripture Alone Offers Clear Knowledge on the Questions We Have Been Controverting
- Chapter XXVII.—Soul and Body Conceived, Formed and Perfected in Element Simultaneously
- Chapter XXVIII.—The Pythagorean Doctrine of Transmigration Sketched and Censured
- Chapter XXIX.—The Pythagorean Doctrine Refuted by Its Own First Principle, that Living Men are Formed from the Dead
- Chapter XXX.—Further Refutation of the Pythagorean Theory. The State of Contemporary Civilisation
- Chapter XXXI.—Further Exposure of Transmigration, Its Inextricable Embarrassment
- Chapter XXXII.—Empedocles Increased the Absurdity of Pythagoras by Developing the Posthumous Change of Men into Various Animals
- Chapter XXXIII.—The Judicial Retribution of These Migrations Refuted with Raillery
- Chapter XXXIV.—These Vagaries Stimulated Some Profane Corruptions of Christianity. The Profanity of Simon Magus Condemned
- Chapter XXXV.—The Opinions of Carpocrates, Another Offset from the Pythagorean Dogmas, Stated and Confuted
- Chapter XXXVI.—The Main Points of Our Author's Subject. On the Sexes of the Human Race
- Chapter XXXVII.—On the Formation and State of the Embryo. Its Relation with the Subject of This Treatise
- Chapter XXXVIII.—On the Growth of the Soul. Its Maturity Coincident with the Maturity of the Flesh in Man
- Chapter XXXIX.—The Evil Spirit Has Marred the Purity of the Soul from the Very Birth
- Chapter XL.—The Body of Man Only Ancillary to the Soul in the Commission of Evil
- Chapter XLI.—Notwithstanding the Depravity of Man's Soul by Original Sin, There is Yet Left a Basis Whereon Divine Grace Can Work for Its Recovery by Spiritual Regeneration
- Chapter XLII.—Sleep, the Mirror of Death, as Introductory to the Consideration of Death
- Chapter XLIII.—Sleep a Natural Function as Shown by Other Considerations, and by the Testimony of Scripture
- Chapter XLIV.—The Story of Hermotimus, and the Sleeplessness of the Emperor Nero. No Separation of the Soul from the Body Until Death
- Chapter XLV.—Dreams, an Incidental Effect of the Soul's Activity. Ecstasy
- Chapter XLVI.—Diversity of Dreams and Visions. Epicurus Thought Lightly of Them, Though Generally Most Highly Valued. Instances of Dreams
- Chapter XLVII.—Dreams Variously Classified. Some are God-Sent, as the Dreams of Nebuchadnezzar; Others Simply Products of Nature
- Chapter XLVIII.—Causes and Circumstances of Dreams. What Best Contributes to Efficient Dreaming
- Chapter XLIX.—No Soul Naturally Exempt from Dreams
- Chapter L.—The Absurd Opinion of Epicurus and the Profane Conceits of the Heretic Menander on Death, Even Enoch and Elijah Reserved for Death
- Chapter LI.—Death Entirely Separates the Soul from the Body
- Chapter LII.—All Kinds of Death a Violence to Nature, Arising from Sin.—Sin an Intrusion Upon Nature as God Created It
- Chapter LIII.—The Entire Soul Being Indivisible Remains to the Last Act of Vitality; Never Partially or Fractionally Withdrawn from the Body
- Chapter LIV.—Whither Does the Soul Retire When It Quits the Body? Opinions of Philosophers All More or Less Absurd. The Hades of Plato
- Chapter LV.—The Christian Idea of the Position of Hades; The Blessedness of Paradise Immediately After Death. The Privilege of the Martyrs
- Chapter LVII.—Magic and Sorcery Only Apparent in Their Effects. God Alone Can Raise the Dead
- Chapter LVIII.—Conclusion. Points Postponed. All Souls are Kept in Hades Until the Resurrection, Anticipating Their Ultimate Misery or Bliss
Tertullian
I. The Prescription Against Heretics33 pages
- Chapter I.—Introductory. Heresies Must Exist, and Even Abound; They are a Probation to Faith
- Chapter II.—Analogy Between Fevers and Heresies. Heresies Not to Be Wondered At: Their Strength Derived from Weakness of Men's Faith. They Have Not the Truth. Simile of Pugilists and Gladiators in Illustration
- Chapter III.—Weak People Fall an Easy Prey to Heresy, Which Derives Strength from the General Frailty of Mankind. Eminent Men Have Fallen from Faith; Saul, David, Solomon. The Constancy of Christ
- Chapter IV.—Warnings Against Heresy Given Us in the New Testament. Sundry Passages Adduced. These Imply the Possibility of Falling into Heresy
- Chapter VI.—Heretics are Self-Condemned. Heresy is Self-Will, Whilst Faith is Submission of Our Will to the Divine Authority. The Heresy of Apelles
- Chapter VII.—Pagan Philosophy the Parent of Heresies. The Connection Between Deflections from Christian Faith and the Old Systems of Pagan Philosophy
- Chapter IX.—The Research After Definite Truth Enjoined on Us. When We Have Discovered This, We Should Be Content
- Chapter X.—One Has Succeeded in Finding Definite Truth, When He Believes. Heretical Wits are Always Offering Many Things for Vain Discussion, But We are Not to Be Always Seeking
- Chapter XI.—After We Have Believed, Search Should Cease; Otherwise It Must End in a Denial of What We Have Believed. No Other Object Proposed for Our Faith
- Chapter XII.—A Proper Seeking After Divine Knowledge, Which Will Never Be Out of Place or Excessive, is Always Within the Rule of Faith
- Chapter XIII.—Summary of the Creed, or Rule of Faith. No Questions Ever Raised About It by Believers. Heretics Encourage and Perpetuate Thought Independent of Christ's Teaching
- Chapter XIV.—Curiosity Ought Not Range Beyond the Rule of Faith. Restless Curiosity, the Feature of Heresy
- Chapter XV.—Heretics Not to Be Allowed to Argue Out of the Scriptures. The Scriptures, in Fact, Do Not Belong to Them
- Chapter XVI.—Apostolic Sanction to This Exclusion of Heretics from the Use of the Scriptures. Heretics, According to the Apostle, are Not to Be Disputed With, But to Be Admonished
- Chapter XVII.—Heretics, in Fact, Do Not Use, But Only Abuse, Scripture. No Common Ground Between Them and You
- Chapter XVIII.—Great Evil Ensues to the Weak in Faith, from Any Discussion Out of the Scriptures. Conviction Never Comes to the Heretic from Such a Process
- Chapter XIX.—Appeal, in Discussion of Heresy, Lies Not to the Scriptures. The Scriptures Belong Only to Those Who Have the Rule of Faith
- Chapter XXII.—Attempt to Invalidate This Rule of Faith Rebutted. The Apostles Safe Transmitters of the Truth. Sufficiently Taught at First, and Faithful in the Transmission
- Chapter XXIII.—The Apostles Not Ignorant. The Heretical Pretence of St. Peter's Imperfection Because He Was Rebuked by St. Paul. St. Peter Not Rebuked for Error in Teaching
- Chapter XXV.—The Apostles Did Not Keep Back Any of the Deposit of Doctrine Which Christ Had Entrusted to Them. St. Paul Openly Committed His Whole Doctrine to Timothy
- Chapter XXVI.—The Apostles Did in All Cases Teach the Whole Truth to the Whole Church. No Reservation, Nor Partial Communication to Favourite Friends
- Chapter XXVII.—Granted that the Apostles Transmitted the Whole Doctrine of Truth, May Not the Churches Have Been Unfaithful in Handing It On? Inconceivable that This Can Have Been the Case
- Chapter XXVIII.—The One Tradition of the Faith, Which is Substantially Alike in the Churches Everywhere, a Good Proof that the Transmission Has Been True and Honest in the Main
- Chapter XXIX.—The Truth Not Indebted to the Care of the Heretics; It Had Free Course Before They Appeared. Priority of the Church's Doctrine a Mark of Its Truth
- Chapter XXX.—Comparative Lateness of Heresies. Marcion's Heresy. Some Personal Facts About Him. The Heresy of Apelles. Character of This Man; Philumene; Valentinus; Nigidius, and Hermogenes
- Chapter XXXI.—Truth First, Falsehood Afterwards, as Its Perversion. Christ's Parable Puts the Sowing of the Good Seed Before the Useless Tares
- Chapter XXXIII.—Present Heresies (Seedlings of the Tares Noted by the Sacred Writers) Already Condemned in Scripture. This Descent of Later Heresy from the Earlier Traced in Several Instances
- Chapter XXXIV.—No Early Controversy Respecting the Divine Creator; No Second God Introduced at First. Heresies Condemned Alike by the Sentence and the Silence of Holy Scripture
- Chapter XXXV.—Let Heretics Maintain Their Claims by a Definite and Intelligible Evidence. This the Only Method of Solving Their Questions. Catholics Appeal Always to Evidence Traceable to Apostolic Sources
- Chapter XXXVII.—Heretics Not Being Christians, But Rather Perverters of Christ's Teaching, May Not Claim the Christian Scriptures. These are a Deposit, Committed to and Carefully Kept by the Church
- Chapter XXXVIII.—Harmony of the Church and the Scriptures. Heretics Have Tampered with the Scriptures, and Mutilated, and Altered Them. Catholics Never Change the Scriptures, Which Always Testify for Them
- Chapter XLI.—The Conduct of Heretics: Its Frivolity, Worldliness, and Irregularity. The Notorious Wantonness of Their Women
- Chapter XLII.—Heretics Work to Pull Down and to Destroy, Not to Edify and Elevate. Heretics Do Not Adhere Even to Their Own Traditions, But Harbour Dissent Even from Their Own Founders
The Five Books Against Marcion
II. The Five Books Against Marcion. Book I. Wherein is described the god of Marcion. He is shown to be utterly wanting in all the attributes of the true God20 pages
- Chapter I.—Preface. Reason for a New Work. Pontus Lends Its Rough Character to the Heretic Marcion, a Native. His Heresy Characterized in a Brief Invective
- Chapter II.—Marcion, Aided by Cerdon, Teaches a Duality of Gods; How He Constructed This Heresy of an Evil and a Good God
- Chapter III.—The Unity of God. He is the Supreme Being, and There Cannot Be a Second Supreme
- Chapter IV.—Defence of the Divine Unity Against Objection. No Analogy Between Human Powers and God's Sovereignty. The Objection Otherwise Untenable, for Why Stop at Two Gods?
- Chapter V.—The Dual Principle Falls to the Ground; Plurality of Gods, of Whatever Number, More Consistent. Absurdity and Injury to Piety Resulting from Marcion's Duality
- Chapter VI.—Marcion Untrue to His Theory. He Pretends that His Gods are Equal, But He Really Makes Them Diverse. Then, Allowing Their Divinity, Denies This Diversity
- Chapter VIII.—Specific Points. The Novelty of Marcion's God Fatal to His Pretensions. God is from Everlasting, He Cannot Be in Any Wise New
- Chapter IX.—Marcion's Gnostic Pretensions Vain, for the True God is Neither Unknown Nor Uncertain. The Creator, Whom He Owns to Be God, Alone Supplies an Induction, by Which to Judge of the True God
- Chapter X.—The Creator Was Known as the True God from the First by His Creation. Acknowledged by the Soul and Conscience of Man Before He Was Revealed by Moses
- Chapter XII.—Impossibility of Acknowledging God Without This External Evidence Of His Existence. Marcion's Rejection of Such Evidence for His God Savours of Impudence and Malignity
- Chapter XVII.—Not Enough, as the Marcionites Pretend, that the Supreme God Should Rescue Man; He Must Also Have Created Him. The Existence of God Proved by His Creation, a Prior Consideration to His Character
- Chapter XVIII.—Notwithstanding Their Conceits, the God of the Marcionites Fails in the Vouchers Both of Created Evidence and of Adequate Revelation
- Chapter XXII.—God's Attribute of Goodness Considered as Natural; The God of Marcion Found Wanting Herein. It Came Not to Man's Rescue When First Wanted
- Chapter XXIII.—God's Attribute of Goodness Considered as Rational. Marcion's God Defective Here Also; His Goodness Irrational and Misapplied
- Chapter XXIV.—The Goodness of Marcion's God Only Imperfectly Manifested; It Saves But Few, and the Souls Merely of These. Marcion's Contempt of the Body Absurd
- Chapter XXV.—God is Not a Being of Simple Goodness; Other Attributes Belong to Him. Marcion Shows Inconsistency in the Portraiture of His Simply Good and Emotionless God
- Chapter XXVI.—In the Attribute of Justice, Marcion's God is Hopelessly Weak and Ungodlike. He Dislikes Evil, But Does Not Punish Its Perpetration
- Chapter XXVII.—Dangerous Effects to Religion and Morality of the Doctrine of So Weak a God
- Chapter XXVIII.—This Perverse Doctrine Deprives Baptism of All Its Grace. If Marcion Be Right, the Sacrament Would Confer No Remission of Sins, No Regeneration, No Gift of the Spirit
- Chapter XXIX.—Marcion Forbids Marriage. Tertullian Eloquently Defends It as Holy, and Carefully Discriminates Between Marcion's Doctrine and His Own Montanism
Book II. Wherein Tertullian Shows That the Creator, or Demiurge, Whom Marcion Calumniated, Is the True and Good God20 pages
- Chapter I.—The Methods of Marcion's Argument Incorrect and Absurd. The Proper Course of the Argument
- Chapter IV.—The Next Stage Occurs in the Creation of Man by the Eternal Word. Spiritual as Well as Physical Gifts to Man. The Blessings of Man's Free-Will
- Chapter VIII.—Man, Endued with Liberty, Superior to the Angels, Overcomes Even the Angel Which Lured Him to His Fall, When Repentant and Resuming Obedience to God
- Chapter XI.—If, After Man's Sin, God Exercised His Attribute of Justice and Judgment, This Was Compatible with His Goodness, and Enhances the True Idea of the Perfection of God's Character
- Chapter XII.—The Attributes of Goodness and Justice Should Not Be Separated. They are Compatible in the True God. The Function of Justice in the Divine Being Described
- Chapter XIII.—Further Description of the Divine Justice; Since the Fall of Man It Has Regulated the Divine Goodness. God's Claims on Our Love and Our Fear Reconciled
- Chapter XIV.—Evil of Two Kinds, Penal and Criminal. It is Not of the Latter Sort that God is the Author, But Only of the Former, Which are Penal, and Included in His Justice
- Chapter XV.—The Severity of God Compatible with Reason and Justice. When Inflicted, Not Meant to Be Arbitrary, But Remedial
- Chapter XVI.—To the Severity of God There Belong Accessory Qualities, Compatible with Justice. If Human Passions are Predicated of God, They Must Not Be Measured on the Scale of Human Imperfection
- Chapter XVII.—Trace God's Government in History and in His Precepts, and You Will Find It Full of His Goodness
- Chapter XVIII.—Some of God's Laws Defended as Good, Which the Marcionites Impeached, Such as the Lex Talionis. Useful Purposes in a Social and Moral Point of View of This, and Sundry Other Enactments
- Chapter XX.—The Marcionites Charged God with Having Instigated the Hebrews to Spoil the Egyptians. Defence of the Divine Dispensation in that Matter
- Chapter XXI.—The Law of the Sabbath-Day Explained. The Eight Days' Procession Around Jericho. The Gathering of Sticks a Violation
- Chapter XXII.—The Brazen Serpent and the Golden Cherubim Were Not Violations of the Second Commandment. Their Meaning
- Chapter XXIII.—God's Purposes in Election and Rejection of the Same Men, Such as King Saul, Explained, in Answer to the Marcionite Cavil
- Chapter XXIV.—Instances of God's Repentance, and Notably in the Case of the Ninevites, Accounted for and Vindicated
- Chapter XXV.—God's Dealings with Adam at the Fall, and with Cain After His Crime, Admirably Explained and Defended
- Chapter XXVI.—The Oath of God: Its Meaning. Moses, When Deprecating God's Wrath Against Israel, a Type of Christ
- Chapter XXVIII.—The Tables Turned Upon Marcion, by Contrasts, in Favour of the True God
- Chapter XXIX.—Marcion's Own Antitheses, If Only the Title and Object of the Work Be Excepted, Afford Proofs of the Consistent Attributes of the True God
Book III. Wherein Christ is shown to be the Son of God, Who created the world; to have been predicted by the prophets; to have taken human flesh like our own, by a real incarnation34 pages
- Chapter I.—Introductory; A Brief Statement of the Preceding Argument in Connection with the Subject of This Book
- Chapter II.—Why Christ's Coming Should Be Previously Announced
- Chapter III.—Miracles Alone, Without Prophecy, an Insufficient Evidence of Christ's Mission
- Chapter IV.—Marcion's Christ Not the Subject of Prophecy. The Absurd Consequences of This Theory of the Heretic
- Chapter V.—Sundry Features of the Prophetic Style: Principles of Its Interpretation
- Chapter VI.—Community in Certain Points of Marcionite and Jewish Error. Prophecies of Christ's Rejection Examined
- Chapter VII.—Prophecy Sets Forth Two Different Conditions of Christ, One Lowly, the Other Majestic. This Fact Points to Two Advents of Christ
- Chapter VIII.—Absurdity of Marcion's Docetic Opinions; Reality of Christ's Incarnation
- Chapter IX.—Refutation of Marcion's Objections Derived from the Cases of the Angels, and the Pre-Incarnate Manifestations of the Son of God
- Chapter X.—The Truly Incarnate State More Worthy of God Than Marcion's Fantastic Flesh
- Chapter XI.—Christ Was Truly Born; Marcion's Absurd Cavil in Defence of a Putative Nativity
- Chapter XII.—Isaiah's Prophecy of Emmanuel. Christ Entitled to that Name
- Chapter XIII.—Isaiah's Prophecies Considered. The Virginity of Christ's Mother a Sign. Other Prophecies Also Signs. Metaphorical Sense of Proper Names in Sundry Passages of the Prophets
- Chapter XIV.—Figurative Style of Certain Messianic Prophecies in the Psalms. Military Metaphors Applied to Christ
- Chapter XV.—The Title Christ Suitable as a Name of the Creator's Son, But Unsuited to Marcion's Christ
- Chapter XVI.—The Sacred Name Jesus Most Suited to the Christ of the Creator. Joshua a Type of Him
- Chapter XVII.—Prophecies in Isaiah and the Psalms Respecting Christ's Humiliation
- Chapter XVIII.—Types of the Death of Christ. Isaac; Joseph; Jacob Against Simeon and Levi; Moses Praying Against Amalek; The Brazen Serpent
- Chapter XIX.—Prophecies of the Death of Christ
- Chapter XX.—The Subsequent Influence of Christ's Death in the World Predicted. The Sure Mercies of David. What These are
- Chapter XXI.—The Call of the Gentiles Under the Influence of the Gospel Foretold
- Chapter XXII.—The Success of the Apostles, and Their Sufferings in the Cause of the Gospel, Foretold
- Chapter XXIII.—The Dispersion of the Jews, and Their Desolate Condition for Rejecting Christ, Foretold
- Chapter XXIV.—Christ's Millennial and Heavenly Glory in Company with His Saints
- Book IV
- Chapter IV.—Each Side Claims to Possess the True Gospel. Antiquity the Criterion of Truth in Such a Matter. Marcion's Pretensions as an Amender of the Gospel
- Chapter XI.—The Call of Levi the Publican. Christ in Relation to the Baptist. Christ as the Bridegroom. The Parable of the Old Wine and the New. Arguments Connecting Christ with the Creator
- Chapter XV.—Sermon on the Mount Continued. Its Woes in Strict Agreement with the Creator's Disposition. Many Quotations Out of the Old Testament in Proof of This (part 1 of 3)
- Chapter XV.—Sermon on the Mount Continued. Its Woes in Strict Agreement with the Creator's Disposition. Many Quotations Out of the Old Testament in Proof of This (part 2 of 3)
- Chapter XV.—Sermon on the Mount Continued. Its Woes in Strict Agreement with the Creator's Disposition. Many Quotations Out of the Old Testament in Proof of This (part 3 of 3)
- Chapter XXVIII.—Examples from the Old Testament, Balaam, Moses, and Hezekiah, to Show How Completely the Instruction and Conduct of Christ Are in Keeping with the Will and Purpose of the Creator
- Chapter XXXII.—A Sort of Sorites, as the Logicians Call It, to Show that the Parables of the Lost Sheep and the Lost Drachma Have No Suitable Application to the Christ of Marcion (part 1 of 2)
- Chapter XXXII.—A Sort of Sorites, as the Logicians Call It, to Show that the Parables of the Lost Sheep and the Lost Drachma Have No Suitable Application to the Christ of Marcion (part 2 of 2)
- Dr. Holmes' Note
Additional Note5 pages
Against Hermogenes
III. Against Hermogenes. Containing an Argument Against His Opinion that Matter is Eternal43 pages
- Chapter I.—The Opinions of Hermogenes, by the Prescriptive Rule of Antiquity Shown to Be Heretical. Not Derived from Christianity, But from Heathen Philosophy. Some of the Tenets Mentioned
- Chapter II.—Hermogenes, After a Perverse Induction from Mere Heretical Assumptions, Concludes that God Created All Things Out of Pre-Existing Matter
- Chapter IV.—Hermogenes Gives Divine Attributes to Matter, and So Makes Two Gods
- Chapter V.—Hermogenes Coquets with His Own Argument, as If Rather Afraid of It. After Investing Matter with Divine Qualities, He Tries to Make It Somehow Inferior to God
- Chapter VI.—The Shifts to Which Hermogenes is Reduced, Who Deifies Matter, and Yet is Unwilling to Hold Him Equal with the Divine Creator
- Chapter VII.—Hermogenes Held to His Theory in Order that Its Absurdity May Be Exposed on His Own Principles
- Chapter VIII.—On His Own Principles, Hermogenes Makes Matter, on the Whole, Superior to God
- Chapter IX.—Sundry Inevitable But Intolerable Conclusions from the Principles of Hermogenes
- Chapter X.—To What Straits Hermogenes Absurdly Reduces the Divine Being. He Does Nothing Short of Making Him the Author of Evil
- Chapter XI.—Hermogenes Makes Great Efforts to Remove Evil from God to Matter. How He Fails to Do This Consistently with His Own Argument
- Chapter XII.—The Mode of Controversy Changed. The Premisses of Hermogenes Accepted, in Order to Show into What Confusion They Lead Him
- Chapter XIII.—Another Ground of Hermogenes that Matter Has Some Good in It. Its Absurdity
- Chapter XIV.—Tertullian Pushes His Opponent into a Dilemma
- Chapter XV.—The Truth, that God Made All Things from Nothing, Rescued from the Opponent's Flounderings
- Chapter XVI.—A Series of Dilemmas. They Show that Hermogenes Cannot Escape from the Orthodox Conclusion
- Chapter XVII.—The Truth of God's Work in Creation. You Cannot Depart in the Least from It, Without Landing Yourself in an Absurdity
- Chapter XVIII.—An Eulogy on the Wisdom and Word of God, by Which God Made All Things of Nothing
- Chapter XIX.—An Appeal to the History of Creation. True Meaning of the Term Beginning, Which the Heretic Curiously Wrests to an Absurd Sense
- Chapter XX.—Meaning of the Phrase—In the Beginning. Tertullian Connects It with the Wisdom of God, and Elicits from It the Truth that the Creation Was Not Out of Pre-Existent Matter
- Chapter XXI.—A Retort of Heresy Answered. That Scripture Should in So Many Words Tell Us that the World Was Made of Nothing is Superfluous
- Chapter XXII.—This Conclusion Confirmed by the Usage of Holy Scripture in Its History of the Creation. Hermogenes in Danger of the Woe Pronounced Against Adding to Scripture
- Chapter XXIII.—Hermogenes Pursued to Another Passage of Scripture. The Absurdity of His Interpretation Exposed
- Chapter XXIV.—Earth Does Not Mean Matter as Hermogenes Would Have It
- Chapter XXV.—The Assumption that There are Two Earths Mentioned in the History of the Creation, Refuted
- Chapter XXVI.—The Method Observed in the History of the Creation, in Reply to the Perverse Interpretation of Hermogenes
- Chapter XXVII.—Some Hair-Splitting Use of Words in Which His Opponent Had Indulged
- Chapter XXVIII.—A Curious Inconsistency in Hermogenes Exposed. Certain Expressions in The History of Creation Vindicated in The True Sense
- Chapter XXIX.—The Gradual Development of Cosmical Order Out of Chaos in the Creation, Beautifully Stated
- Chapter XXX.—Another Passage in the Sacred History of the Creation, Released from the Mishandling of Hermogenes
- Chapter XXXI.—A Further Vindication of the Scripture Narrative of the Creation, Against a Futile View of Hermogenes
- Chapter XXXII.—The Account of the Creation in Genesis a General One, Corroborated, However, by Many Other Passages of the Old Testament, Which Give Account of Specific Creations. Further Cavillings Confuted
- Chapter XXXIII.—Statement of the True Doctrine Concerning Matter. Its Relation to God's Creation of the World
- Chapter XXXV.—Contradictory Propositions Advanced by Hermogenes Respecting Matter and Its Qualities
- Chapter XXXVI.—Other Absurd Theories Respecting Matter and Its Incidents Exposed in an Ironical Strain. Motion in Matter. Hermogenes' Conceits Respecting It
- Chapter XXXVII.—Ironical Dilemmas Respecting Matter, and Sundry Moral Qualities Fancifully Attributed to It
- Chapter XXXIII.—Other Speculations of Hermogenes, About Matter and Some of Its Adjuncts, Shown to Be Absurd. For Instance, Its Alleged Infinity
- Chapter XXXIX.—These Latter Speculations Shown to Be Contradictory to the First Principles Respecting Matter, Formerly Laid Down by Hermogenes
- Chapter XL.—Shapeless Matter an Incongruous Origin for God's Beautiful Cosmos. Hermogenes Does Not Mend His Argument by Supposing that Only a Portion of Matter Was Used in the Creation
- Chapter XLI.—Sundry Quotations from Hermogenes. Now Uncertain and Vague are His Speculations Respecting Motion in Matter, and the Material Qualities of Good and Evil
- Chapter XLII.—Further Exposure of Inconsistencies in the Opinions of Hermogenes Respecting the Divine Qualities of Matter
- Chapter XLIII.—Other Discrepancies Exposed and Refuted Respecting the Evil in Matter Being Changed to Good
- Chapter XLIV.—Curious Views Respecting God's Method of Working with Matter Exposed. Discrepancies in the Heretic's Opinion About God's Local Relation to Matter
- Chapter XLV.—Conclusion. Contrast Between the Statements of Hermogenes and the Testimony of Holy Scripture Respecting the Creation. Creation Out of Nothing, Not Out of Matter
Against the Valentinians36 pages
- IV
- Chapter II.—These Heretics Brand the Christians as Simple Persons. The Charge Accepted, and Simplicity Eulogized Out of the Scriptures
- Chapter III.—The Folly of This Heresy. It Dissects and Mutilates the Deity. Contrasted with the Simple Wisdom of True Religion. To Expose the Absurdities of the Valentinian System is to Destroy It
- Chapter IV.—The Heresy Traceable to Valentinus, an Able But Restless Man. Many Schismatical Leaders of the School Mentioned. Only One of Them Shows Respect to the Man Whose Name Designates the Entire School
- Chapter V.—Many Eminent Christian Writers Have Carefully and Fully Refuted the Heresy. These the Author Makes His Own Guides
- Chapter VII.—The First Eight Emanations, or Æons, Called the Ogdoad, are the Fountain of All the Others. Their Names and Descent Recorded
- Chapter VIII.—The Names and Descent of Other Æons; First Half a Score, Then Two More, and Ultimately a Dozen Besides. These Thirty Constitute the Pleroma. But Why Be So Capricious as to Stop at Thirty?
- Chapter IX.—Other Capricious Features in the System. The Æons Unequal in Attributes. The Superiority of Nus; The Vagaries of Sophia Restrained by Horos. Grand Titles Borne by This Last Power
- Chapter X.—Another Account of the Strange Aberrations of Sophia, and the Restraining Services of Horus. Sophia Was Not Herself, After All, Ejected from the Pleroma, But Only Her Enthymesis
- Chapter XI.—The Profane Account Given of the Origin of Christ and the Holy Ghost Sternly Rebuked. An Absurdity Respecting the Attainment of the Knowledge of God Ably Exposed
- Chapter XII.—The Strange Jumble of the Pleroma. The Frantic Delight of the Members Thereof. Their Joint Contribution of Parts Set Forth with Humorous Irony
- Chapter XIII.—First Part of the Subject, Touching the Constitution of the Pleroma, Briefly Recapitulated. Transition to the Other Part, Which is Like a Play Outside the Curtain
- Chapter XIV.—The Adventures of Achamoth Outside the Pleroma. The Mission of Christ in Pursuit of Her. Her Longing for Christ. Horos' Hostility to Her. Her Continued Suffering
- Chapter XV.—Strange Account of the Origin of Matter, from the Various Affections of Achamoth. The Waters from Her Tears; Light from Her Smile
- Chapter XVII.—Achamoth in Love with the Angels. A Protest Against the Lascivious Features of Valentinianism. Achamoth Becomes the Mother of Three Natures
- Chapter XVIII.—Blasphemous Opinion Concerning the Origin of the Demiurge, Supposed to Be the Creator of the Universe
- Chapter XIX.—Palpable Absurdities and Contradictions in the System Respecting Achamoth and the Demiurge
- Chapter XX—The Demiurge Works Away at Creation, as the Drudge of His Mother Achamoth, in Ignorance All the While of the Nature of His Occupation
- Chapter XXI.—The Vanity as Well as Ignorance of the Demiurge. Absurd Results from So Imperfect a Condition
- Chapter XXII.—Origin of the Devil, in the Criminal Excess of the Sorrow of Achamoth. The Devil, Called Also Munditenens, Actually Wiser Than the Demiurge, Although His Work
- Chapter XXIII.—The Relative Positions of the Pleroma. The Region of Achamoth, and the Creation of the Demiurge. The Addition of Fire to the Various Elements and Bodies of Nature
- Chapter XXIV.—The Formation of Man by the Demiurge. Human Flesh Not Made of the Ground, But of a Nondescript Philosophic Substance
- Chapter XXV.—An Extravagant Way of Accounting for the Communication of the Spiritual Nature to Man. It Was Furtively Managed by Achamoth, Through the Unconscious Agency of Her Son
- Chapter XXVI.—The Three Several Natures—The Material, the Animal, and the Spiritual, and Their Several Destinations. The Strange Valentinian Opinion About the Structure of Soter's Nature
- Chapter XXVIII.—The Demiurge Cured of His Ignorance by the Saviour's Advent, from Whom He Hears of the Great Future in Store for Himself
- Chapter XXIX.—The Three Natures Again Adverted to. They are All Exemplified Amongst Men. For Instance, by Cain, and Abel, and Seth
- Chapter XXX.—The Lax and Dangerous Views of This Sect Respecting Good Works. That These are Unnecessary to the Spiritual Man
- Chapter XXXI.—At the Last Day Great Changes Take Place Amongst the Æons as Well as Among Men. How Achamoth and the Demiurge are Affected Then. Irony on the Subject
- Chapter XXXII.—Indignant Irony Exposing the Valentinian Fable About the Judicial Treatment of Mankind at the Last Judgment. The Immorality of the Doctrine
- Chapter XXXIII.—These Remaining Chapters an Appendix to the Main Work. In This Chapter Tertullian Notices a Difference Among Sundry Followers of Ptolemy, a Disciple of Valentinus
- Chapter XXXIV.—Other Varying Opinions Among the Valentinians Respecting the Deity, Characteristic Raillery
- Chapter XXXV.—Yet More Discrepancies. Just Now the Sex of Bythus Was an Object of Dispute; Now His Rank Comes in Question. Absurd Substitutes for Bythus Criticised by Tertullian
- Chapter XXXVI.—Less Reprehensible Theories in the Heresy. Bad is the Best of Valentinianism
- Chapter XXXVII.—Other Turgid and Ridiculous Theories About the Origin of the Æons and Creation, Stated and Condemned
- Chapter XXXVIII.—Diversity in the Opinions of Secundus, as Compared with the General Doctrine of Valentinus
- Chapter XXXIX.—Their Diversity of Sentiment Affects the Very Central Doctrine of Christianity, Even the Person and Character of the Lord Jesus. This Diversity Vitiates Every Gnostic School
On the Flesh of Christ21 pages
- V
- Chapter II.—Marcion, Who Would Blot Out the Record of Christ's Nativity, is Rebuked for So Startling a Heresy
- Chapter III.—Christ's Nativity Both Possible and Becoming. The Heretical Opinion of Christ's Apparent Flesh Deceptive and Dishonourable to God, Even on Marcion's Principles
- Chapter IV.—God's Honour in the Incarnation of His Son Vindicated. Marcion's Disparagement of Human Flesh Inconsistent as Well as Impious. Christ Has Cleansed the Flesh. The Foolishness of God is Most Wise
- Chapter V.—Christ Truly Lived and Died in Human Flesh. Incidents of His Human Life on Earth, and Refutation of Marcion's Docetic Parody of the Same
- Chapter VI.—The Doctrine of Apelles Refuted, that Christ's Body Was of Sidereal Substance, Not Born. Nativity and Mortality are Correlative Circumstances, and in Christ's Case His Death Proves His Birth
- Chapter VII.—Explanation of the Lord's Question About His Mother and His Brethren. Answer to the Cavils of Apelles and Marcion, Who Support Their Denial of Christ's Nativity by It
- Chapter VIII.—Apelles and His Followers, Displeased with Our Earthly Bodies, Attributed to Christ a Body of a Purer Sort. How Christ Was Heavenly Even in His Earthly Flesh
- Chapter IX.—Christ's Flesh Perfectly Natural, Like Our Own. None of the Supernatural Features Which the Heretics Ascribed to It Discoverable, on a Careful View
- Chapter X.—Another Class of Heretics Refuted. They Alleged that Christ's Flesh Was of a Finer Texture, Animalis, Composed of Soul
- Chapter XI.—The Opposite Extravagance Exposed. That is Christ with a Soul Composed of Flesh—Corporeal, Though Invisible. Christ's Soul, Like Ours, Distinct from Flesh, Though Clothed in It
- Chapter XII.—The True Functions of the Soul. Christ Assumed It in His Perfect Human Nature, Not to Reveal and Explain It, But to Save It. Its Resurrection with the Body Assured by Christ
- Chapter XIII.—Christ's Human Nature. The Flesh and the Soul Both Fully and Unconfusedly Contained in It
- Chapter XIV.—Christ Took Not on Him an Angelic Nature, But the Human. It Was Men, Not Angels, Whom He Came to Save
- Chapter XV.—The Valentinian Figment of Christ's Flesh Being of a Spiritual Nature, Examined and Refuted Out of Scripture
- Chapter XVII.—The Similarity of Circumstances Between the First and the Second Adam, as to the Derivation of Their Flesh. An Analogy Also Pleasantly Traced Between Eve and the Virgin Mary
- Chapter XVIII.—The Mystery of the Assumption of Our Perfect Human Nature by the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity. He is Here Called, as Often Elsewhere, the Spirit
- Chapter XX.—Christ Born of a Virgin, of Her Substance. The Physiological Facts of His Real and Exact Birth of a Human Mother, as Suggested by Certain Passages of Scripture
- Chapter XXII.—Holy Scripture in the New Testament, Even in Its Very First Verse, Testifies to Christ's True Flesh. In Virtue of Which He is Incorporated in the Human Stock of David, and Abraham, and Adam
- Chapter XXIII.—Simeon's "Sign that Should Be Contradicted," Applied to the Heretical Gainsaying of the True Birth of Christ. One of the Heretics' Paradoxes Turned in Support of Catholic Truth
- Chapter XXV.—Conclusion. This Treatise Forms a Preface to the Other Work, "On the Resurrection of the Flesh," Proving the Reality of the Flesh Which Was Truly Born, and Died, and Rose Again
On the Resurrection of the Flesh58 pages
- VI
- Chapter IV.—Heathens and Heretics Alike in Their Vilification of the Flesh and Its Functions, the Ordinary Cavils Against the Final Restitution of So Weak and Ignoble a Substance
- Chapter V.—Some Considerations in Reply Eulogistic of the Flesh. It Was Created by God. The Body of Man Was, in Fact, Previous to His Soul
- Chapter VI.—Not the Lowliness of the Material, But the Dignity and Skill of the Maker, Must Be Remembered, in Gauging the Excellence of the Flesh. Christ Partook of Our Flesh
- Chapter VII.—The Earthy Material of Which Flesh is Created Wonderfully Improved by God's Manipulation. By the Addition of the Soul in Man's Constitution It Became the Chief Work in the Creation
- Chapter IX.—God's Love for the Flesh of Man, as Developed in the Grace of Christ Towards It. The Flesh the Best Means of Displaying the Bounty and Power of God
- Chapter X.—Holy Scripture Magnifies the Flesh, as to Its Nature and Its Prospects
- Chapter XI.—The Power of God Fully Competent to Effect the Resurrection of the Flesh
- Chapter XII.—Some Analogies in Nature Which Corroborate the Resurrection of the Flesh
- Chapter XIII.—From Our Author's View of a Verse in the Ninety-Second Psalm, the Phoenix is Made a Symbol of the Resurrection of Our Bodies
- Chapter XIV.—A Sufficient Cause for the Resurrection of the Flesh Occurs in the Future Judgment of Man. It Will Take Cognisance of the Works of the Body No Less Than of the Soul
- Chapter XV.—As the Flesh is a Partaker with the Soul in All Human Conduct, So Will It Be in the Recompense of Eternity
- Chapter XVI.—The Heretics Called the Flesh "The Vessel of the Soul," In Order to Destroy the Responsibility of the Body. Their Cavil Turns Upon Themselves and Shows the Flesh to Be a Sharer in Human Actions
- Chapter XVII.—The Flesh Will Be Associated with the Soul in Enduring the Penal Sentences of the Final Judgment
- Chapter XIX.—The Sophistical Sense Put by Heretics on the Phrase "Resurrection of the Dead," As If It Meant the Moral Change of a New Life
- Chapter XX.—Figurative Senses Have Their Foundation in Literal Fact. Besides, the Allegorical Style is by No Means the Only One Found in the Prophetic Scriptures, as Alleged by the Heretics
- Chapter XXI.—No Mere Metaphor in the Phrase Resurrection of the Dead. In Proportion to the Importance of Eternal Truths, is the Clearness of Their Scriptural Enunciation
- Chapter XXIII.—Sundry Passages of St. Paul, Which Speak of a Spiritual Resurrection, Compatible with the Future Resurrection of the Body, Which is Even Assumed in Them
- Chapter XXIV.—Other Passages Quoted from St. Paul, Which Categorically Assert the Resurrection of the Flesh at the Final Judgment
- Chapter XXV.—St. John, in the Apocalypse, Equally Explicit in Asserting the Same Great Doctrine
- Chapter XXVI.—Even the Metaphorical Descriptions of This Subject in the Scriptures Point to the Bodily Resurrection, the Only Sense Which Secures Their Consistency and Dignity
- Chapter XXVII.—Certain Metaphorical Terms Explained of the Resurrection of the Flesh
- Chapter XXVIII.—Prophetic Things and Actions, as Well as Words, Attest This Great Doctrine
- Chapter XXIX.—Ezekiel's Vision of the Dry Bones Quoted
- Chapter XXX.—This Vision Interpreted by Tertullian of the Resurrection of the Bodies of the Dead. A Chronological Error of Our Author, Who Supposes that Ezekiel in His Ch. XXXI. Prophesied Before the Captivity
- Chapter XXXI.—Other Passages Out of the Prophets Applied to the Resurrection of the Flesh
- Chapter XXXII.—Even Unburied Bodies Will Be Raised Again. Whatever Befalls Them God Will Restore Them Again. Jonah's Case Quoted in Illustration of God's Power
- Chapter XXXIII.—So Much for the Prophetic Scriptures. In the Gospels, Christ's Parables, as Explained by Himself, Have a Clear Reference to the Resurrection of the Flesh
- Chapter XXXIV.—Christ Plainly Testifies to the Resurrection of the Entire Man. Not in His Soul Only, Without the Body
- Chapter XXXV.—Explanation of What is Meant by the Body, Which is to Be Raised Again. Not the Corporeality of the Soul
- Chapter XXXVI.—Christ's Refutation of the Sadducees, and Affirmation of Catholic Doctrine
- Chapter XXXVII.—Christ's Assertion About the Unprofitableness of the Flesh Explained Consistently with Our Doctrine
- Chapter XXXVIII.—Christ, by Raising the Dead, Attested in a Practical Way the Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Flesh
- Chapter XXXIX.—Additional Evidence Afforded to Us in the Acts of the Apostles
- Chapter XL.—Sundry Passages of St. Paul Which Attest Our Doctrine Rescued from the Perversions of Heresy
- Chapter XLI.—The Dissolution of Our Tabernacle Consistent with the Resurrection of Our Bodies
- Chapter XLII.—Death Changes, Without Destroying, Our Mortal Bodies. Remains of the Giants
- Chapter XLIII.—No Disparagement of Our Doctrine in St. Paul's Phrase, Which Calls Our Residence in the Flesh Absence from the Lord
- Chapter XLIV.—Sundry Other Passages of St. Paul Explained in a Sentence Confirmatory of Our Doctrine
- Chapter XLV.—The Old Man and the New Man of St. Paul Explained
- Chapter XLVI.—It is the Works of the Flesh, Not the Substance of the Flesh, Which St. Paul Always Condemns
- Chapter XLVII.—St. Paul, All Through, Promises Eternal Life to the Body
- Chapter XLVIII.—Sundry Passages in the Great Chapter of the Resurrection of the Dead Explained in Defence of Our Doctrine
- Chapter XLIX.—The Same Subject Continued. What Does the Apostle Exclude from the Dead? Certainly Not the Substance of the Flesh
- Chapter L.—In What Sense Flesh and Blood are Excluded from the Kingdom of God
- Chapter LI.—The Session of Jesus in His Incarnate Nature at the Right Hand of God a Guarantee of the Resurrection of Our Flesh
- Chapter LII.—From St. Paul's Analogy of the Seed We Learn that the Body Which Died Will Rise Again, Garnished with the Appliances of Eternal Life
- Chapter LIII.—Not the Soul, But the Natural Body Which Died, is that Which is to Rise Again. The Resurrection of Lazarus Commented on. Christ's Resurrection, as the Second Adam, Guarantees Our Own
- Chapter LIV.—Death Swallowed Up of Life. Meaning of This Phrase in Relation to the Resurrection of the Body
- Chapter LV.—The Change of a Thing's Condition is Not the Destruction of Its Substance. The Application of This Principle to Our Subject
- Chapter LVI.—The Procedure of the Last Judgment, and Its Awards, Only Possible on the Identity of the Risen Body with Our Present Flesh
- Chapter LVII.—Our Bodies, However Mutilated Before or After Death, Shall Recover Their Perfect Integrity in the Resurrection. Illustration of the Enfranchised Slave
- Chapter LVIII.—From This Perfection of Our Restored Bodies Will Flow the Consciousness of Undisturbed Joy and Peace
- Chapter LIX.—Our Flesh in the Resurrection Capable, Without Losing Its Essential Identity, of Bearing the Changed Conditions of Eternal Life, or of Death Eternal
- Chapter LX.—All the Characteristics of Our Bodies—Sex, Various Limbs, Etc.—Will Be Retained, Whatever Change of Functions These May Have, of Which Point, However, We are No Judges. Analogy of the Repaired Ship
- Chapter LXI.—The Details of Our Bodily Sex, and of the Functions of Our Various Members. Apology for the Necessity Which Heresy Imposes of Hunting Up All Its Unblushing Cavils
- Chapter LXII.—Our Destined Likeness to the Angels in the Glorious Life of the Resurrection
- Chapter LXIII.—Conclusion. The Resurrection of the Flesh in Its Absolute Identity and Perfection. Belief of This Had Become Weak. Hopes for Its Refreshing Restoration Under the Influences of the Paraclete
Against Praxeas
VII. Against Praxeas; In Which He Defends, in all Essential Points, the Doctrine of the Holy Trinity23 pages
- Chapter I.—Satan's Wiles Against the Truth. How They Take the Form of the Praxean Heresy. Account of the Publication of This Heresy
- Chapter II.—The Catholic Doctrine of the Trinity and Unity, Sometimes Called the Divine Economy, or Dispensation of the Personal Relations of the Godhead
- Chapter III.—Sundry Popular Fears and Prejudices. The Doctrine of the Trinity in Unity Rescued from These Misapprehensions
- Chapter IV.—The Unity of the Godhead and the Supremacy and Sole Government of the Divine Being. The Monarchy Not at All Impaired by the Catholic Doctrine
- Chapter V.—The Evolution of the Son or Word of God from the Father by a Divine Procession. Illustrated by the Operation of the Human Thought and Consciousness
- Chapter VI.—The Word of God is Also the Wisdom of God. The Going Forth of Wisdom to Create the Universe, According to the Divine Plan
- Chapter VII.—The Son by Being Designated Word and Wisdom, (According to the Imperfection of Human Thought and Language) Liable to Be Deemed a Mere Attribute. He is Shown to Be a Personal Being
- Chapter IX.—The Catholic Rule of Faith Expounded in Some of Its Points. Especially in the Unconfused Distinction of the Several Persons of the Blessed Trinity
- Chapter X.—The Very Names of Father and Son Prove the Personal Distinction of the Two. They Cannot Possibly Be Identical, Nor is Their Identity Necessary to Preserve the Divine Monarchy
- Chapter XII.—Other Quotations from Holy Scripture Adduced in Proof of the Plurality of Persons in the Godhead
- Chapter XIV.—The Natural Invisibility of the Father, and the Visibility of the Son Witnessed in Many Passages of the Old Testament. Arguments of Their Distinctness, Thus Supplied
- Chapter XV.—New Testament Passages Quoted. They Attest the Same Truth of the Son's Visibility Contrasted with the Father's Invisibility
- Chapter XVI.—Early Manifestations of the Son of God, as Recorded in the Old Testament; Rehearsals of His Subsequent Incarnation
- Chapter XVII.—Sundry August Titles, Descriptive of Deity, Applied to the Son, Not, as Praxeas Would Have It, Only to the Father
- Chapter XX.—The Scriptures Relied on by Praxeas to Support His Heresy But Few. They are Mentioned by Tertullian
- Chapter XXI.—In This and the Four Following Chapters It is Shewn, by a Minute Analysis of St. John's Gospel, that the Father and Son are Constantly Spoken of as Distinct Persons
- Chapter XXII.—Sundry Passages of St. John Quoted, to Show the Distinction Between the Father and the Son. Even Praxeas' Classic Text—I and My Father are One—Shown to Be Against Him
- Chapter XXIII.—More Passages from the Same Gospel in Proof of the Same Portion of the Catholic Faith. Praxeas' Taunt of Worshipping Two Gods Repudiated
- Chapter XXIV.—On St. Philip's Conversation with Christ. He that Hath Seen Me, Hath Seen the Father. This Text Explained in an Anti-Praxean Sense
- Chapter XXVI.—A Brief Reference to the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Luke. Their Agreement with St. John, in Respect to the Distinct Personality of the Father and the Son
- Chapter XXIX.—It Was Christ that Died. The Father is Incapable of Suffering Either Solely or with Another. Blasphemous Conclusions Spring from Praxeas' Premises
- Chapter XXXI.—Retrograde Character of the Heresy of Praxeas. The Doctrine of the Blessed Trinity Constitutes the Great Difference Between Judaism and Christianity
- Postscript
Scorpiace
VIII. Scorpiace. Antidote for the Scorpion's Sting15 pages
Appendix
IX. Appendix. Against all Heresies8 pages
- Chapter I.—Earliest Heretics: Simon Magus, Menander, Saturninus, Basilides, Nicolaus. [The Work Begins as a Fragment.]
- Chapter II.—Ophites, Cainites, Sethites
- Chapter III.—Carpocrates, Cerinthus, Ebion
- Chapter IV.—Valentinus, Ptolemy and Secundus, Heracleon
- Chapter V.—Marcus and Colarbasus
- Chapter VI.—Cerdo, Marcion, Lucan, Apelles
- Chapter VII.—Tatian, Cataphrygians, Cataproclans, Catæschinetans
- Chapter VIII.—Blastus, Two Theodoti, Praxeas
Part Third
I. On Repentance12 pages
- Chapter I.—Of Heathen Repentance
- Chapter II.—True Repentance a Thing Divine, Originated by God, and Subject to His Laws
- Chapter III.—Sins May Be Divided into Corporeal and Spiritual. Both Equally Subject, If Not to Human, Yet to Divine Investigation and Punishment
- Chapter IV.—Repentance Applicable to All the Kinds of Sin. To Be Practised Not Only, Nor Chiefly, for the Good It Brings, But Because God Commands It
- Chapter V.—Sin Never to Be Returned to After Repentance
- Chapter VI.—Baptism Not to Be Presumptously Received. It Requires Preceding Repentance, Manifested by Amendment of Life
- Chapter VII.—Of Repentance, in the Case of Such as Have Lapsed After Baptism
- Chapter VIII.—Examples from Scripture to Prove the Lord's Willingness to Pardon
- Chapter IX.—Concerning the Outward Manifestations by Which This Second Repentance is to Be Accompanied
- Chapter X.—Of Men's Shrinking from This Second Repentance and Exomologesis, and of the Unreasonableness of Such Shrinking
- Chapter XI.—Further Strictures on the Same Subject
- Chapter XII.—Final Considerations to Induce to Exomologesis
On Baptism
II. On Baptism19 pages
- Chapter I.—Introduction. Origin of the Treatise
- Chapter II.—The Very Simplicity of God's Means of Working, a Stumbling-Block to the Carnal Mind
- Chapter III.—Water Chosen as a Vehicle of Divine Operation and Wherefore. Its Prominence First of All in Creation
- Chapter V.—Use Made of Water by the Heathen. Type of the Angel at the Pool of Bethsaida
- Chapter VI.—The Angel the Forerunner of the Holy Spirit. Meaning Contained in the Baptismal Formula
- Chapter VII.—Of the Unction
- Chapter VIII.—Of the Imposition of Hands. Types of the Deluge and the Dove
- Chapter IX.—Types of the Red Sea, and the Water from the Rock
- Chapter X.—Of John's Baptism
- Chapter XI.—Answer to the Objection that "The Lord Did Not Baptize."
- Chapter XII.—Of the Necessity of Baptism to Salvation
- Chapter XIII.—Another Objection: Abraham Pleased God Without Being Baptized. Answer Thereto. Old Things Must Give Place to New, and Baptism is Now a Law
- Chapter XIV.—Of Paul's Assertion, that He Had Not Been Sent to Baptize
- Chapter XV.—Unity of Baptism. Remarks on Heretical And Jewish Baptism
- Chapter XVI.—Of the Second Baptism—With Blood
- Chapter XVII.—Of the Power of Conferring Baptism
- Chapter XVIII.—Of the Persons to Whom, and the Time When, Baptism is to Be Administered
- Chapter XIX.—Of the Times Most Suitable for Baptism
- Chapter XX.—Of Preparation For, and Conduct After, the Reception of Baptism
On Prayer
III. On Prayer29 pages
- Chapter I.—General Introduction
- Chapter II.—The First Clause
- Chapter III.—The Second Clause
- Chapter IV.—The Third Clause
- Chapter V.—The Fourth Clause
- Chapter VI.—The Fifth Clause
- Chapter VII.—The Sixth Clause
- Chapter VIII.—The Seventh or Final Clause
- Chapter IX.—Recapitulation
- Chapter X.—We May Superadd Prayers of Our Own to the Lord's Prayer
- Chapter XI.—When Praying the Father, You are Not to Be Angry with a Brother
- Chapter XII.—We Must Be Free Likewise from All Mental Perturbation
- Chapter XIII.—Of Washing the Hands
- Chapter XIV.—Apostrophe
- Chapter XV.—Of Putting Off Cloaks
- Chapter XVI.—Of Sitting After Prayer
- Chapter XVII.—Of Elevated Hands
- Chapter XVIII.—Of the Kiss of Peace
- Chapter XIX.—Of Stations
- Chapter XX.—Of Women's Dress
- Chapter XXI.—Of Virgins
- Chapter XXII.—Answer to the Foregoing Arguments
- Chapter XXIII.—Of Kneeling
- Chapter XXIV.—Of Place for Prayer
- Chapter XXV.—Of Time for Prayer
- Chapter XXVI.—Of the Parting of Brethren
- Chapter XXVII.—Of Subjoining a Psalm
- Chapter XXVIII.—Of the Spiritual Victim, Which Prayer is
- Chapter XXIX.—Of the Power of Prayer
Ad Martyras
IV. Ad Martyras6 pages
The Passion of the Holy Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas3 pages
- Preface
- Chapter III.—Argument. Perpetua is Again Tempted by Her Father. Her Third Vision, Wherein She is Led Away to Struggle Against an Egyptian. She Fights, Conquers, and Receives the Reward
- Chapter V.—Argument. Secundulus Dies in the Prison. Felicitas is Pregnant, But with Many Prayers She Brings Forth in the Eighth Month Without Suffering, the Courage of Perpetua and of Saturus Unbroken
Of Patience
VI. Of Patience16 pages
- Chapter I.—Of Patience Generally; And Tertullian's Own Unworthiness to Treat of It
- Chapter II.—God Himself an Example of Patience
- Chapter III.—Jesus Christ in His Incarnation and Work a More Imitable Example Thereof
- Chapter IV.—Duty of Imitating Our Master Taught Us by Slaves. Even by Beasts. Obedient Imitation is Founded on Patience
- Chapter V.—As God is the Author of Patience So the Devil is of Impatience
- Chapter VI.—Patience Both Antecedent and Subsequent to Faith
- Chapter VII.—The Causes of Impatience, and Their Correspondent Precepts
- Chapter VIII.—Of Patience Under Personal Violence and Malediction
- Chapter IX.—Of Patience Under Bereavement
- Chapter X.—Of Revenge
- Chapter XI.—Further Reasons for Practising Patience. Its Connection with the Beatitudes
- Chapter XII.—Certain Other Divine Precepts. The Apostolic Description of Charity. Their Connection with Patience
- Chapter XIII.—Of Bodily Patience
- Chapter XIV.—The Power of This Twofold Patience, the Spiritual and the Bodily. Exemplified in the Saints of Old
- Chapter XV.—General Summary of the Virtues and Effects of Patience
- Chapter XVI.—The Patience of the Heathen Very Different from Christian Patience. Theirs Doomed to Perdition. Ours Destined to Salvation
Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 3, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson and A. Cleveland Coxe (1885–96). Public domain. Text from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.